Variations in Frequency and Intensity of Strong Tropical Cyclones Affecting China During

 Based on tropical cyclone track dataset in the western North Pacific from China Meteorological Administration (CMA), variations in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific, affecting-China TCs (ACTCs) and landfall TCs (LTCs) achieving a typhoon intensity during 1957-2004 were studied. Frequencies of strong tropical cyclones showed significant decreasing trends from 1957 to 2004 and the linear trend was much greater when the intensity was stronger. There was no linear trend in the portion of strong tropical cyclones achieving a typhoon (TY) intensity, while those reaching a strong typhoon (STY) and a super typhoon (SuperTY) intensity showed decreasing trends during 1957-2004. The maximum intensities of TCs, ACTCs and LTCs all decreased during the period of 1957-2004. The mean intensities of TCs and ACTCs displayed decreasing trends and the mean intensity of LTCs achieving a TY intensity also showed a decreasing trend.     

1957-2004年影响我国的强热带气旋频数和强度变化

以中国气象局西北太平洋热带气旋资料为基础,分析1957-2004年影响我国并达到台风强度以上的三类热带气旋,即生成热带气旋、影响热带气旋和登陆热带气旋的频数和强度的变化。结果表明：强热带气旋频数在1957-2004年间呈显著减少趋势,强度越强,其减少趋势越明显。近50 a台风以上强度的强热带气旋频次占总频次的比例没有明显的增加或减少趋势,强台风和超强台风比例呈减少趋势。1957-2004年热带气旋的最大强度呈线性减弱趋势,生成热带气旋和影响热带气旋的平均强度亦呈减弱趋势,登陆台风的平均强度也呈减弱趋势。     

Influences of Tropical Cyclones on China During 1965-2004

Using the Joint Typhoon Warning Center （JTWC） and China Meteorological Administration （CMA） tropical cyclone track datasets, variations in frequency and intensity of the affecting-China tropical cyclones （ACTCs） are studied for the period of 1965-2004. First, the differences between the two tropical cyclone datasets are examined. The annual frequencies of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific basin are reasonably consistent to each other, while the intensity records are less reliable. The annual numbers of ACTCs based on different datasets are close to each other with similar interdecadal and interannual variations. However, the maximum intensity and the annual frequency of ACTCs for strong categories show great dependence on datasets. Tropical cyclone impacts on China show the same variations as the annual number of ACTCs and also show dependence on datasets. Differences in tropical cyclone impacts on China are mainly caused by datasets used. The annual frequency of ACTCs, especially the length of lifetime of ones that make landfall, and the intensity estimates all have effects on the value of impacts on China.     

登陆中国不同强度热带气旋的变化特征

根据《热带气旋等级》国家标准(2006),将热带气旋(TC)划分为热带低压(TD)、热带风暴(TS)、强热带风暴(STS)、台风(TY)、强台风(STY)、超强台风(SSTY)6个等级,利用中国气象局整编的1949—2006年共58年的《台风年鉴》和《热带气旋年鉴》资料,分析了登陆中国大陆、海南和台湾不同强度TC变化特征。结果表明：(1) 不同强度登陆TC频数存在年际和年代际变化,在长期趋势上,TD、TS登陆频数呈现显著的线性递减趋势,STY登陆频数呈现显著增加趋势。(2) 登陆TD、TS、STS存在6—8年的周期变化,TY具有准16年的周期变化。(3) 登陆TD、TS主要生成于南海东北部海面,登陆TY、STY、SSTY多生成于巴士海峡东南部海面和菲律宾以东洋面。(4) 在年代际变化上,南海生成的登陆TD、TS频数有减少趋势,TY、STY有增多趋势。     

南海-西北太平洋地区大气准双周振荡对TC生成的调节作用

通过对南海-西北太平洋地区大气10～20 d准双周振荡(QBWO)不同位相的划分(A～D),研究了QBWO对南海-西北太平洋海域热带气旋(TC)生成的调节作用。将TC分为强热带风暴及以下级别(TS)和台风及以上级别(TY),并将QBWO分为干湿位相,发现南海海域生成的TS(TY)在干湿位相的比与西北太平洋海域生成的TS(TY)在干湿位相的比相等,这表明QBWO对TS(TY)生成的调节作用在南海和西太平洋地区可能相同。从A位相到C位相,南海和西北太平洋地区TC的生成频数均逐渐增多,D位相时期,TC生成最少,多数TC发生在QBWO的对流活动湿位相,少数TC发生在干位相。南海-西北太平洋海域TC的生成受到QBWO的明显调制。从位相A到位相C,低频对流和低频风场逐渐向西北方向移动,低频对流强度持续加强,低频风场逐渐由异常西风-东风-西风转为异常东风-西风-东风配置,西北太平洋地区季风槽加强,使得TC生成频数逐渐增多。此外,在QBWO活跃位相,非绝热加热增强和纬向风垂直切变减弱也有利于TC的生成。     

