基于ASP．NET的雷达备件信息管理系统设计

雷达备件及时供应对于雷达技术装备保障业务极为重要,快捷、便利的雷达备件信息查询可以提高保障工作效率,本文介绍了利用ASP．NET＋SOLServer技术开发雷达备件信息管理系统的过程,包括开发环境、功能结构、系统架构、数据库的设计以及系统功能的实现。系统界面简洁,易于操作。     

新一代天气雷达2009—2014年运行状态分析

综合气象观测系统运行监控平台(ASOM)是地面观测设备实时运行状态及探测数据的监控保障系统,文章基于ASOM中2009年12月1日至2014年11月30日的维护维修数据对新一代天气雷达运行指标进行评估,统计其业务可用性（Ao）、平均无故障工作时间（MTBF）、平均故障持续时间（Tfd）、故障次数（Nf）和故障分布情况,2014年,Ao和MTBF分别提高到99.06%和1465.08 h,Tfd和Nf分别降低至13.15 h和4.68次。此外文章对故障案例中的备件更换情况按照雷达分系统和不同型号进行统计分类,建立针对性的备件供应管理,以提高新一代天气雷达的维修能力,提升综合观测系统装备供应管理效能。     

贵州省气象装备保障综合管理系统设计与实现

随着贵州省自动化综合气象观测设备的不断增加,为改善我省气象装备保障综合管理工作,实现全省各类气象装备备件库存的三级管理,中心建立了一套全省现代化气象装备保障综合管理信息系统。该系统初步实现了对全省各类气象装备全寿命的跟踪,提高了我省气象装备备件库存管理的科学性和现代化水平以及我省气象技术装备配置、调拨供应等技术保障体系的运转效率,同时也提升了各类气象装备备件的实际运行效能。     

如何加强“存货”核算与管理

1引言“存货”是国际上通用的一个名称，也是企业财务会计制度上使用的一个概念。1996年国务院批准的《事业单位财务规则》中引用了这个概念，并提出核算和管理原则。所谓“存货”是指事业单位在开展业务及其他活动中为耗用而储存的资产，包括材料、燃料、包装物和低值易耗品等。我们单位负责供应全省气象系统业务所需设备及各类消耗器材和设备维修备件、检定备件，是核算存货量较大的单位。国家为了气象事业发展，每年投入大量资金用于购量储备业务所需器材。就我省而言，每年省局拨给此项经费助多万元，但因物价上涨等因素，这些资金远远…     

自动气象站维修保障能力评估

自动气象站的设备故障及技术保障水平影响着其运行效能的发挥。基于综合气象观测系统运行监控平台(ASOM)中运行的2400多套国家级自动站,通过调研各型号自动站厂家备件以及22个省(区)2007—2008年国家级自动气象站故障信息和维修数据,统计平均故障维修时间和平均故障持续时间等量化指标,对自动站的维修保障能力进行了综合评估,并对自动站故障部位、故障原因进行了统计分类,从而为实现统一的故障管理、提高技术保障能力、促进自动气象站维修保障能力评估自动化与标准化奠定基础。     

毕节新一代天气雷达备件管理系统简介

该文介绍了毕节雷达备件管理系统功能的设计实现,并简要分析利用VC++中的MFC数据库访问对象(DAO)对Access的后台数据库进行前端操作.在Access数据库中,能够对数据进行存放、查询、修改等等操作,其具有强大的数据处理、统计分析能力,但是单纯利用Access数据库实现这些功能是极不方便的,要解决这些问题,可以利用第三方软件将其功能集中于一个界面进行集成操作管理,方便使用.     

综合气象观测运行监控业务及系统升级设计

通过对综合气象观测运行监控业务及运行监控系统现状的分析,提出了运行监控业务的发展设想,并对运行监控系统升级做了科学的设计。结果指出,运行监控业务将成为装备保障工作的核心中枢,具有监控、指挥、调度、管理功能,应形成设备监控、维修保障、装备供应与评估业务关联互动的业务体系。运行监控系统需突破目前依赖观测资料质量检查为主要手段的技术,建立以设备自身状态信息为主,故障维修业务填报信息和观测资料检查等多元信息相互校验的技术,实现监控、维修保障、装备供应的信息联动。     

综合气象观测系统业务运行综合评估技术研究

综合气象观测网运行监控系统是我国气象探测设备运行保障的实时业务系统.文章以装备技术保障工程理论为基础,按可靠性、维修性、保障性、业务性、经济性等多个范畴,从装备运行状态、装备性能参数、探测数据质量、通信传输、供应保障、维护维修等方面,提出了针对我国综合气象观测网中各类设备的运行、维护和保障等工作进行综合评估的技术方法,...     

