影响中国夏季降水的前冬北半球中高纬大气环流年际变异主模态

本文利用观测和再分析资料,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition, SVD)分析,发现北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)是显著影响中国夏季降水年际异常的前冬中高纬大气环流变异的主模态。AO在冬季发展成熟,在春季衰亡,在夏季发生位相反转。AO会导致华北、东北、长江中下游和华南夏季降水异常呈现三极型分布。伴随正位相的AO,在黄海至日本海上空的异常低压伴随的东北风异常引起华北和东北水汽通量异常辐散及降水减少,而西北太平洋的异常高压不仅增强其北侧的西南风水汽输送,和北部异常低压共同作用导致长江中下游水汽通量异常辐合及降水增加,而且使得华南水汽通量异常辐散,降水减少。因此,本文发现的前冬AO模态与我国夏季三极型异常降水分布的关系可为我国夏季旱涝预测提供一个重要的中高纬前期因子。     

中国东部夏季季节内降水异常及其伴随的热带和中高纬度大气环流演变特征

利用1981—2020年夏季(5—8月)CPC(Climate Prediction Center)逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料以及NOAA的向外长波辐射资料,通过经验正交函数(EOF)分解、超前滞后合成等方法,分析了中国东部夏季季节内降水异常的主要模态(即南方型和江淮型降水异常)及其伴随的热带和中高...     

020106 西太平洋暖池区海表水温暖异常对东亚夏季风影响的研究

对夏季热带西太平洋暖池区海表水温暖异常年的东亚大气环流做了合成分析,然后用奇异值分解(SVD)方法做了进一步统计检验,揭示了东亚夏季风变异与暖池区海表水温异常的密切关系和它们间最佳耦合模态.结果发现当夏季暖池区暖异常时,在对流层低层西太平洋地区可产生一个强的反气旋偏差环流,使得副热带高压南侧东风气流大大加强,并向西伸展到中南半岛南部,从而影响了东南亚热带和副热带地区西南季风的变化(强/弱).中南半岛至中国东部大陆夏季风增强,赤道东印度洋、南海南部和中部、西太平洋热带地区夏季风减弱.SVD分析还发现经向风和纬向风与海表水温之间各存在两个最佳耦合模态,结果表明,不仅整个暖池海表水温暖/冷异常对东亚大气环流异常有重要影响,而且暖池区内海表水温有显著的暖和冷异常差异时,对东亚大气环流的影响也很明显(耦合总体平方协方差约占总体协方差的0.20),尤其是在南海至长江以南地区.     

2019年12月吉林省降水异常偏多成因分析

本文从大尺度大气环流和海温异常方面对2019年12月吉林省降水异常成因进行分析,并探究前期秋季日本附近关键区海温异常对吉林省12月降水异常的可能影响。结果表明：1981—2019年吉林省12月降水有明显增多的趋势,在降水年代际偏多的气候背景下,2019年12月吉林全省降水量为常年同期的227.5%,居1981年以来同期多雨雪第4位。前期秋季日本附近关键区海温异常偏暖是12月吉林省降水异常偏多的驱动条件之一,在前期海温异常偏暖年：鄂霍茨克海至日本上空为异常反气旋,阻塞高压活跃,贝加尔湖附近地区为负高度距平,东亚冬季风系统减弱,局地海温的异常升高使其上空的水汽含量增加,配合东亚冬季风异常为吉林省上空带来了充足的水汽;另一方面,由于中纬度45°N附近为西风距平,为东北地区带来冷空气,在槽前正涡度平流作用下,有上升运动,为降水提供了动力条件。在前期海温异常偏冷年：中国东北地区盛行西风,东亚冬季风偏强,中国东部沿海有北风异常,西伯利亚高压偏强,吉林省降水的水汽和动力条件不足,降水异常偏少。     

A possible cause of the AO polarity reversal from winter to summer in 2010 and its relation to hemispheric extreme summer weather

