广西主汛期降水量异常诊断分析

通过对广西主汛期降水量的分析 ,初步确定了异常偏多和异常偏少年 ,分析广西主汛期平均降水量与太平洋海温场和大气环流的关系 ,筛选影响广西降水量的海温和 5 0 0 h Pa位势高度场因子 ;建立降水异常的统计诊断模型及概念诊断预测模型。     

广西冬季霜冻的诊断模型

通过对广西历年霜冻异常偏重年的统计分析 ,确定广西霜冻异常重年的指标 ,找出广西霜冻的海温和大气环流因子 ,建立统计诊断模型及广西重霜冻年的概念预测模型     

影响广西的热带气旋年频数的BP神经网络预测模型

对影响广西的热带气旋(TC)年频数与大气环流的关系进行分析表明,TC年频数与全球范围大气环流异常有密切关系,特别是春季南半球中高纬度环流异常和低纬越赤道气流异常.利用相关分析从春季全球大气环流场中选择初选预报因子,然后对初选预报因子作EOF展开构造综合预报因子,运用BP神经网络方法建立TC年频数预报模型,并对所建立的模型进行独立样本试验.结果表明,该预报模型对历史样本拟合精度高,试报效果优于传统的逐步回归模型,可在汛期预测业务中应用.     

大西洋海温异常对东亚夏季大气环流影响的数值试验

近年来人们对东亚夏季大气环流年际异常及其机制已经进行了不少研究,一般认为外强迫作用尤其是热带太平洋海温异常是大气异常产生的重要原因之一,相对而言,大西洋海温异常作用及其对东亚夏季大气环流和季风环流的影响没有得到足够的重视,Rowntree(1976)和Gamb等(1987)先后研究了大西洋海温异常对冬季北半球大气的影响,表明通过激发欧亚型(EU)波列完全可以引起冬季亚洲大气环流异常。本文目的主要是研究大西洋海温增暖对夏季东亚大气环流特别是季风环流的影响及其可能的机制。     

广西冬季霜冻的诊断模型

通过对广西历年霜冻异常偏重年的统计分析，确定广西霜冻异常重年的指标，找出广西霜冻的海温和大气环流因子，建立统计诊断模型及广西重冻年的概念预测模型。     

赤道东太平洋海温异常对夏季东亚大气环流的影响

采用统计诊断和数值试验方法讨论了赤道东太平洋海温异常对东亚夏季大气环流异常的影响，研究表明赤道东太平洋海温的持续异常，引起南海－菲律宾附近地区对流异常的持续，从而导致东亚大气环流的持续异常；同时指出春季赤道东太平洋海温异常和夏季海温异常对夏季东亚大气环流的影响并非是线性叠加，海温持续性异常对东亚夏季气环流的影响在季节时间尺度上存在非线性相互作用。     

南半球大气环流与广西夏季降雨

本文研究了广西夏季（６－８月）降水与同期、前期南半球海平面气压场和５００ｈＰａ大气环流的遥相关关系，探讨了南半球大气环流有关系统对广西夏季降水的可能影响。     

1月中国地温异常与北半球500hpa高度场异常关系的合成分析

在对中国区域１月份０．８ｍ月平均地温距平场进行ＥＯＦ分析的基础上，研究了中国地温异常与北半球５００ｈＰａ高度异常的关系。结果表明：地温异常与大气环流有一定的关系；与地温异常同月和前一月的大气环流距平分布相似，而与后一月的大气环流不同。进一步分析表明，前一月的大气环流异常至少部分地激发了１月份的地温异常，反过来地温又影响大气环流。     

2011年盛夏广西西北部特大干旱的环流异常特征

利用1960~2011年广西西北部16个气象观测站逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料、NOAA向外长波辐射资料和国家气候中心提供的环流特征量资料,分析了广西西北部地区以往盛夏干旱年的中高纬环流、西太平洋副热带高压和水汽输送特征,重点探讨了2011年盛夏(7~8月)广西西北部特大干旱大气环流的异常特征。结果表明,2011年是1960年以来广西西北部盛夏降水最少的年份。广西西北部2011年盛夏大气环流与以往盛夏干旱年明显不同的是,西太平洋副热带高压较常年异常偏弱偏东,脊线位置明显偏北,中高纬环流平直,乌拉尔山地区和东北亚区域没有明显阻塞高压形势,冷空气活动比常年弱;印缅槽活动较常年偏弱,由南向北的水汽输送明显偏弱,广西西北部上空存在有弱的水汽通量辐散,垂直运动和对流活动均较常年偏弱,这些环流特征均不利于产生降水,造成2011年盛夏广西西北部地区出现特大干旱。     

合成平均图分析在2003年高温天气预报中的应用

大气环流异常对中短期天气变化有着重要影响。利用数值预报产品制作特征要素的合成平均图,是准定量分析前期大气环流异常对中短期天气变化造成影响的有效途径之一,也是对数值预报产品进行合理有效解释应用的一个重要方向。通过利用欧洲中心格点资料制作预报和历史同期合成平均图,结合本地经验指标进行分析比较,并根据临近天气形势进行中短期预报订正,是2003年广西持续性大范围高温天气过程成功预报的关键。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...