新疆气象技术装备保障中心

新疆气象技术装备保障中心是新疆气象局直属事业单位,下设办公室、技术保障科、物资供应站、检定所（与气象计量站合署办公）、科技服务科五个科室,主要负责全疆气象装备和器材的计划、采购、供应、仓储工作,承担全疆气象雷达、自动气象站、雷电监测设备,大气观测设备,气象仪器,电解水制氢设备,通讯设备,     

如何做好气象物资装备供应管理

气象事业的发展离不开先进的设备,做好气象物资的供应管理是保障气象发展的前提,是气象业务顺利开展的重要保障。加强气象物资的供应管理才能使各种物资最大限度的发挥作用,让各种物资达到最佳组合,节约资源,降低成本。本着节约、环保、高效的原则,依据《气象技术装备管理办法》,做好物资计划、采购、储备、配送等工作。本文主要简述基于节约、环保、高效原则,如何做好气象装备的储存、保管、供应各环节的工作。     

The solubility and behaviour of acid gases in the marine aerosol

The following Henry's law constants (K _H/mol²kg^-2atm^-1) for HNO₃ and the hydrohalic acids have been evaluated from available partial pressure and other thermodynamic data from 0°–40°C, 1 atm total pressure: HNO ₃ , 40°C–5.85×10⁵; 30°C–1.50×10⁶; 25°C–2.45×10⁶; 20°C–4.04×10⁶; 10°C–1.15×10⁷; 0°C–3.41×10⁷. HF, 40°C–3.2; 30°C–6.6; 25°C–9.61; 20°C–14.0; 10°C–32.0; 0°C–76. HCl, 40°C–4.66×10⁵; 30°C–1.23×10⁶; 25°C–2.04×10⁶; 20°C–3.37×10⁶; 10°C–9.71×10⁶; 0°C–2.95×10⁷. HBr, 40°C–2.5×10⁸; 30°C–7.5×10⁸; 25°C–1.32×10⁹; 20°C–2.37×10⁹; 10°C–8.10×10⁹; 0°C–3.0×10¹⁰. HI, 40°C–5.2×10⁸; 30°C–1.5×10⁹; 25°C–2.5×10⁹; 20°C–4.5×10⁹; 10°C–1.5×10¹⁰; 0°C–5.0×10¹⁰. Simple equilibrium models suggest that HNO₃, CH₃SO₃H and other acids up to 10x less soluble than HCl displace it from marine seasalt aerosols. HF is displaced preferentially to HCl by dissolved acidity at all relative humidities greater than about 80%, and should be entirely depleted in aged marine aerosols.     

Numerical study on the bulk heat transfer coefficient for a variety of vegetation types and densities

The relationship between the geometrical structure of a canopy layer and the bulk transfer coefficient was investigated using a numerical canopy model. The following results were obtained:

1. The bulk transfer coefficients for momentum and heat, C _M and C _H , change with non-dimensional canopy density C _* each has a maximum.
2. The value of C _M is always larger than the value of C _H for a canopy with c _m > c _h , c _m and c _h being the drag coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient of an individual canopy element, respectively.
3. The value of C _* at which C _H has its maximum value is larger than the value of C _* at which C _M has its maximum. Therefore, the reciprocal of the sublayer Stanton number b _h ^?1 ranges between 50 and 65 for C _* around 0.1 while it ranges between 0 and 30 for C _* < 10^?2 and C _* > 2 (when c _m = 0.5).
4. The value of B _H ^?1 in the present study is consistent with most available observations, except for canopies of medium density (when C _* is around 0.1) for which no observational value has been obtained.

     

A K-Theory of Dispersion,Settling and Deposition in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

Dispersion estimates with a Gaussian plume model are often incorrect because of particle settling (β), deposition (γ) or the vertical gradient in diffusivity (K _v (z) = K ₀ + μz). These “non-Gaussian” effects, and the interaction between them, can be evaluated with a new Hankel/Fourier method. Due to the deepening of the plume downwind and reduced vertical concentration gradients, these effects become more important at greater distance from the source. They dominate when distance from the source exceeds L _β = K ₀ U/β ², L _γ  = K ₀ U/γ ² and L _μ = K ₀ U/μ ² respectively. In this case, the ratio β/μ plays a central role and when β/μ = 1/2 the effects of settling and K gradient exactly cancel. A general computational method and several specific closed form solutions are given, including a new dispersion relation for the case when all three non-Gaussian effects are strong. A more general result is that surface concentration scales as C(x) ~ γ ⁻² whenever deposition is strong. Categorization of dispersion problems using β/μ, L _γ and L _μ is proposed.     

A verification of two shear velocity equations for the wind-wave interaction in a lake environment

Under growing wind-wave conditions the shear velocity,u _*, over the water surface equalsg ² H _s ² B _a ² C _p ³ , whereg is the gravitational acceleration,H _s is the significant wave height,B _a is a constant, andC _p is the wave celerity. From an independent field experiment in a lake environment which provided all three parameters (u _*,H _s , andC _p ), the value ofB _a is found to be 0.89, which is slightly lower than but consistent (within 20%) with the literature value between 0.90 and 1.06 obtained from an oceanic environment. Since thisu _* equation does not include the wind speed,U ₁₀, anotheru _* formulation withU ₁₀ in addition to the wave information is also evaluated. It is shown that the latter equation which includesU ₁₀ is superior to the former withoutU ₁₀.     