In 2010, the Northern Hemisphere, in particular Russia and Japan, experienced an abnormally hot summer characterized by record-breaking warm temperatures and associated with a strongly positive Arctic Oscillation (AO), that is, low pressure in the Arctic and high pressure in the midlatitudes. In contrast, the AO index the previous winter and spring (2009/2010) was record-breaking negative. The AO polarity reversal that began in summer 2010 can explain the abnormally hot summer. The winter sea surface temperatures (SST) in the North Atlantic Ocean showed a tripolar anomaly pattern—warm SST anomalies over the tropics and high latitudes and cold SST anomalies over the midlatitudes—under the influence of the negative AO. The warm SST anomalies continued into summer 2010 because of the large oceanic heat capacity. A model simulation strongly suggested that the AO-related summertime North Atlantic oceanic warm temperature anomalies remotely caused blocking highs to form over Europe, which amplified the positive summertime AO. Thus, a possible cause of the AO polarity reversal might be the “memory” of the negative winter AO in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting an interseasonal linkage of the AO in which the oceanic memory of a wintertime negative AO induces a positive AO in the following summer. Understanding of this interseasonal linkage may aid in the long-term prediction of such abnormal summer events.     

华南冬末春初降水变异关联主模态及机理

基于1951—2018年再分析资料和观测的降水量资料,采用联合经验正交函数分解的方法,分析了华南冬末春初(2、3月)降水年际变异特征,并讨论了相应的环流背景及物理机制。华南2、3月降水变异的第一关联主模态反映出全区2、3月同相变化,第二模态呈现反相变化。第一模态的降水异常与ENSO关联的热带海温异常分布有关,其导致的西太平洋异常反气旋的维持使得2、3月的降水持续出现同相异常。第二模态的降水异常与中高纬度的大气环流异常有关：2月表现为欧亚遥相关型,3月则表现为北极涛动型。第二模态2、3月位势高度异常型的转变分别与北大西洋的热通量的异常变化及平流层极涡信号的下传有关：当2月北大西洋热通量正异常显著时,500 hPa高度场呈现欧亚遥相关(EU)负位相的分布;平流层极涡异常信号在3月下传达到对流层低层,使得3月对流层极涡增强,有利于北极涛动(AO)正位相的形成。2、3月欧亚大陆上空分别在EU遥相关型和AO型环流异常的影响下,导致了华南地区上空的大气环流的辐合辐散异常,并最终造成2、3月华南的降水量反相异常的出现。     

2015/2016超强El Nio对中国南方冬春季降水的影响分析

利用1981—2016年的中国160站降水资料、OISST海温资料和NCEP/NCAR大气环流资料,对比分析了中等强度El Nio和2015/2016超强El Nio对中国东南部、江淮流域和西南地区冬春季降水影响的异同。结果表明:在中等强度El Nio的冬季,偏暖的赤道中东太平洋海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)所激发的西北太平洋和日本附近的异常反气旋环流,其异常的西南风会加强南海—西北太平洋的水汽向中国东部输送,造成中国东南部和江淮流域的降水一致偏多。2015/2016超强El Nio的冬季,赤道中东太平洋SST的强度异常偏强,中国东部异常偏冷的表面气温和对流层低层温度加强大陆冷高压,长江流域及其以北地区受异常强的北风控制,从而造成中国东南部降水增多、江淮流域降水减少。在2015/2016超强El Nio事件衰减位相的春季,中国东南部和西南部降水的增加主要归因于异常偏暖的西北印度洋和东南印度洋SST的作用。经CAM5模式试验证明,西北印度洋异常偏暖的SST引起了北印度洋的异常西南风,激发了孟加拉湾—西北太平洋的异常反气旋,加强了印度洋和南海—西北太平洋的水汽向中国西南和东南部输送。此外,东南印度洋异常偏暖的SST还会激发局地异常上升运动,通过经向垂直环流加强南海—西北太平洋异常下沉运动,诱使中国东南部的上升运动加强,导致降水增多。     

Interannual Variability of Autumn Precipitation over South China and its Relation to Atmospheric Circulation and SST Anomalies

The interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies are examined using the autumn precipitation data of 160 stations in China and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1951 to 2004. Results indicate a strong interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its positive correlation with the autumn western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）. In the flood years, the WPSH ridge line lies over the south of South China and the strengthened ridge over North Asia triggers cold air to move southward. Furthermore, there exists a significantly anomalous updraft and cyclone with the northward stream strengthened at 850 hPa and a positive anomaly center of meridional moisture transport strengthening the northward warm and humid water transport over South China. These display the reverse feature in drought years. The autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China correlates positively with SST in the western Pacific and North Pacific, whereas a negative correlation occurs in the South Indian Ocean in July. The time of the strongest lag-correlation coefficients between SST and autumn precipitation over South China is about two months, implying that the SST of the three ocean areas in July might be one of the predictors for autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China. Discussion about the linkage among July SSTs in the western Pacific, the autumn WPSH and autumn precipitation over South China suggests that SST anomalies might contribute to autumn precipitation through its close relation to the autumn WPSH.     

