遵义市九叶青花椒气候适宜性区划研究

为探讨影响花椒生长发育的主要气候资源和受气象灾害的影响因子,该文根据不同品种的花椒对气候生态条件要求的差异,分析遵义与花椒优生区(重庆江津)气候条件的异同及花椒生长需要的气候特性,确定影响遵义市花椒区域分布差异的主要气候生态区划指标,并利用ArcGIS和数字高程模型(DEM)对遵义市种植花椒进行气候生态精细化区划。结果表明:九叶青花椒适宜栽培区主要分布在遵义市西部和北部海拔800 m以下地区,种植区内热量条件充足,冬季遭受低温冻害风险相对小;次适宜栽培区主要分布在遵义市中部和东南部等海拔在600～1 000 m的地区,冬季遭受低温冻害风险增大,在25%～40%之间,建议做好防冻措施;不适宜区分布在习水、大娄山脉等海拔在1 000 m以上的区域,花椒冬季遭受低温冻害风险较大,在50%以上。     

贵州省冬季错季蔬菜气候适宜性区划研究

利用贵州85个气象观测站1987—2016年逐日气温资料,根据冬季错季蔬菜种植的气候适宜性指标,应用GIS技术和气候要素空间分布回归模型对冬季错季蔬菜种植进行气候精细化区划。结果表明:适宜区主要分布在黔西南州东部、南部边缘及罗甸县、赤水市等低海拔地区;较适宜区主要分布在黔西南州东部和南部、黔南州南部的海拔1 000 m以下地区及黔东南州南部、遵义市北部的海拔600 m以下地区;其余地区均不适宜种植冬季错季蔬菜。     

基于GIS的高县桑树生态气候适宜性分析

利用1991～2020年气象资料和DEM资料,系统分析高县热量、水分、光照以及地形、土壤等生态气候因子对桑树生长发育的影响,结合生产实际,选取高影响因子作为指标,运用GIS技术和集优法对高县桑树生态气候适宜性进行区划。结果表明：高县桑树气候条件总体适宜,且具有一定优势,影响桑树栽培的主要因子是热量条件和地形坡度,最适宜区主要分布在海拔500m以下的坝丘河谷区,适宜蚕桑规模化发展;适宜区主要分布在海拔500～700m的山地丘区,应适度发展蚕桑业;次适宜区主要分布海拔700～1000m的低山区,可作为桑叶补充生产区;海拔1000m以上或地形坡度30°以上的山区不适宜栽培桑树。     

遵义引种涪陵榨菜的气象条件分析及茬口探讨

摘要：【目的】遵义立体气候明显,为了合理布局涪陵榨菜在遵义的种植,合理安排播种育苗时间及种植模式,【方法】本文采用了涪陵区及遵义13个国家站气象资料,分析了涪陵榨菜种植的气象条件及气象灾害风险,对榨菜全生育期温度界限内积温值进行回归拟合,得出不同县域不同海拔种植榨菜的适宜播期,以及对秋季茬口时间的探讨。【结果】在市的西部和中部海拔800 m以下、东部600 m以下地区,8月下旬至9月上旬播种,为榨菜气候种植适宜区;在市的西部海拔在800-1000 m区域,市的中部和东部海拔在600-900 m区域适宜播期为8月中旬,尽量保障冬前壮苗,为榨菜气候种植次适宜区;在海拔1000 m以上种植榨菜,秋季茬口时间紧张,冬季受低温雪凝灾害风险大,引种榨菜需慎重。【结论】在遵义引种涪陵榨菜,在市的西部和中部800 m以下、东部600 m以下地区,界限积温充足,冬季凝冻风险小,可以发展涪陵榨菜。     

