天气尺度系统稳定性结构、相路特征的分岔及热源时间振荡影响问题的探讨

本文研究了有关天气系统突变的非线性因子的影响效应,指出环境大尺度基本流场的平流输送及不同尺度系统的能量转换可能对天气尺度系统异变起了重要作用;由大气扰动偏离与趋于平衡态的过程,看出扰动发展与衰减的速率与平流输送、不同尺度能量转换的非线性作用有关,还研究了扰动稳定性结构与相路特征的分岔问题和热源对扰动解的影响效应,揭示出热源时间振荡与大气扰动存在着非线性的相关,可能导致扰动的突变。     

STUDY ON THE STABILITY STRUCTURE OF SYNOPTIC SCALE SYSTEMS,THE BIFURCATION OF PHASE PATH CHARACTERISTICS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE TIME-OSCILLATION OF HEAT SOURCE

This paper discusses the stability structure and the bifurcation of phase path characteristics of synoptic scale system.The analytic results show that the catastrophe of the synoptic scale disturbance may be caused by the nonlinear effects of barotropic and baroclinic instability and advection of ambient large-scale flow.Also,foregoing nonlinear effects on the speed of development and decay of the system are presented in the processes deviating from or approaching to equilibrium state.It has been found that there is a resonance phenomenon between the time-oscillation of heat source and the atmospheric disturbance.     

EFFECT OF THE NONLINEAR TERM ON MOVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL CYCLONE

The dynamics of tropical cyclone is investigated in a nondivergent barotropic model with nobasic flow. The effect of nonlinear term on the movement and development of tropical cyclone isemphatically demonstrated. The advection of asymmetric vorticity by the symmetric flow (AAVS)produces the small-scale gyres (SSGs). The SSGs counterclockwise rotate around the tropicalcyclone center. The interaction of SSGs with the large-scale beta gyres (LSBGs) leads to theoscillation in translation speed and vacillation in translation direction for tropical cyclone. Theadvection of symmetric vorticity by the asymmetric flow (ASVA) steers the symmetric circulationof tropical cyclone. The ventilation flow vector determined by the asymmetric flow is closecorrelated with the motion vector of tropical cyclone. The nonlinear advection of relative vorticityis an order of magnitude greater than the linear advection of planetary vorticity, However, theasymmetric circulation created by the planetary vorticity advection provides a background conditionfor anomalous motions of the tropical cyclone. The combination of the linear and nonlinear effectsresults in accelerated, decelerated, changing direction and/or counterclockwise looping motions ofthe tropical cyclone.     

EFFECT OF THE NONLINEAR TERM ON MOVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL CYCLONE*

The dynamics of tropical cyclone is investigated in a nondivergent barotropic model with no basic flow. The effect of nonlinear term on the movement and development of tropical cyclone is emphatically demonstrated. The advection of asymmetric vorticity by the symmetric flow(AAVS) produces the small-scale gyres(SSGs). The SSGs counterclockwise rotate around the tropical cyclone center. The interaction of SSGs with the large-scale beta gyres(LSBGs) leads to the oscillation in translation speed and vacillation in translation direction for tropical cyclone. The advection of symmetric vorticity by the asymmetric flow(ASVA) steers the symmetric circulation of tropical cyclone. The ventilation flow vector determined by the asymmetric flow is close correlated with the motion vector of tropical cyclone. The nonlinear advection of relative vorticity is an order of magnitude greater than the linear advection of planetary vorticity, However, the asymmetric circulation created by the planetary vorticity advection provides a background condition for anomalous motions of the tropical cyclone. The combination of the linear and nonlinear effects results in accelerated, decelerated, changing direction and/or counterclockwise looping motions of the tropical cyclone.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIABATIC HEATING ON TROPICAL CYCLONE ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE

Using the barotropic volticity equation that contains forcing from diabatic heating with appropriate parameterization. a number of numerical experiments are conducted for the tropical cyclone that is initially symmetric The result shows that the diabatic heating has important effects on the asymmetric structure in addition to the roll of the β term and nonlinear advection term in its formation. It again confirms the conclusion that the diabatic heating is a possible mechanism responsible for such structures in the tropical cyclone.     