北太平洋增暖对我国西北秋雨的影响

利用1979-2012年我国160站逐月降水资料、NOAA全球海洋表面温度资料和NCEP-DOE大气环流再分析资料,采用统计分析方法研究了北太平洋海表增暖对我国西北秋雨年代际变化的影响。结果表明:西北秋雨在2000年前后经历了年代际跃变,1986-1999年为少雨期,2000-2012年为多雨期。进一步分析表明:西北秋雨的年代际变化与北太平洋海表增暖关系密切,北太平洋海温偏暖时,东亚一北太平洋地区的大气温度升高,引起东亚地区的南北温差减弱,使东亚西风急流减弱,急流中心偏北,东亚中纬度地区气压升高,导致异常东风水汽输送带偏强,造成西北秋雨异常偏多。     

Interdecadal variation of April mean rainfall in Korea

The statistical change-point analysis demonstrates that there is a climate regime shift in the April mean precipitation in Korea in 1981. The April mean precipitation in the years post-1981 showed a distinct decrease compared to the years pre-1981. This phenomenon was also noticed in China and Japan, excluding south China. One of the major causes for this decrease in April mean precipitation was the increased snow depth in the mid-latitude regions of continental East Asia. This resulted in a strengthened cold and dry anticyclone anomaly over continental East Asia and a relatively weakened subtropical anticyclone anomaly over the western North Pacific, thus forcing a continuation of the typical winter pressure pattern of “high-West and low-East” in East Asia in April. The strengthened northerly anomaly from this zonal pressure pattern anomaly played a significant role in restricting the northern movement of the subtropical anticyclone and preventing the inflow of warm and humid air into Korea.

     

CMIP5模式对春季北极涛动影响后期冬季ENSO不对称性的模拟能力分析

根据观测资料的研究指出春季北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)对随后冬季厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino–Southern Oscillation, ENSO)的影响具有明显不对称性。春季AO处于正位相时,它对随后冬季厄尔尼诺(El Nino)事件的影响显著,然而春季AO负位相对随后冬季拉尼娜(La Nina)的影响不明显。本研究分析了30个来自CMIP5的耦合模式对春季AO与随后冬季ENSO不对称性关系的模拟能力。30个CMIP5耦合模式中,只有CNRM-CM5和GISS-E2-H-CC模式能较好地抓住春季AO与冬季ENSO的联系。进一步分析这两个模式中春季AO与冬季ENSO的不对称性关系,发现CNRM-CM5模式能较好地再现春季AO与冬季ENSO的非对称关系,即春季AO正(负)位相会导致赤道中东太平洋出现El Nino(La Nina)型海表温度增暖(冷却)。然而,GISS-E2-H-CC模式的模拟结果显示,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO的影响是对称的。本文随后解释了CNRM-CM5(GISS-E2-H-CC)模式能(不能)模拟出春季AO与冬季ENSO不对称关系的原因。对于CNRMCM5模式,在春季AO正位相年,副热带西北太平洋上空存在明显的异常气旋和正降水异常,正降水异常通过Gill型大气响应对赤道西太平洋异常西风的形成和维持起着重要作用,异常西风通过激发向东传播的暖赤道Kelvin波对随后冬季El Nino事件的发生产生显著的影响;然而,在春季AO负位相年,副热带北太平洋的异常反气旋和负降水异常较弱,导致赤道西太平洋的异常东风不明显,因此,春季AO负异常对随后冬季La Nina的影响不显著。所以,CNRM-CM5模式能够较好地抓住春季AO对随后冬季ENSO事件的非对称性影响。相比之下,对于GISS-E2-H-CC模式,春季AO正(负)位相年副热带西北太平洋上存在显著的正(负)降水异常,通过Gill型大气响应在赤道西太平洋激发出明显的异常西(东)风从而影响随后冬季的El Nino(La Nina)事件。因此,在GISS-E2-H-CC模式中,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO具有对称性影响。另外,模式捕捉春季AO对随后冬季ENSO非对称性影响的能力与模式对春季AO空间结构的模拟能力有一定的联系。     

