青藏高原东部大至暴雨卫星云图演变特征

对１９８０￣１９９９年造成青藏高原东部１７次大到暴雨天气过程的卫星云图演变特征及１９９９年９月９￣１０日出现的大到暴雨过程形成的物理量场进行了分析,总结出形成暴雨云带的影响系统模型和物理量场变化规律,对预报高原暴雨天气有一定的参考价值。     

青藏高原东北部区域性大到暴雨的诊断分析及数值模拟

利用NCEP时间间隔为6h的1°×1°的格点资料、常规探测资料和MM5V3.4版非静力中尺度模式对2003年7月29～30日高原东北部的区域性大到暴雨过程进行诊断分析和数值模拟,研究该过程的天气形势、物理量场配置和卫星云图的演变特征及复杂地形的影响。结果表明,南亚高压西部副型是高原东北部大到暴雨天气过程的主要流型,对大到暴雨预报有一定的指示意义。云系的叠置可为高原及邻近地区的暴雨预报提供重要的依据。MM5非静力中尺度模式对高原大到暴雨天气过程有一定的模拟能力,可为高原暴雨的进一步诊断分析提供高分辨率资料。高原大到暴雨过程的水汽初始源地,有直接水汽源和陆地水汽源。暴雨盛期,物理量场配置与平原地区不同。低层辐合和气旋性涡度的加强所产生的强上升运动是造成较大降水的原因,中低层出现θse的Ω型场是一种不稳定的层结,暴雨区出现在暖舌中。高原东北部的特殊河谷地形及叠加在高原大地形上的中尺度地形对冷暖空气的作用对暴雨过程至关重要,地形在其中的作用主要是动力性的。     

青海省都兰县两次大到暴雨天气个例对比分析

利用常规资料、FY-2E气象卫星云图及各物理量场产品,对都兰两次大到暴雨天气过程进行对比分析,归纳两次大到暴雨天气过程中的环流形势及一些物理量分布特点,结合环流演变和影响系统特征分析,探讨两次过程形成的可能原因,为今后都兰地区出现大到暴雨的监测、预报提供参考。     

桂西一次强降水过程的物理量演变特征分析

利用Ｔ１０６数值预报产品物理量分析场资料, 对１９９８ 年７ 月２３～２５ 日百色地区持续性的暴雨天气过程进行分析, 揭示了暴雨发生前后影响系统及物理量场的分布与演变特征、影响系统和各种物理量的相互配置与暴雨的关系, 指出能量锋的出现与暴雨落区的形成关系特别密切。     

HLAFS资料对“8.11”暴雨的诊断分析

利用天气图、HLAFS资料、卫星云图等资料 ,分析了 1 999年 8月 1 1日山东境内的暴雨、局部特大暴雨的天气尺度系统背景、中尺度流场、物理量场的特征 ,探讨了这次大暴雨的成因 ,所得结果可供暴雨预报业务参考。     

用数值预报产品制作南宁暴雨预报的尝试

通过对１９９６～１９９７年南宁市出现的暴雨天气过程及其影响系统进行分析,找出南宁市暴雨的环流特征,结合数值预报产品进行解释应用,并应用Ｔ１０６数值预报产品对南宁市出现的暴雨天气过程进行物理量场分析,从中找出南宁市暴雨的物理量场特征,以求提高南宁市暴雨预报的准确性和时效。     

渭南市1999—08—09区域性暴雨天气分析

应用高空地面资料及卫星云图、雷达回波和各种物理量场 ,对渭南 1 999-0 8-0 9区域强雷暴暴雨和局地飑线天气成因进行分析 ,得知 ,高空阶梯槽、大涡切变线台风和特殊地形是产生这次强对流天气的主要原因     

准噶尔盆地西北缘一次大到暴雨天气过程分析

摘要：通过分析2010年6月２8～２9日发生在准噶尔盆地西北缘的一次大到暴雨天气,揭示了形成这次强降水天气的环流背景特点、物理量和雷达回波特征。结果显示：冷暖气团在克拉玛依地区附近相遇产生的中尺度锋生现象触发了本次暴雨天气过程。表现最明显的特征是：高空槽移动缓慢,中层切变线不断南压、低层中尺度系统维持,冷暖气团在区域强烈交汇。暴雨区雷达速度场有明显的风场幅合。对流降水云团强度、移向变化的预测,是此类天气临近预报的关键和难点。     

青藏高原东部大—暴雨卫星云图演变特征及99,9大—暴雨过程物理量诊断分析

本文重点对１９８１－１９９９年造成青藏高原东部１５次大－暴雨大气过程卫星云图演变特征及１９９９年９月９－１０日大－暴雨过程形成的物理量场进行系统分析,总结了形成暴雨的云量影响系统模型和物理量场的变化规律,这项研究对预报员预报高原暴雨天气,有一定的参考价值。     

用HLAFS物理量分析1997年6月7～9日暴雨过程

利用1°×1°的HLAFS数值预报产品,分析了我省1997年6月7～9日暴雨过程0h部分物理量的分布特征。通过物理量0h实时场与12～48h预报场的对比分析,指出预报场的误差及对这次暴雨过程预报有较好指示意义的物理量场。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Addressing the necessity of the registration of the effects of causal mechanics in the example of a simple barotropic model of the atmosphere

Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer

The heighth of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h increases as ¦¦^1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as ^–1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth _u determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h _u behaves asymptotically as ¦¦^–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh .     

接地降阻剂的PH值的探讨

1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到…     

2003年黑龙江省主要灾害性天气及其对作物生长发育和粮食产量的影响

利用40年气温、降水资料和历史上千旱、低温严重的年份与2003年进行对比分析．评估黑龙江省2003年发生的严重灾害的分布范同，灾害程度，及其对主要粮食作物生长发育和产量的影响。得出2003年的灾害是30年未遇的全省性严重灾害年，各种灾害对各种作物都产生了不同程度的影响，受害最重的作物是小麦。     

阴山山脉对内蒙古中部地区气象要素影响初探

文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002