构建黑龙江省气象标准化体系的思考

1引言黑龙江省是农业、粮食、生态、资源大省,又属高寒地区。气象地方标准很具有地方特色．可以补充和完善现行气象国家和行业标准。促进本省气象业务服务规范化发展,从而对本省经济社会防灾避险、趋利避害,保障人民生命财产安全产生积极作用。随着黑龙江省农业、粮食、生态和资源产业的进一步发展,要求气象标准具有更加健全的体系．这一形势也使气象标准化体系的建设任务更加迫切。     

黑龙江工省2010年主要气象灾害概述

2010年黑龙江省极端气候事件频发,气象灾害较多,强度大.本文根据黑龙江省的气象灾害资料及有关政府部门的材料,统计出2010年黑龙江省发生的雪灾、暴雨洪涝、风雹雷击等主要气象灾害的数据,对主要气象灾害的特点和灾情做了详细概述.     

黑龙江工省2010年主要气象灾害概述

2010年黑龙江省极端气候事件频发,气象灾害较多,强度大.本文根据黑龙江省的气象灾害资料及有关政府部门的材料,统计出2010年黑龙江省发生的雪灾、暴雨洪涝、风雹雷击等主要气象灾害的数据,对主要气象灾害的特点和灾情做了详细概述.     

黑龙江省主要气象灾害预测和区划工作报告

黑龙江省主要气象灾害预测和区划工作报告祖世亨前言据有关统计报道，在所有自然灾害造成的损失中，气象灾害约占９０％。黑龙江省处在“气候脆弱区”，异常气候发生频率高，６０～７０年代的低温冷害，全省粮食减产幅度达３０～４０亿公斤。建国４０多年来，全省范围粮食...     

宽带IP网络在气象业务中的应用

目前气象信息信息传输量大,实时性强。在黑龙江省、市、县站之间采用的分组数据交换网络(其通信速率仅为9．6Kbps),难以满足业务需求。近两年黑龙江省新增了3部新一代天气雷达和大批的预报产品,这些信息受通信能力限制已无法传输,其信息不能共享。目前通信状况已成了制约本省气象事业发展的瓶颈。因此为了使黑龙江省气象通     

1997年黑龙江省粮食增产因素分析

１９９７年黑龙江省在遭受气象灾害的情况下,粮食生产仍然夺得空前大丰收,主要是人的因素起了关键作用。预计１９９７年四大作物（玉米、水稻、大豆、小麦）总产可达２９８９．３万ｔ,比大丰收的１９９６年（为２８２４万ｔ）增产１６５．３万ｔ。１气象因素增产气象因...     

2005年气象灾害对辽宁农业生产影响评估

利用2005年气象数据和卫星遥感数据,对2005年农业气候资源进行了分析,同时评估了2005年气象灾害对辽宁农业生产的影响。结果表明:2005年辽宁气象灾害种类多、影响范围广,整体灾害损失程度较2004年严重,给工农业生产及人民生活造成了严重损失;全省粮食平均单产比2004年减产了5%,其中玉米单产比2004年减产12%,水稻减产1%。由于年初预报准确,且采取了有利的措施,因此,2005年粮食平均单产仍然比历年(1991～2004年)增产了6%。     

气象工作要坚持把为"三农"服务放在首位

刚刚过去的2010年,是＂十一五＂规划的收关之年,是黑龙江省发展史上极不平凡的一年,在省委、省政府的坚强领导下,全省人民深入贯彻落实科学发展观,积极应对各种挑战,采取一系列有效措施,大力推进＂八大经济区＂和＂十大工程＂建设,确保了我省经济社会平稳较快发展。特别是全省＂三农＂工作呈现出良好     

黑龙江省决策气象服务结构及流程

黑龙江省决策气象服务结构及流程辛晓慧决策气象服务是指为领导提供的气象信息服务。这种服务对党政领导部门和生产指挥部门进行指挥决策非常重要。近年来，随着气象服务的不断深化，黑龙江省决策气象服务体系已经形成，并产生了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。１省级决策气象...     

黑龙江世界气象日纪念活动精彩纷呈

今年3月23日是第58个世界气象日,围绕世界气象日主题“智慧气象”,黑龙江省气象局加强部门联动,组织黑龙江省气象服务中心、黑龙江省气候中心、黑龙江省气象台等单位开展了一系列科普宣传活动,宣传气象工作,普及气象知识,树立部门形象,弘扬科学精神,提升公众素质。黑龙江省气象局结合“智慧气象”主题,升级优化黑龙江省气象台气象科普展厅,并于活动当天面向公众开放。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.