江南雨季降水与前期西太平洋暖池热含量异常的关系及其可能机制

利用日本气象厅提供的历史海温资料、Hadley环流中心逐月海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,简称SST)资料、美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及江南地区逐旬降水资料,研究江南地区4—6月(江南雨季,亦泛称为华南前汛期)降水与前期暖池热含量异常的关系,并对可能的影响机制进行分析。研究结果表明,前期暖池热含量与江南雨季降水有密切的负相关关系,前期7—8月暖池关键区(130. 5°～150. 5°E,3. 5°～11. 5°N)热含量高(低)可以作为预报江南雨季旱(涝)的一个很好的指标。前期暖池热含量异常对4—6月环流和降水有重要影响。冷水年,菲律宾异常反气旋导致副高西伸加强,显著加强了其西侧暖湿气流向江南地区输送,高层辐散抽吸作用导致江南地区对流上升运动增强,暖水年相反,表明冷(暖)水年江南雨季降水偏多(少)。就影响机制而言,在前期夏季,关键区南侧存在异常强西风,导致在秋末形成了菲律宾异常反气旋,以及关键区附近(东侧)有冷(暖)海表温度异常发展,在当年春季和夏初该反气旋移到菲律宾以北。直到4月,次表层冷水团上传导致冷SST异常维持并加强了该异常反气旋,其西侧西南暖湿气流将水汽从南海和菲律宾海地区源源不断地向江南地区输送。同时,西印度洋暖海温和赤道印度洋东风异常也逐渐发展增强,在热带印度洋形成东西向异常垂直环流,其下沉支始终在西太平洋维持,导致了菲律宾异常反气旋的维持,并进一步引起江南地区的水汽辐合和上升运动。同时,副热带西风急流轴南压引起的高空强辐散,也有利于上升运动和对流活动在江南地区发展。正是上述过程和机制,导致了前期热含量异常偏低(高)时,我国江南雨季降水偏多(少)。     

Joint Impacts of SSTA in Tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans on Variations of the WPSH

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and HadISST sea surface temperature (SST) data, the joint effects of the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific on variations of area of the summertime western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) for period 1980–2016 are investigated. It is demonstrated that the central tropical Indian Ocean (CTI) and central equatorial Pacific (CEP) are two key oceanic regions that affect the summertime WPSH. During autumn and winter, warm SST anomalies (SSTAs) in CEP force the Walker circulation to change anomalously, resulting in divergence anomalies over the western Pacific and Maritime Continent (MC). Due to the Gill-type response, the abnormal anticyclonic circulation is generated over the western Pacific and South China Sea (SCS). In the subsequent spring, the warm SSTAs in CEP weaken, while the SST over CTI demonstrates a lagged response to Pacific SSTA. The warm CTISSTA and CEP-SSTA cooperate with the eastward propagation of cold Kelvin waves in the western Pacific, leading to the eastward shift of the abnormal divergence center that originally locates at the western Pacific and MC. The anticyclone forced by this divergence subsequently moves eastward, leading to the intensification of the negative vorticity there. Meanwhile, warm SSTA in CTI triggers eastward propagating Kelvin waves, which lead to easterly anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean and Indonesia, being favorable for maintenance and intensification of the anticyclone over the SCS and western Pacific. The monsoonal meridional–vertical circulation strengthens, which is favorable for the intensification of the WPSH. Using SSTA over the two key oceanic regions as predictors, a multiple regression model is successfully constructed for prediction of WPSH area. These results are useful for our better understanding the variation mechanisms of WPSH and better predicting summer climate in East Asia.     

