车载应急气象台防雷设计

车载应急服务移动气象台主要用于突发性事件、重大气象灾害、重大社会活动等应急气象保障工作,使抢险救灾和重大社会活动现场气象服务更直接、更及时、更有效。体现了气象工作在不同环境和恶劣自然条件下开展气象观测、探测、天气预报预测,提供准确的气象预报服务能力。     

陕西决策和应急气象服务实践与思考

总结分析了陕西省气象局减灾服务中心成立五年来,在探索实践具有陕西特色的"小实体·大网络"决策和应急气象服务机制方面所开展的工作,特别是在决策气象服务、应急气象服务和气象灾害应急指挥部办公室实体化运行等方面取得的主要成效。指出深入推进决策应急和气象防灾减灾工作,必须坚持"需求牵引、服务引领"发展理念,切实提高思想认识,着力抓好基础核心业务、气象灾害应急指挥部办公室实体化运行及技术支撑能力提升等工作,努力向综合性气象防灾减灾方向发展,全面推进陕西公共气象服务的健康快速发展。     

粤港应急气象服务的比较

通过对香港和广东两地主要的气象服务要点分析,得出以下结论:1)香港天文台应急气象服务重在流程清晰,步骤精细,部门协作分工明确。广东气象系统和相关部门需要在应急流程、应急工作开展步骤和部门协作方面进行梳理和改进。2)广东的应急气象服务重在反应快、覆盖面广、渠道多样化;缺点是服务内容比较粗放,不够精细,可参考香港天文台的一些做法,如"预警的预警"等,两地相互补益,以取得更好的服务效果。     

应急指挥车系统在浙江气象应急服务中的应用

基于卫星通讯的应急指挥车系统的特点是不受地点的约束,可以在任何一个地方和任何时间都可以实现与外界的通讯,这正是现场气象应急服务工作所迫切需要的.介绍了气象应急指挥车系统的结构和功能,并详细阐述了其在气象应急服务中的应急流程和实际应用.     

山林火灾气象保障服务的个例分析

对一次山林火灾的气象服务进行了案例分析,认为：人为因素是火灾的主要原因,气象因素也起到一定的作用。文章阐述了气象部门在服务中的应急响应以及服务的组织体系;在火灾现场开展气象观测,科学的现场观测点的布设为灭火的决策起到重要作用;还介绍了气象保障服务产品,主要是手机短信和现场气象服务专报,二者互相补充,各有所长;同时开展了人工增雨作业,使火灾现场下了小阵雨,为灭火起到了辅助作用。     

提供气象服务，合力打赢防汛抗洪攻坚战

2013年夏季黑龙江各地遭受了不同程度的洪涝灾害．对此．全省气象部门加强值班值守以及对天气的监测预报预警服务工作．省气象局党组、应急减灾办公室小组成员．每天下午召开防汛响应工作例会。分析抗洪形势并安排部署下一阶段全省防汛抗洪气象服务工作;针对灾情严重的地区,省局专门派专家组成气象应急服务队。赴抗洪前线进行气象应急服务与指导。经过全省各级气象部门的团结奋战,为抗洪的最后胜利提供了坚实的气象保障。     

湖北省决策气象服务系统的建设思路与实现过程

近 1 0多年来 ,决策气象服务一直被湖北省各级气象部门作为最重要的工作之一。经过全省气象科技工作者的不懈努力 ,气象决策服务在国民经济建设中发挥了独特的不可替代的重要作用 ,特别是在防汛抗旱、工农业生产决策过程中 ,其社会效益和经济效益尤为显著。因此这项工作已逐渐取得了当地党政领导和社会各界的认可。但随着国民经济持续发展和领导部门科学决策水平的不断提高 ,各级党政部门对气象服务也提出了更详尽更高的要求。如何进一步做好决策气象服务 ,更好地为当地党政部门当好参谋 ,这是摆在全省气象科技工作者面前的一项重大课题。在…     

新形势下郁南县气象应急管理工作刍议

在分析郁南县气象应急管理工作现状的基础上,指出了郁南县气象应急管理存在的问题,提出进一步加强气象应急工作的建议。结果表明,郁南县在气象应急管理组织体系、气象应急预案体系、气象应急服务体系和服务流程等方面取得了一定的成效,但也存在着气象应急体制不完善、群众气象灾害防御意识比较薄弱、气象应急保障能力较低等方面的问题,应采取加强应急体系建设、完善气象应急联动机制、做好风险隐患普查排查、加快综合灾害预警信息发布系统建设、提高早期预警能力和应急响应能力等措施。     

气象应急车载服务系统的构建

从设计方案、设备选型、工作流程、存在问题等技术方面,详细介绍广州市番禺区气象局气象应急车载服务系统,阐述了对气象应急移动服务系统建设的一些思考和建议。     

从汶川大地震谈应急气象通信技术

通过对四川汶川大地震中,气象通信和网络系统遭受的严重损害、暴露出来的问题、抗震救灾气象服务对气象通信系统的迫切需求以及采取的应急气象信息服务举措等方面的介绍,试图从技术层面对应急气象通信技术及其应用展开比较深入全面的探讨,并在结合现有应用的基础上,提出更多的技术手段,以便规划、设计和建立相对完善、能与日常应用有效衔接的应急气象通信系统.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.