气象科技材料归档的讨论

气象科技材料归档的讨论冯月琴（内蒙古气象档案馆）气象科技档案是直接记述和反映气象科技活动并归档保存的气象科技材料（含气象科技文件，下同）。履行了归档手续，集中保管起来的气象科技材料才称之为气象科技档案，其作用、性质、数量和存在形式都随之发生了变化。留...     

用“三气象”理念指导气象科技服务工作

中国气象事业发展战略研究提出了以“公共气象、安全气象、资源气象”为核心的发展理念，为新时期气象科技服务发展指明了方向，提供了理论依据和实践保证。气象科技服务要依托气象业务、科技、信息资源等优势来发展，其本质是一个科技问题。在新的发展时期，气象科技服务作为气象事业的重要组成部分，必须坚持“三气象”理念，在做好公益服务的同时，大力推进气象科技服务的发展。发展中需要正确处理好科技服务与基本业务、深化与发展、部门内与部门外的关系。     

以公共气象理念为指导 大力发展气象科技服务

气象科技服务是气象事业的重要组成部分之一，在气象事业发展以及经济社会发展中发挥着重要的作用。在贯彻落实气象事业发展战略研究成果和深化气象事业改革中，要大力发展气象科技服务。本文以公共气象理念为指导，论述了新形势下发展气象科技服务重要意义，明确提出了新形势下气象科技服务的定位和分类以及气象科技服务发展的基本方向和政策措施。     

以科学发展观为指导推进气象科技服务新发展

随着科学技术的发展和服务水平的不断提高，气象科技服务渗透到国民经济建设各个领域，促进了经济发展、社会进步和人民生活水平的提高，同时也在气象事业结构调整、气象业务服务领域拓展、改善职工工作生活条件等方面发挥了重要作用。社会的需要繁荣了气象科技服务，气象科技服务的发展又促进了气象科技总体水平的提高，气象科技服务已成为公共气象服务体系的重要组成部分。     

气象科技档案在经济建设中作用的初探

本文把气象科技档案归缴为两大类，一类是气象记录档案，另一类是气象科技文献、成果、专著以及气象服务和业务技术总结及材料汇编等气象记录档案．它具有科技档案的一切属性，又具有气象科技档案的某些特殊性，此外，还就如何利用气象科技档案推动气候服务的开展，提出了几点看法。     

国外气象科技服务

1 国际气象科技服务由来和发展背景 1．1 国际气象科技服务由来 国际上，气象科技服务始于20世纪20年代初期。随着社会经济发展和科技进步，社会对气象科技服务的需求不断增加，促进了气象科技服务的发展。特别是进入20世纪80年代后期气象科技服务得到迅速发展。     

解放思想 拓宽视野 全面开创 气象科技服务新局面──薛东有副局长在全省气象科技服务经验交流暨研讨会议上的讲话（摘要）

解放思想拓宽视野全面开创气象科技服务新局面──薛东有副局长在全省气象科技服务经验交流暨研讨会议上的讲话（摘要）─气象科技服务稳步发展，促进了气象事业发展的活力和后劲气象科技服务是气象科技与社会各行各业有机结合转化为生产力的有效途径，也是气象部门适应社...     

开创气象科技服务 新局面应突出重点

“公共气象、安全气象、资源气象”是加快中国气象事业发展的三大核心理念，它也为开创新时期县（市）气象科技服务工作新局面注入了活力，为其领域拓展指明了方向。作为县（市）气象事业的重要组成部分，气象科技服务举足轻重。为了开创气象科技服务新局面，必须抓住若干重点，力争取得重大突破。     

为我省气象事业再创辉煌作出新的贡献─写在《江西气象科技》创刊100期之际

“日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝。”在科学春天来临的时候，《．江西气象科技》于1978年6月正式创刊。本期是《江西气象科技》总第IO0期，百期《江西气象科技》走过了近二十年的历程二十年来，伴随着我们伟大祖国改革开放和现代化建设宏伟步伐，我省气象事业现代化建设发生了根本性变化。这些变化都深深印刻在《江西气象科技》每一期浓郁的瀚墨芳香中。百期《江西气象科技》共发表科技及管理论文1700多篇，600余万字。在这里留下了老一辈气象工作者艰辛创业的历程，留下了新一代气象工作者茁壮成长的足迹。百期《江西气象科技》对外展示…     

对青海气象科技服务工作的思考

1 引言 气象科技服务作为气象事业的一个重要组成部分，它的开展不仅解决了原有的公益性服务难以满足社会的特殊要求，而且开拓了气象服务的新领域，促进了气象事业进一步发展。从某种意义上讲，气象科技服务工作就是气象科技产品应用于实际生产劳动并为社会、经济发展提供有偿服务的具体举动。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;