PJ遥相关型对长江中下游夏季降水影响的不对称性

利用1979-2015年海洋和大气再分析资料,基于夏季太平洋-日本遥相关型(PJ)指数,讨论了PJ指数在极端正负年份长江中下游降水位置和强度异常的不对称响应及其可能原因。结果表明:在PJ负位相年(对应El Niňo次年),长江中下游降水显著偏多,中心分别位于江淮流域和日本南部;而在PJ正位相年(对应La Niňa次年),长江中下游降水减少却不明显。研究发现:在PJ负位相年,中东太平洋、印度洋、南海地区海温明显偏暖,菲律宾海上空有异常反气旋响应,长江中下游地区有异常气旋响应;而在PJ正位相年则反之。在PJ负(正)位相年,菲律宾海异常反气旋(气旋)和长江中下游地区异常气旋(反气旋)明显偏强(偏弱),由此导致长江中下游降水位置和强度异常存在不对称响应。基于大气环流模式ECHAM4.8的敏感性数值试验结果表明,即使印度洋海温偏暖与偏冷程度相当,但由偏暖印度洋海温激发的菲律宾海异常反气旋也明显偏强,从而造成长江中下游地区降水偏多程度大于偏少程度。由此印证的事实是:El Niňo次年(PJ负位相年)长江中下游夏季降水偏多的预测技巧高于La Niňa次年夏季降水偏少的预测技巧。     

Different Relationships Between Spring SST in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and Summer Precipitation in China

Observational and reanalysis data are used to investigate the different relationships between boreal spring sea surface temperature （SST） in the Indian and Pacific oceans and summer precipitation in China. Partial correlation analysis reveals that the effects of spring Indian Ocean SST （IO SST） and Pacific SST （PSST） anomalies on summer precipitation in China are qualitatively opposite. When IO SST anomalies are considered independently of PSST anomalies, precipitation decreases south of the Yangtze River, in most areas of Inner Mongolia, and in some parts of Liaoning Province, and increases in the Yangtze River valley, parts of southwestern and northern China, northeastern Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang Province. This results in a negative-positive-negative-positive pattern of precipitation anomalies in China from south to north. When PSST anomalies （particularly those in the Nin o3.4 region） are considered independently of IO SST anomalies, the pattern of precipitation anomalies in China is positive-negative-positive-negative from south to north. The genesis of summer precipitation anomalies in China is also examined when El Nin o-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） signals are removed from the ocean and atmosphere. An anticyclonic low-level wind anomaly forms in the South China Sea-Northwest Pacific area when the IO SST anomaly （SSTA） is warm and the Northwest Pacific SSTA is cold. This anticyclonic anomaly substantially influences summer precipitation in China. Anomalous warming of tropical IO SST induces positive geopotential height anomalies in the subtropics and an east-west dipole pattern in midlatitudes over Asia. These anomalies also affect summer precipitation in China.     

Cross-season relation of the South China Sea precipitation variability between winter and summer

The present study reveals cross-season connections of rainfall variability in the South China Sea (SCS) region between winter and summer. Rainfall anomalies over northern South China Sea in boreal summer tend to be preceded by the same sign rainfall anomalies over southern South China Sea in boreal winter (denoted as in-phase relation) and succeeded by opposite sign rainfall anomalies over southern South China Sea in the following winter (denoted as out-of-phase relation). Analysis shows that the in-phase relation from winter to summer occurs more often in El Niño/La Niña decaying years and the out-of-phase relation from summer to winter appears more frequently in El Niño/La Niña developing years. In the summer during the El Niño/La Niña decaying years, cold/warm and warm/cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies develop in tropical central North Pacific and the North Indian Ocean, respectively, forming an east–west contrast pattern. The in-phase relation is associated with the influence of anomalous heating/cooling over the equatorial central Pacific during the mature phase of El Niño/La Niña events that suppresses/enhances precipitation over southern South China Sea and the impact of the above east–west SST anomaly pattern that reduces/increases precipitation over northern South China Sea during the following summer. The impact of the east–west contrast SST anomaly pattern is confirmed by numerical experiments with specified SST anomalies. In the El Niño/La Niña developing years, regional air-sea interactions induce cold/warm SST anomalies in the equatorial western North Pacific. The out-of-phase relation is associated with a Rossby wave type response to anomalous heating/cooling over the equatorial central Pacific during summer and the combined effect of warm/cold SST anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific and cold/warm SST anomalies in the western North Pacific during the mature phase of El Niño/La Niña events.     

