“09.4.15”渤海和山东强风过程的动力学诊断分析

2009年4月15日,渤海和山东大部出现了一次强风天气过程。本次过程具有强度大、持续时间短、强风在渤海及山东附近显著加强等特点。为探讨强风的成因,根据常规观测资料以及NCEP分析资料进行了诊断分析。结果表明,本次强风过程是在低层冷锋、高层低涡横槽影响下产生的。冷空气向南推进过程中,冷平流中心由高层向低层传播,850 hPa以下冷平流不断加强,使冷锋不断增强。冷空气到达渤海湾后,锋前的强暖平流与锋后的强冷平流造成低空锋区进一步增强。冷锋次级环流的下沉运动与地面正变压中心对应,变压梯度风与大尺度气压梯度风共同造成强风过程,而强风中的阵风可能与次级环流的强烈脉动有关。     

渤海冷空气大风过程中3次风速波动的原因分析

根据FY-2G卫星遥感监测资料、常规气象观测资料和NCEP逐6h1°×1°再分析资料,分析2014年12月31日至2015年1月1日渤海大风过程中风速的3次波动特征以及影响系统,并对大风期间物理量进行了诊断分析,揭示了冷空气影响过程中渤海大风的突增以及波动性成因。结果表明:当冷空气影响渤海时,冷暖空气对比使低空锋区迅速加强,风力突增明显。大风期间高层深厚的冷平流自上而下形成了一条西北东南向后倾式的冷平流传输通道,平流分3次传送到底层对应着大风期间的3次波动峰值。整个过程动量下传起了重要的作用,下沉气流的径向度越大,高层下沉运动越强,对应地面的风速越大。     

河北冬奥赛区一次夜间增温过程的数值模拟及诊断

夜间增温是河北冬奥赛区冬季频发的天气现象,对其进行准确的模拟与预报对赛区建设及比赛保障至关重要.本文针对河北冬奥赛区2020年2月8日夜间至9日凌晨发生的一次夜间增温过程,通过引入高分辨率地形数据,利用中尺度区域数值模式WRF4.1.5精细化再现了此次夜间增温过程,并探究了此次过程的气象特征及成因.研究结果表明:此次夜...     

利用加密探测资料分析冷式切变线类大暴雨的动力结构

利用风廓线雷达、多普勒天气雷达、地面加密自动站和闪电定位仪等非常规观测资料,对发生在山东东南部沿海青岛的一次大暴雨天气的动力结构进行了分析,以探索如何综合应用新资料追踪暴雨的演变过程。结果表明:(1)此次大暴雨过程的影响系统是冷式切变线,冷空气从对流层低层入侵,切变线在850 hPa以下层次明显,地面冷锋逐渐演变为静止锋。(2)暴雨过程经历了两个强降雨和一个弱降雨时段,1小时30 mm以上的短历时强降雨发生在冷空气刚入侵阶段,并伴随雷电。(3)强降雨主要发生在925 hPa切变线附近,降雨分布在925 hPa切变线的东北风与850 hPa切变线的西南风叠置区域。大暴雨的分布与切变线走向基本一致。(4)在切变线移动和发展过程中,水平风有明显不同:冷空气刚影响时,对流层低层产生了明显的中尺度低压环流,是导致对流性短历时强降雨的关键因素;静止锋形成的时段内,从低层至高层,低压环流消失,代之以较强西南风与弱西北风之间的切变线;在静止锋维持的后期,低层和高层均转为西北风,仅在中层有西南风与偏北风之间的切变线,从而产生稳定性弱降雨。(5)风廓线对降雨的起止、盛衰有较强信号,风向风速自上而下顺序变化,当中层西南风风速增大且不断向下扩展,持续4 h后西南低空急流明显加强,当近地面转为东北风时,强降雨开始,强降雨阶段的显著特点是在风廓线雷达上表现为中低层强西北风和强西南风交替出现,降雨强度与交替的高度有关;当各层均转为稳定的西北风时预示降雨结束。     

非定常过程对大气边界层的内参数与风廓线的影响(二)

本文用大气边界层运动方程的数值积分研究了当边界层顶风向不变但风速变化时对大气边界层的内参数u_*/A(u_*为摩擦速度,A为上界风速)和α角(地面风与上界风向的交角)的影响。设上界处风速随时间指数增加及减少,最后趋于定常。在大气正、斜压时,u_*/A及α角的时间变化均是振幅衰减的振荡,最后趋于定常时相应的值。在时间变化过程中的任一时刻,内参数值与当上界条件取该时刻上界风时的定常解结果有一定的差别,严格说,定常时的内参数值并不能直接用于当上界风非定常时。本文还考虑了上界风速非定常对风廓线的影响。     

