气象条件与北京国际马拉松比赛成绩的关系

利用1981～2003年北京国际马拉松比赛成绩资料和同期北京市观象台逐时或定时观测的气象资料。定量分析了气象条件与北京国际马拉松比赛男子平均成绩、优秀成绩、女子优秀成绩之间的相关关系，并简述了主要气象因子对比赛成绩的影响机理。结果表明：气象因素对比赛成绩影响最大值在9～12min之间；不同性别运动员比赛成绩对气象要素反应的敏感程度不同；男子运动员对气温反应最为敏感，女子运动员对风速反应最为敏感；从人类生物气象指数来看，舒适指数是男运动员比赛成绩的最有效指示器，风冷指数是女优秀运动员比赛成绩的较好指示器。     

气象因素对标枪成绩的影响分析

气象条件对体育比赛有着重要的作用,温度、湿度、降水、风等各种气象因素对体育比赛项目都会产生一定的影响。使用自20世纪80年代以来国内外有关气象条件对标枪项目的影响、标枪训练与投掷的技术标准、标枪项目的生物力学等方面的文献资料和有关标枪风洞实验的有关数据,重点分析了风力和风向对标枪投掷的影响。结果表明:在风速较小(顺风和侧风时风速小于6 m/s,在逆风时风速小于3 m/s)的情况下,一定的风速使标枪的飞行距离稍有增加,当风速超过6 m/s以后,飞行距离随风速的加大而减少。另外,气温和湿度对标枪运动的影响主要是在对运动员的身体状态方面,表现为对运动员的心理和生理的影响,影响运动员水平的发挥,降水、大雾等则表现为能见度差,造成比赛中止甚至取消。     

淮北煤矿事故与气象条件的分析研究

利用气象地面观测资料和高空探测资料及淮北煤矿事故的相关资料,应用数理统计方法,分析淮北煤矿事故的时空分布特征,。结果表明：煤矿事故在全年各月均可出现;在气象要素存在地面气压下降,气温回升,湿度〈30％的气象条件下煤矿事故较易发生;经过对井下气象条件的试验分析证明;温度过高过低,湿度较小,当井下风速〈0．5m．S-1时．...     

气象因素对马拉松跑比赛成绩的影响

通过对北京国际马拉松比赛成绩与气象因素相关性的定量分析发现,比赛成绩与气温、湿度,人类生物气象学指标等因素相关显著.据此,将气象条件分为适宜、一般、不适宜等三类,并提出了马拉松比赛的最佳天气指标.     

气象要素对体育项目的综合影响

通过分析各种气象因素造成的人体反应,以及气象要素与体育比赛项目的关系。阐明各项体育比赛受气压、气温、风、降水和雾等要素的影响最大,能够指导运动员利用气象条件,充分发挥自身的潜能,创造出更好的成绩。同时也为合理科学的赛事气象服务提供依据。     

嘉祥气象站自动观测与人工观测数据的比较

对嘉祥气象站自动观测和人工观测资料进行对比分析。结果表明：自动观测测得的气温、地温偏高，湿度偏小，风速偏大，气压持平。两种观测的降水量差值不大，风向频率差异明显。     

盖州市大气能见度与气象条件相关分析

利用2011—2012年盖州市大气能见度和地面气象要素(相对湿度、风速、气温、气压)的观测资料,分析了盖州地区大气能见度月和日的变化特征及大气能见度与气象要素的相关性。结果表明:盖州市大气高能见度事件多出现在3月和10月,低能见度事件多出现在6—8月;夏季能见度最低,14时能见度最大,20时能见度比08时略小。大气能见度与相对湿度相关性最大,与风速和气温相关性次之,与气压相关性最差;当相对湿度80.0%时,能见度最低值为10.4±3.2km,大气能见度与气压、气温、相对湿度的相关系数分别为-0.52、0.51和-0.52;其中较高的气温、较大的相对湿度、较小的风速及较低的气压是盖州地区低能见度(10km)事件发生的主要气象条件。     

封开县新旧站气象观测资料对比分析

基于新旧站2010年1、4、7、10月平行观测的气温、气压、相对湿度和全年风向风速资料,采用差值分析法和t检验,分析了气温、气压、相对湿度和风向风速在迁站前后的差异特征,结果表明:4个月份中,新站的定时观测气温、气压以及月平均气压、平均气温比旧站偏低;相对湿度7月份比旧站偏高,其他月份比旧站偏低;全年平均风速新站比旧站偏高,主导风向新旧站有差异;迁站前后气压和风速存在显著性差异。造成新旧站气象资料差异的主要原因可能是探测环境和海拔高度等因素发生变化。     

气象要素对体育竞赛的影响

人类知识日新月异,各门学科的新分支层出不穷,体育气象学作为一门崭新的交叉性、边缘性学科,正在掘起和发展.它研究并确定大气环境条件和气象因素对体育运动成绩产生的影响,并探求最佳条件,以确定取得最佳成绩的有利指标.它还证实那些在特定条件下可能成为运动事故的直接原因,以及危及运动员身体健康的某些气象因素;并研究气象要素(如:温度、湿度、气压、降水和风等)及其对各种体育比赛项目产生的影响.1.气温的影响     

慢性阻塞性肺病与气象因素相关性分析

根据2002—2007年北京朝阳医院逐月慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）入院患者例次和北京朝阳气象站同期逐月地面气象资料,利用统计方法,进行相关分析,旨在探讨慢性阻塞性肺病与气候因素、气候变化的关系,保护人类免受不利气象条件的影响,利用有利的气象条件和气候资源来增强体质,预防疾病。结果表明：慢性阻塞性肺病与气温、相对湿度、气压和风速等气象因子有密切的相关性,当平均温度大于等于19.5℃时,慢性阻塞性肺病的发病例数较低;当平均温度小于19.5℃时,发病例数较高。当平均相对湿度大于等于53%时慢性阻塞性肺病的发病例数较低;当平均相对湿度小于53%时发病例数较高。当平均气压大于等于1009 hPa时,慢性阻塞性肺病的发病例数有升高的趋势;当平均气压小于1009 hPa时有下降的趋势,当平均风速大于等于3.0 m/s时,慢性阻塞性肺病的发病例数较高;当平均平均风速小于3.0 m/s时,发病例数较低。慢性阻塞性肺病发病的高发期相对于风速极大值滞后15 d。慢性阻塞性肺病发病存在着明显的月际变化和年际变化,从月际变化曲线来看慢性阻塞性肺病发病最高例数出现在4月,最低例数出现在7月;从年际变化曲线来看,慢性阻塞性肺病发病例数有逐年升高的趋势。根据气候变化、季节变化对慢性阻塞性肺病进行预测预防,以减少慢性阻塞性肺病的发生,可为该病的气象预报预警提供参考。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.