基于GIS的叶城县核桃种植气候适宜性精细化区划

本文以叶城县特色林果—核桃为研究对象，研究叶城核桃种植的气候适宜性，以期充分利用农业气候资源，科学规划叶城县核桃种植布局和发展区域提供气候依据。利用叶城县及其周边20个气象站1981-2019年近39年的气温观测数据和同期核桃生长发育的物候资料，在分析核桃生长发育关键期与光、热、水气候条件关系的基础上，提出影响核桃生长发育的关键气候因子≥10℃积温、冬季最低气温≤-25℃日数、终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日天数作为核桃气候适宜性区划指标，基于GIS空间插值技术对叶城县核桃种植各区划指标因子进行空间特征分析，采用GIS空间加权分析法对核桃种植气候指标进行精细化分区，结果表明：叶城县影响核桃的各指标因子空间分布受海拔高度影响，≥10℃积温总体呈现“北疆多、南疆少、平原和盆地多、 山区少”的格局；最低气温≤-25℃日数呈现由山区向平原逐渐减少的特点；终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日天数的空间分布总体呈现山区少平原多的格局。在上述各指标气候要素空间特征的综合作用下，叶城县核桃种植可分为适宜、次适宜和不适宜三个分区。适宜区主要分布在县域北部海拔低于1400m的平原地带，该区能够满足核桃生长发育和优质高产对热量条件的需求，同时，核桃树遭受越冬冻害的风险很低，春季核桃树展叶、开花和结实期遭受霜冻危害的几率也很低，因此，适宜区是叶城县发展核桃种植业最理想的区域，加之，该区地处叶尔羌河上游流域，土壤肥沃，灌溉有保障，应大力发展优质核桃种植面积。次适宜区分布在县域中部海拔1400～2000m的山前倾斜平原和丘陵地带，该区核桃树具有一定的遭受越冬冻害的风险，不宜大规模发展核桃种植。不适宜区分布在叶城县南部海拔2000m以上的山区，该区域核桃树遭受越冬冻害的风险较高，因此，不宜种植核桃。     

陇南柑桔低温冻害的研究

甘肃陇南白龙江、白水江海拔８００－１０００ｍ以下的河谷地带，是我国柑桔种植区的西北边缘，在中国柑桔生态区划中为次适宜和可能种植区。近年来，随着农村经济的发展，柑桔种植面积不断扩大，这里种植柑桔的越冬气象条件虽然优于东部北亚热带桔区，但是低温冻害仍然是制约柑桔种植区域生产发展以及柑桔产量的主要气候生态因子之一，柑桔产量常因低温冻害而波动不稳。因此，在陇南发展柑桔生产首先必须考虑防御柑桔低温冻害问题。     

基于GIS的安塞县花期冻害风险区划

利用GIS技术,在实现区划指标空间化的基础上,根据各评价因子的权重,采用线性加权求和法,将各评价指标的栅格图进行叠加,得到安塞县花期冻害风险区划栅格图。区划结果显示:安塞县苹果花期冻害风险共划分四个风险等级区域,风险Ⅰ区主要分布在招安镇、沿河湾、高桥乡及楼坪乡一带,基本无重度花期冻害;风险Ⅱ区主要分布在海拔1 200m以下的山区;风险Ⅲ区主要分布在海拔1 200～1 500m的山区;风险Ⅳ区主要分布在海拔1 500m以上的楼坪乡及砖窑湾镇西南的山区。     

重庆市涪陵区烤烟生产气候条件适宜性研究

涪陵区烤烟生产区位于区境东南部七乡镇.涪陵区气象局在该区域建立了烤烟生产与气候条件适宜性研究试验基地,开展烤烟与气候、烤烟与气象灾害、烤烟生产气候指标的研究分析.结果表明:适宜的气候和环境条件结合先进的种植技术,是烤烟生产获得优质高产的主要因素;干旱、低温和绵雨是烤烟生产主要气象灾害;海拔600～1000m区域为烤烟生产适宜区.     

基于GIS的重庆市茶树气候区划研究

本文在分析茶树栽培与气象条件关系和重庆市气候资源和气象灾害特点的基础上,综合确定了影响重庆市茶树区域分布差异的主要气候生态区划指标;利用Arc GIS和数字高程模型(DEM)得到重庆市80%保证率≥10℃活动积温、春旱、夏旱、伏旱和秋旱100m×100m空间分布,制作了茶树气候生态区划,将重庆市划分为:气候炎热大叶茶适宜栽培区,气候温热中小叶茶适宜、大叶茶次适宜栽培区,气候温和中小叶茶适宜栽培区,气候温凉中小叶茶次适宜栽培区和气候寒冷茶树不适宜栽培区等5种类型区,为重庆市茶树产业合理布局提供了依据。      

基于GIS的广东冬种辣椒气候适宜性区划

基于广东省86个气象站1980-2012年气候资料和1991-2010年冬季寒害灾情资料,采用冬季(12月一翌年2月)≥15℃有效积温作为冬种辣椒的气候资源指标,选取寒害过程中最低气温＜10℃的天数、日最低气温＜10.0℃积寒量构建冬种辣椒的寒害风险指标,完善了冬种辣椒的种植气候适宜性指标.构建指标的空间分析模型,采用ArcGIS的空间分析和多层复合方法,对广东冬种辣椒的气候适宜性进行了区域划分.结果表明,冬种辣椒的气候最适宜种植区主要分布在雷州半岛、茂名、阳江等地区,适宜种植区主要分布在南部沿海地区和中部偏南地区,次适宜种植区主要分布在中部偏北地区和北部偏南地区,不适宜种植区主要分布在肇庆、清远、韶关、河源及梅州等地的北部.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;