共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
在小麦的生长发育过程中,常会遇到各种各样的农业气候灾害,尤其是小麦返青以后,农业气候灾害对小麦的生长发育影响更大,气候灾害较轻的会使小麦减产,严重的有可能使小麦绝收。为了更好的掌握农业气候灾害对小麦所产生的影响,做到早防早治,现将小麦返青至收获期间农业气候灾害对小麦生长发育的影响做一分析。1干旱对于干旱来说,在小麦的各个发育阶段都可能发生。在播期发生干旱,土壤墒情不好时,对小麦的播种不利,播后小麦出苗不全,易造成断垄现象的发生。在苗期,如果发生干旱,小麦生长发育受到抑制,不利于冬前分美的发生,不… 相似文献
3.
4.
为了给单季晚稻条纹叶枯病农业气象预测提供技术依据,使用数理统计分析方法对2007和2008年上海市10个区(县)移栽稻和直播稻95个样本单季晚稻条纹叶枯病病株率田间考查资料和同期气象资料进行分析。得出:在条纹叶枯病病毒满足的情况下,影响单季晚稻条纹叶枯病发生的首要因子是品种,品种抗性强弱与条纹叶枯病病株率间的偏相关系数为-0.622(P〈0.01);其次是单季晚稻播栽期至7叶期间的平均空气相对湿度,与条纹叶枯病病株率间的偏相关系数为-0.293(P〈0.01);单季晚稻播栽期早晚对条纹叶枯病的影响是通过播栽期至7叶期间的空气相对湿度影响条纹叶枯病的发生,单季晚稻播栽期与条纹叶枯病病株率、播栽期至7叶期间空气平均相对湿度的偏相关系数分别为-0.036和0.309(P〈0.01)。因此在业务预报工作中,应重点考虑单季晚稻品种及播栽期至7叶期间的空气相对湿度。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
小麦吸浆虫的发生程度与温度、湿度、日照密切相关。适宜的气温、湿度及日照条件以及2005年土壤中虫源基数较高,是2006年禹州吸浆虫发生严重的主要原因。依据温度条件,建立了吸浆虫发生期预测方程;依据温湿条件,建立了发生量预测方法。此外,还提出了麦播期、孕穗期(蛹期)和抽穗期(成虫期)的防治方法。 相似文献
9.
1对小麦生产的影响 1.1播期雨水多有利播种,苗期光热足有利生长2000年度麦播期10月份,全省降水57~154 mm,比上年同期偏多50~129 mm,比常年同期偏多10~79 mm.全省大部分地市小麦能足墒下种,麦播基础是近几年较好的一年,但部分地市由于降水偏多,小麦播期比常年推迟3~8天,加之气温一直偏低,部分土壤湿度过大的田块小麦出苗缓慢. 相似文献
10.
1975—1980年中较严重的死苗现象发生四年。关于小麦越冬期间死苗的原因,观点不一,如有的强调是低温冻死的;有的说是播种过早因旺长受冻害而死,播种过晚因苗弱冻死;还有的认为是品种问题等。这些说法都有一定的道理,但都又不够全面,没有抓住冬小麦越冬期间死苗的本质问题。 通过近几年死苗现象的分析和实际调查我们认为越冬期前和越冬期间水分供应不足越冬初期的气温骤变和播期过早是冬小麦越冬期间造成大面积死亡和严重冻害的主导因素。 相似文献
11.
石家庄地区日光温室冬季小气候特征及其与大气候的关系 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
根据2006—2007年、2008—2009年冬季日光温室内小气候和附近气象站观测资料,利用相关和逐步回归分析,对不同天气状况下石家庄地区日光温室冬季小气候特征及其与外界的关系进行了研究。结果表明,晴天和少云-多云天气下日光温室内的气温、空气相对湿度、接受到的最大太阳辐射有明显的日变化;连续寡照时,室内全天气温低,空气湿度大,不利于蔬菜正常生长发育。影响日光温室内小气候的主要因子有外界的日照时数、平均气温、最低气温、最高气温、空气湿度、云量以及温室内前一天的最高气温等。建立了日光温室内外气象要素的相关模型,经拟合检验和应用检验,不同天气状况下日光温室内日最低气温、最高气温、空气最小相对湿度、接受到的最大太阳辐射的平均绝对误差分别在1.1℃、2.5℃、5.8%、58.3W·m~(-2)以内,平均相对误差大部分在10%以内,具有较高的精度。 相似文献
12.
13.