Mixing efficiency in decaying stably stratified turbulence

Mixing efficiency in stratified flows is a measure of the proportion of turbulent kinetic energy that goes into increasing the potential energy of the fluid by irreversible mixing. In this research direct numerical simulations (DNS) and rapid distortion theory (RDT) calculations of transient turbulent mixing events are carried out in order to study this aspect of mixing. In particular, DNS and RDT of decaying, homogeneous, stably-stratified turbulence are used to determine the mixing efficiency as a function of the initial turbulence Richardson number R_it0=(N_L0/_u0)²$R{i}_{t0}={(N{L}_0/u_0)}^2$, where N   is the buoyancy frequency and _L0$L_0$ and _u0$u_0$ are initial length and velocity scales of the turbulence. The results show that the mixing efficiency increases with increasing R_it0$R{i}_{t0}$ for small R_it0$R{i}_{t0}$, but for larger R_it0$R{i}_{t0}$ the mixing efficiency becomes approximately constant. These results are compared with data from towed grid experiments. There is qualitative agreement between the DNS results and the available experimental data, but significant quantitative discrepancies. The grid turbulence experiments suggest a maximum mixing efficiency (at large R_it0$R{i}_{t0}$) of about 6%, while the DNS and RDT results give about 30%. We consider two possible reasons for this discrepancy: Prandtl number effects and non-matching initial conditions. We conclude that the main source of the disagreement probably is due to inaccuracy in determining the initial turbulence energy input in the case of the grid turbulence experiments.     

General Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over a Flaw Lead Polynya Region in Winter and Spring

A time series of microwave radiometric profiles over Arctic Canada’s Cape Bathurst (70°N, 124.5°W) flaw lead polynya region from 1 January to 30 June, 2008 was examined to determine the general characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer in winter and spring. A surface based or elevated inversion was present on 97% of winter (January–March) days, and on 77% of spring (April–June) days. The inversion was the deepest in the first week of March (≈1100 m), and the shallowest in June (≈250 m). The mean temperature and absolute humidity from the surface to the top of the inversion averaged 250.1 K (−23.1°C), and 0.56 × 10⁻³ kg m⁻³ in winter, and in spring averaged 267.5 K (−5.6°C), and 2.77 × 10⁻³ kg m⁻³. The median winter atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) potential temperature profile provided evidence of a shallow, weakly stable internal boundary layer (surface to 350 m) topped by an inversion (350–1,000 m). The median spring profile showed a shallow, near-neutral internal boundary layer (surface to 350 m) under an elevated inversion (600–800 m). The median ABL absolute humidity profiles were weakly positive in winter and negative in spring. Estimates of the convergence of sensible heat and water vapour from the surface that could have produced the turbulent internal boundary layers of the median profiles were 0.67 MJ m⁻² and 13.1 × 10⁻³ kg m⁻² for the winter season, and 0.66 MJ m⁻² and 33.4 × 10⁻³ kg m⁻² for the spring season. With fetches of 10–100 km, these accumulations may have resulted from a surface sensible heat flux of 15–185 W m⁻², plus a surface moisture flux of 0.001–0.013 mm h⁻¹ (or a latent heat flux of 0.7–8.8 W m⁻²) in winter, and 0.003–0.033 mm h⁻¹ (or a latent heat flux of 2–22 W m⁻²) in spring.     

Turbulence decay in stratified and homogeneous marine layers

A spectral approach is applied to shear-induced turbulence in stratified layers. A system of spectral equations for stationary balance of turbulent energy and temperature variances was deduced in the vicinity of the local shear scale L_U = (ε/U_Z³)^1/2. At wavenumbers between the inertial-convective (k^−5/3) and wak turbulence (k⁻³) subranges, additional narrow spectral intervals—‘production’ subranges—may appear (E k⁻¹, E_T k⁻²). The upper boundary of these subranges is determined as L_U, and the lower boundaries as L_R (ε/U_ZN²)^1/2(χ/T_Z²). It is shown that the scale L_U is a unique spectral scale that is uniform up to a constant value for every hydrophysical field. It appears that the spectral scale L_U is equivalent to the Thorpe scale L_Th for the active turbulence model. Therefore, if turbulent patches are generated in a background of permanent mean shear, a linear relation between temperature and mass diffusivities exists. In spectral terms, the fossil turbulence model corresponds to the regime of the Boldgiano-Obukhov buoyancy subrange (E k^−11/5, E_T k^−7/5). During decay the buoyancy subrange is expanded to lower and higher wavenumbers. At lower wavenumbers the buoyancy subrange is bounded by L_** = 3(χ^1/2/N^1/2T_Z), which is equivalent to the Thorpe scale L_Th. In such a transition regime only, when the viscous dissipation rate is removed from the set of main turbulence parameters, the Thorpe scale does not correlate with the buoyancy scale L_N ε^1/2/N^3/2 and fossil turbulence is realized. Oceanic turbulence measurements in the equatorial Pacific near Baker Island confirm the main ideas of the active and fossil turbulence models.