西北太平洋热带气旋频数和强度变化趋势初探

利用1951—2006年西北太平洋 (含南海) 热带气旋资料, 研究了不同强度热带气旋的气候变化特征。结果表明:超强台风 (近中心最大风速≥58m/s, 简称超强台风Ⅱ) 频数、强度和初、终旋日期的变化特征都不同于其他级别热带气旋; 西北太平洋热带气旋的总频数有长期减少趋势, 主要由热带低压和超强台风Ⅱ的长期减少趋势引起; 随着热带气旋强度增强, 出现月最大频数的月份逐渐推迟; 超强台风月频数最大值发生在秋季; 超强台风Ⅱ频数的年变化与除了超强台风Ⅰ(近中心最大风速为51~58m/s) 外的其他级别热带气旋反相关; 受超强台风Ⅱ减少影响, 热带气旋年平均最大风速有减小的长期趋势; 热带气旋的初、终旋日期没有显著的长期变化趋势, 但超强台风Ⅱ的初旋日期有推迟趋势, 终旋日期有提前趋势, 发生时间缩短。     

登陆广东热带气旋特征及其与副热带高压的关系

2004年登陆广东的热带气旋只有2个,个数明显偏少,粤西无热带气旋登陆;登陆广东的初台偏迟,终台结束早,登陆时间集中于7月;热带气旋移速快,强度弱(为热带风暴),对广东影响利大于弊。对1951~2004年7~9月登陆广东的热带气旋进行统计分析,发现各月登陆广东的热带气旋次数差异较大,最多时一个月有5个,最少时没有。登陆广东的热带气旋个数与西北太平洋副热带高压位置、强度有密切关系,可以将有利于和不利于热带气旋登陆广东的副热带高压各分为3种环流形势。     

ANALYSIS OF THE CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDING TROPICAL CYCLONES IN EAST CHINA

The intensity, landing time, track trend and intensity variation of tropical cyclones (TCs) after landfall are analyzed using the TCs data (of best track from the China Meteorological Administration) between 1949 and 2006 for the western North Pacific and South China Sea. The trend differences of track and intensity between the TCs that directly land in East China and those making the second landfall in East China after landing in Taiwan Island are categorically discussed. The results show that the first kind of landing TCs are more likely to go northward or turn while the second kind of TCs have a larger tendency to keep going northwest. The intensity of the first kind of TCs is more persistent than the second one. There is a higher percentage for the intensity to be weakened significantly if the TCs keep going west to northwest or southwest after landing.     

Variation characteristics of tropical cyclones making landfall in China at different intensities

According to the national standard(2006)on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity,TCs are categorized into six intensity types,namely,tropical depression(TD),tropical storm(TS),severe tropical storm(STS), typhoon(TY),severe typhoon(STY),and super severe typhoon(SSTY).Fifty-eight years(1949–2006)of the datasets from the Yearbook of Typhoons and Yearbook of Tropical Cyclones were used to study the variation characteristics of TCs making landfalls in mainland China,Hainan and Taiwan islands.The main results are as foll...     

中国登路热带气旋的季节预测模型

The year-to-year increment prediction approach proposed by was applied to forecast the annual number of tropical cyclones (TCs) making landfall over China.The year-to-year increase or decrease in the number of land-falling TCs (LTCs) was first predicted to yield a net number of LTCs between successive years.The statistical prediction scheme for the year-to-year increment of annual LTCs was developed based on data collected from 1977 to 2007,which includes five predictors associated with high latitude circulations in both Hemispheres and the circulation over the local,tropical western North Pacific Ocean.The model shows reasonably high predictive ability,with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.09,a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.9,and a correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed annual number of LTCs of 0.86,accounting for 74% of the total variance.The cross-validation test further demonstrated the high predictive ability of the model,with an RMSE value of 1.4,an MAE value of 1.2,and a correlation coefficient of 0.74 during this period.