Impacts of extreme weather on wheat and maize in France: evaluating regional crop simulations against observed data 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marijn van der Velde Francesco N. Tubiello Anton Vrieling Fay?al Bouraoui 《Climatic change》2012,113(3-4):751-765
Extreme weather conditions can strongly affect agricultural production, with negative impacts that can at times be detected at regional scales. In France, crop yields were greatly influenced by drought and heat stress in 2003 and by extremely wet conditions in 2007. Reported regional maize and wheat yields where historically low in 2003; in 2007 wheat yields were lower and maize yields higher than long-term averages. An analysis with a spatial version (10?×?10?km) of the EPIC crop model was tested with regards to regional crop yield anomalies of wheat and maize resulting from extreme weather events in France in 2003 and 2007, by comparing simulated results against reported regional crops statistics, as well as using remotely sensed soil moisture data. Causal relations between soil moisture and crop yields were specifically analyzed. Remotely sensed (AMSR-E) JJA soil moisture correlated significantly with reported regional crop yield for 2002–2007. The spatial correlation between JJA soil moisture and wheat yield anomalies was positive in dry 2003 and negative in wet 2007. Biweekly soil moisture data correlated positively with wheat yield anomalies from the first half of June until the second half of July in 2003. In 2007, the relation was negative the first half of June until the second half of August. EPIC reproduced observed soil dynamics well, and it reproduced the negative wheat and maize yield anomalies of the 2003 heat wave and drought, as well as the positive maize yield anomalies in wet 2007. However, it did not reproduce the negative wheat yield anomalies due to excessive rains and wetness in 2007. Results indicated that EPIC, in line with other crop models widely used at regional level in climate change studies, is capable of capturing the negative impacts of droughts on crop yields, while it fails to reproduce negative impacts of heavy rain and excessively wet conditions on wheat yield, due to poor representations of critical factors affecting plant growth and management. Given that extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and perhaps severity in coming decades, improved model representation of crop damage due to extreme events is warranted in order to better quantify future climate change impacts and inform appropriate adaptation responses. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Petr Kolář Miroslav Trnka Rudolf Brázdil Petr Hlavinka 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(3-4):707-721
The paper aims to study the variability of spring barley and winter wheat yields, the most important crops in the Czech Republic, with respect to the variability of weather and climatic factors. Yields of both crops have been studied for 13 districts in Southern Moravia for the 1961–2007 period. From detrended series of spring barley and winter wheat yields, years with very low (lower than the mean minus a 2.5-multiple of the standard deviation) and extremely low (interval given by the mean minus a 1.5- and 2.5-multiple of the standard deviation) yields were selected. Years in which at least one of the districts had extremely low/very low yields were further analyzed. From 10 such years selected separately for spring barley and winter wheat, six of them agreed for both crops. Extreme years were studied using NUTS4-level yield data with respect to temperature, precipitation, the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), snow cover, frost patterns, and the onset and duration of select phenophases. Extremely/very low barley yields in 1993, 2000, and 2007 were related to high April–June (AMJ) temperatures, low AMJ precipitation totals, and negative AMJ scPDSI (indicating drought) with an earlier onset of flowering and full ripeness and shorter intervals from tillering to flowering and from flowering to full ripeness compared to the entire 1961–2007 mean. As for extremely/very low winter wheat yields, in addition to the previously mentioned factors, winter patterns also played an important role, particularly the occurrence of severe frosts with a coinciding lack of snow cover and a long-lasting snow cover (in highlands), indicating that low yields are the result of not only one unfavorable factor but a combination of several of them. 相似文献
17.
18.
利用1971—2008年柯坪站的地面气象资料及周边气象站的气候整编资料,分析了该地区的沙尘天气变化特征。结果表明:该地区沙尘天气以浮尘为主,扬沙次之,沙尘暴最少;具有明显的季节变化和年际变化,每年3—9月是沙尘天气的多发时段;浮尘年日数近38 a来无明显变化,沙尘暴和扬沙日数呈明显减少趋势;沙尘天气总体分布自东向西逐渐增多。沙尘天气与当地降水量和大风的关系密切,降水偏多的年份,沙尘天气偏少,在吹偏西北风时易出现沙尘天气。 相似文献
19.
对风暴相对螺旋度(SRH)的定义进行了介绍。通过对2007-2008年石家庄地区27次强对流天气过程进行了统计分析,找出短时暴雨、冰雹、大风任意组合时高、低层SRH的不同特征,得到不同天气现象的预报指标,并利用2009年的几次强对流天气过程进行了验证。结果表明:出现短时暴雨时,SRH低经常连续较长时间为正值,但数值较小,SRH高也是以正值为主;伴有冰雹或者大风时,SRH低、SRH高的差值迅速增大,SRH高可达到100m2•s-2或以上。 相似文献
20.
2008年1月中旬~3月中旬,四川省甘孜州石渠县发生特大雪灾冻害,尽管此次灾害是在全国大范围低温雨雪冰冻灾害的背景下发生的,但在很多方面都有其特殊性,尤其是局地性特征突出。为今后更好地做好雪灾冻害预测预报及防御工作,作者对此次极端灾害性天气气候事件造成的影响和成因及防灾减灾效果进行了认真分析。结果表明,此次雪灾冻害的强度之大,持续时间之长,危害和损失之重均为当地有气象记录以来少有;2007年8月~2008年5月的拉尼娜事件造成的大气环流异常、地面冷空气活动频繁、西太平洋副热带高压异常偏北、南支槽异常活跃是石渠发生特大雪灾冻害的重要原因,当地特殊的地理位置和地形是雪灾冻害的又一个客观因素;天气气候预报预测、气象服务和相关部门同步开展的防灾救灾工作对最大限度地减轻灾害造成的损失作用明显。 相似文献