三类物理过程对台风强度影响的研究

文中设计了一个极坐标系的准地转正压模式 ,一个直角坐标系定常台风环流条件下的准地转正压模式和一个直角坐标系非定常台风环流的准地转正压模式 ,其径向或水平格距均为 2km ,以研究三类物理过程对台风强度的影响 ,即沿方位角方向的线性平流 ,沿径向的线性平流以及非线性平流对中尺度涡旋涡量内传和台风强度变化的影响。结果指出 :沿方位角方向的线性平流可导致螺旋状涡带的形成 ;沿径向的线性平流在一定的参数集合可使涡量内传 ,台风略有增强 ;定常台风环流条件下扰动涡量的非线性平流可使内传涡量明显增加 ,台风明显增强 ;非定常台风环流条件下非线性平流的作用具有两重性 ,一方面可使内传涡量增多 ,有利于台风的增强 ,另一方面 ,在涡量内传过程中 ,原先呈同心圆轴对称的台风基流结构受到破坏 ,形成复杂流型 ,这又使台风趋于减弱。最后讨论了这些结果在台风强度预测方面的可能应用。     

EFFECTS OF THREE KINDS OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES ON TYPHOON INTENSITY*

This paper designs three quasi-geostrophic barotropic models with a radial/horizontal grid length being 2 kin,one in the polar coordinates,one on a stationary typhoon circulation condition and another on a non-stationary typhoon circulation condition in the Cartesian coordinates,to investigate the effects of azimuthal and radial linear advections,and nonlinear advection on the inward propagation of mesoscale vorticity and the changes of typhoon intensity.Results show that the azimuthal linear advection may result in the formation of spiral vorticity bands;the radial linear advection in a certain parameter set is able to transfer vorticity inwards,leading to a slight enhancement of typhoon;the nonlinear advection of perturbation vorticity on a stationary typhoon circulation condition may transfer more vorticities inwards,thus resulting in a distinct enhancement of typhoon;and the nonlinear advection on a non-stationary typhoon circulation condition possesses duality,i.e.on the one hand,the advection increases the vorticity of inward propagation,thus favorable to the intensification of typhoon,and on the other hand,in the inward propagation process of vorticity the originally concentric and axisymmetric structure of typhoon basic flow is damaged,and a complex flow pattern forms,which in turn tends to weaken the circulation of typhoon.At last the paper discusses the possible applications of those results in typhoon intensity prediction.     

初生西南涡扰动不稳定发展的弱非线性动力分析

文献[1]研究了初生西南涡扰动在弱不稳定层结下出现不稳定发展的情形,但没回答扰动不稳定发生后,西南涡怎样发展的问题。本文利用临界摄动方法,讨论了初生西南涡扰动不稳定后,在垂直速度及位温垂直分布不均匀引起的弱非线性垂直平流的调节和反馈作用下,扰动发展形成稳定的具有一定空间结构的过程。当参数取适当数值时,可获得与实际基本一致的结果。     

海陆交界处平流辐射雾的二维数值模拟

本文采用二维非定常数值模式,模拟了大气边界层内海陆交界处的平流辐射雾的形成和演变规律。在模式中考虑了平流、辐射及湍流等物理因子及其相互作用。模拟结果表明,夜间盛行风将暖湿空气带入陆地,水汽经辐射冷却形成雾,地面陆风环流起了一定作用。      

非绝热加热对热带气旋非对称结构影响的数值试验

利用含非绝热加热强迫的正压涡度方程。将非绝热加热作适当的参数化处理。对初始对称 热带气旋作了一系列数值试验,结果表明：不仅β项、平流项在热带气旋非对称结构的形成中有重要作用,而且非绝热加热对热带气旋的非对称结构亦有重要影响,从而验证了非绝热加热是热带气旋非对称结构形成的一种可能机制的结论。