前期热带太平洋次表层海温异常与东亚夏季风的可能联系

利用1979—2012年日本气象厅次表层海温资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了前期冬季热带太平洋次表层海温与东亚夏季风的关系,并讨论了其可能机制。结果表明,前期冬季热带太平洋次表层海温与后期东亚夏季风强弱有显著的相关关系。冬季次表层海温呈现东正西负的类El Nio分布型时,夏季副热带高压偏强,西北太平洋地区受反气旋型环流控制,能将大量的水汽输送到长江和淮河流域,有利于水汽在该区域辐合,为夏季降水偏多创造了条件,此时东亚夏季风活动整体偏弱,反之亦然。但类El Nio分布型对东亚夏季气候变化的影响较类La Nia分布型更显著。此外,冬季热带太平洋次表层海温可能通过其自身能够持续性地影响东亚—太平洋地区的大气环流异常,次表层海温随季节变化有明显的发展和移动趋势:冬季西太平洋暖池次表层冷(暖)海温不断堆积,沿温跃层向东传播使得中东太平洋次表层海温逐渐变冷(暖),冷(暖)海温上翻加强使得海表温度异常,进一步影响到西太平洋副热带高压的位置和强度,并在东亚地区形成经向遥相关波列,通过西北太平洋地区异常反气旋(气旋)环流的作用,影响东亚地区大气环流以及气候变化。     

1986—1987年北半球冬季亚澳地区大气环流异常及其与西太平洋SST异常的联系

1986—1987年冬季亚澳地区大气环流异常主要表现在北半球中纬盛行纬向气流,副热带西风急流、西太平洋副热带高压脊及ITCZ位置异常偏北;西北太平洋热带气旋活动频繁;赤道盛行异常西风和异常南风;澳大利亚海平面气压偏高等现象。在这种大气环流异常形势下,东亚地区冬季风偏弱,冷空气主要在偏北地区东移,温度异常偏高,中国北方降水偏多,南方降水偏少。与此同时,澳大利亚夏季风偏弱并推迟一个月建立,整个澳大利亚地区降水偏少。大气环流异常是从低纬开始的。ITCZ位置异常偏于北半球,比其他环流系统异常要早一个月以上发生。1986年夏季以来,西太平洋赤道附近及其偏北地区SST始终维持异常偏高,可能是造成ITCZ异常偏北的原因,并进而引起瓦克环流减弱和南方涛动指数(SOI)偏低,从而对1986—1987年的ENSO事件的发生起了促进的作用。1986年夏秋季节西北太平洋30°N950hPa上北风异常,冬季南风异常又可能是引起西太平洋SST异常分布的原因,因此,1986—1987年冬季亚澳地区的异常事件必须从海—气相互作用的观点来加以说明。      

广东2月“冷干”和“暖干”年代际特征对比及其与海温异常的联系

根据1961—2019年广东86个站点的降水和气温以及大气环流和海温资料,采用统计分析方法,研究广东2月降水和气温的时空分布特征及其相应的大气环流与海温特征。结果表明:近59年广东2月有两个年代际降水偏少时段,但对应的气温特征显著不同,分别是1961—1981年“冷干”和1999—2019年“暖干”,其对应的大气环流特征表明,第一时段1961—1981年（第二时段1999—2019年）500 hPa高度场以经向（纬向）环流为主,东亚大槽偏强（弱）,东亚冬季风偏强（弱）,低层受异常北（南）风控制,地面冷高压偏强（弱）,偏强的冷空气阻碍了来自海上的水汽输送（偏弱的冷空气不能南下至广东）,使得广东处于水汽辐散区（青藏高原表现为反气旋式环流,南支系统不活跃,对广东地区水汽输送不足）,最终导致广东2月低温少雨（高温少雨）。进一步的分析表明,热带东太平洋和北太平洋中部海温异常是影响广东2月降水的重要外强迫因子,其中第一时段1961—1981年（第二时段1999—2019年）是热带东太平洋（北太平洋中部）海温异常偏冷（暖）通过850 hPa经向风切变偏弱（北太平洋中部异常反气旋环流）来影响广东降水。热带印度洋全区一致型、西太平洋暖池区和北太平洋中部海温异常是影响广东2月气温的外强迫因子,其中前两者主要通过东亚大槽这一环流影响广东气温,而北太平洋中部海温仅影响“暖干”期下广东2月的气温。      

我国东部梅雨期降水的年际和年代际变化特征及其与大气环流和海温的关系

基于我国160站59年(1951～2009年)的月降水观测资料、美国气象环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)提供的再分析资料和Hadley中心的海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,简称SST)资料,对我国东部(100°E以东,15°N～40°N)梅雨期(6月和7月)降水的时空变化特...