利用常规资料作飑线分析的尝试

本文在珠江流域常规地面站网的自记资料基础上,对1980年2月27日的飑线过程作了详细的分析,发现这是一次锋上的飑线过程。而且,飑线经过测站的时间与测站的日最大风速出现时间很一致。利用这种关系,在1980—1985年2月到6月中辨认出17个飑线个例,对其中一类飑线的大尺度背景进行分析.发现这类以大约70kmh-1。的速度沿珠江流域东移的飑线是影响广东主要的中尺度强对流天气系统之一,它们属槽前型飑线,其发生往往同地面锋和低空偏南急流相联系。      

INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE TYPHOONS AND RELATIONSHIPS OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL VORTICITY

Three typhoons, Goni, Morakot and Etau which were generated in Western Pacific in 2009, are successfully simulated by the WRF model. The horizontal and vertical vorticity and their interaction are analyzed and diagnosed by using the simulation results. It is shown that their resultant vectors had a fixed pattern in the evolution process of the three typhoons: The horizontal vorticity converged to the tropical cyclone (TC) center below 900 hPa level, flowed out from it at around 900 to 800 hPa, and flowed in between 800 hPa and 700 hPa. If multiple maximum wind speed centers showed up, the horizontal vorticity converged to the center of the typhoon below the maximum wind speed center and diverged from the TC center above the maximum wind speed center. At low levels, the three typhoons interacted with each other through vertical circulation generated by the vortex tube. This circulation was mainly generated by the eastward or westward horizontal vorticity vectors. Clouds and precipitation were generated on the ascending branch of the vertical circulation. The vortex tubes often flowed toward the southwest of the right TC from the northeast of the left TC. According to the full vorticity equation, the horizontal vorticity converted into the vertical vorticity near the maximum wind speed center below 850 hPa level, and the period of most intense conversion was consistent with the intensification period of TC, while the vorticity advection was against the intensification. The vertical vorticity converted into the horizontal vorticity from 800 hPa to 600 hPa, and the wind speed decreased above the maximum wind speed region at low levels.     

Characteristics of rainfall systems accompanied with Changma front at Chujado in Korea

The rainy season from June to July in the East Asia is called the Changma in Korea, the Meiyu in China, or the Baiu in Japan. The mesoscale convective systems which occur near a front frequently lead to severe weather phenomenon such as localized gust and heavy rainfall. An intensive field experiment was conducted at Chujado (33.95°N, 126.28°E) to find out the characteristics of the precipitating system using information such as the raindrop size distribution, kinematic features during a Changma period between June 21 2007 and July 11 2007. Different characteristics of three identified rainfall cases in a Changma frontal precipitation system occurred from 5 to 6 July in 2007 at Chujado area have been identified. Based on the radar reflectivity and raingage at Chujado, each rainfall system maintained for 7 hours, 4 hours, and 9 hours, respectively. According to the analysis of a total vertical wind shear (TVWS) and a directional vertical wind shear (DVWS), the temperature gradient was the strongest near the surface and both warm and cold advections were occurred in all cases but at different levels. The deep warm advection was related to the longer rainfall lifetime and stronger rainrate, but smaller raindrop size. The unstable atmospheric condition, which has cold advection at the surface and warm advection in higher level, caused the larger size diameter of raindrop. The echo top height of 30 dBZ was around 6 km in the two rainfall systems and around 4 km in the other one. The number concentrations of raindrop has turning point at the drop size of 2 mm in diameter. The stronger (weaker) updraft and downdraft were also related to the decreased number concentration of smaller (larger) size drops and increased that of the larger (smaller) drops.     

一次大范围雨雪天气过程的雷达回波特征分析

针对2015年1月9日贵州中西部出现的大范围雨雪天气过程,结合探空观测资料,利用新一代天气雷达基本产品分析了此次雨雪天气过程的雷达回波强度、回波高度、垂直结构和径向速度等基本变化特征。分析结果表明:雨雪天气过程雷达回波的基本特征为,无明显强回波中心,回波结构呈丝缕状,边缘模糊,降水粒子回波高度较低。从径向速度图分析来看,近地层为均匀的东北风,“牛眼”型结构,低空急流;中高层为北部为冷平流,南部为暖平流,与过程降水分布情况基本一致。深厚的冷湿结构、静止锋区的逆温层结构以及高空的西南风急流给这次大范围雨雪天气过程的形成和维持造成有利的条件。