首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
张涵斌  陈静  汪娇阳  董颜 《大气科学》2020,44(1):197-210
目前国家气象中心业务GRAPES区域集合预报系统中集合变换卡尔曼滤波(ETKF)方法采用的是模拟观测信息,为进一步完善ETKF方法,拟对ETKF初值扰动通过引入真实探空观测资料,使扰动场能够代表真实观测的不确定信息,改善区域集合预报技巧。真实观测资料的引入会使得每日的观测数目和分布发生变化,这对ETKF方法而言可能会引起扰动振幅的不稳定,因此在引入真实观测资料的基础上设计了新的扰动振幅调节因子,通过格点空间中离散度和均方根误差关系来对初值扰动振幅进行自适应调整。从初值扰动结构、概率预报技巧以及降水预报效果等方面对比分析了基于模拟观测、真实观测以及真实观测结合新型调节因子的ETKF方案的差异,结果表明:真实探空资料能够有效应用于GRAPES区域集合预报系统中,真实观测资料与模拟观测资料相比较为稀疏,可以获得更大量级的初值扰动振幅;真实观测资料有助于提高区域集合的离散度,但对集合预报准确度以及概率预报结果的提高有限,对于降水预报效果提高也有限;新型的扰动振幅调节因子可以有效获得稳定的初值扰动振幅,并保持ETKF扰动结构,真实观测资料与扰动振幅自适应调节因子相结合,可以有效提高区域集合的概率预报结果,并有效提高降水预报效果。  相似文献   

2.
利用异物理模态法的数学计算方案,选择积分12h的500hPa水汽通量散度(湿位涡)预报离差构造初值扰动的归一化初值扰动模态,进而构造扰动初值,对一次川东北大暴雨个例进行集合预报试验,从扰动初值水平结构、集合预报平均、大于50mm降水量概率、降水离散度、区域预报离差、Talagrand分布、Brier评分、集合预报系统对控制预报的逐时方差演变等多个方面对两种物理量处理方法所得结果进行对比分析,认为两种处理方法所得结果总体上非常相似,不存在显著差异。两种处理方法产生的扰动初值差异并没有引起大尺度环流明显差异,但对中尺度动力场、热力场产生了一定影响。就Brier评分、雨带位置而言,水汽通量散度处理方法略优于湿位涡处理方法,而强降水区范围而言则是湿位涡处理方法略占优。另外,区域预报离差显示,湿位涡处理方法的集合预报系统发散度要大一些。  相似文献   

3.
国家级区域集合预报系统研发和性能检验   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
该文简要介绍了中国气象局国家气象中心研发的区域中尺度集合预报系统主要技术特点:在初值扰动技术方面,通过研究中国地区中尺度模式预报误差快速增长特点、中国地形地貌特征与观测资料的分布情况,研发适合于中尺度模式的增长模繁殖法扰动技术构造初值场;分析数值模式物理过程参数化方案内在的不确定性以及对强对流天气和近地面要素预报的差异,确定多物理过程扰动技术方案。解决全球集合预报扰动信息向中尺度集合预报输入的关键技术,实现中尺度区域集合预报系统与全球中期集合预报系统的嵌套。在模式后处理方面,解决中尺度集合预报结果的偏差订正技术;开发满足多种需求的多要素、多层次概率预报产品和概率预报检验产品。在世界天气研究计划"2008年北京奥运会中尺度集合预报研究开发项目"3年实时预报试验比较评价中,中国气象局国家气象中心区域中尺度集合预报系统总体预报能力与国外同类系统相当。  相似文献   

4.
华南中尺度暴雨数值预报的不确定性与集合预报试验   总被引:50,自引:0,他引:50  
陈静  薛纪善  颜宏 《气象学报》2003,61(4):432-446
利用非静力MM5模式,分析了不同积云对流参数化方案对华南暖区暴雨数值预报的不确定性影响,进行了中尺度暴雨模式扰动集合预报试验。不同对流参数化方案的对流凝结加热引起不同的局地温度扰动,通过大气内部的热力动力过程,导致垂直速度的差异,进而影响网格尺度和次网格尺度降水时间、地点和强度。后续降水再通过凝结潜热释放形成新的扰动源。不同积云对流参数化方案还可引起扰动源能量传播方式不同,最终使模拟大气的动力和热力结构有差异。针对物理过程的不确定性,使用两种模式扰动方法构造集合预报扰动模式,第一种方法是随机组合不同积云对流参数化方案和边界层方案,第二种方法是扰动Grell积云对流参数化方案中主要参数振幅。集合预报结果表明,第一种方法的集合预报效果优于第二种方法,仅扰动参数振幅值似乎还不足以反映华南暴雨预报的不确定性。单一的确定性预报在暴雨落区和强度方面的可信度不稳定,集合产品能给华南暴雨过程提供更有用价值的指导预报,具有较高的应用价值。  相似文献   

5.
克拉玛依气象局研发了区域集合预报系统并已实现业务运行,该系统仅采用了集合变换卡尔曼滤波(ETKF)初值扰动,导致离散度发展受到限制,为改善区域集合预报的离散度,本文尝试在初值扰动基础上引入随机物理过程倾向(SPPT)模式扰动方案。通过开展SPPT方案关键参数的敏感性试验,确定了适用于本系统的参数设置,构建了初值-物理过程扰动方案(ETKF-SPPT),并与仅采用初值扰动的集合方案(ETKF)进行了对比。结果表明:ETKF初值扰动方法能够产生具有动力学结构的初值扰动,但是随着预报时效的延长,集合离散度增长很快达到饱和,并在侧边界约束下逐渐减小;ETKF初值扰动结合SPPT模式扰动可使集合离散度在各个预报时效均保持增长状态;集合预报检验结果表明,仅采用ETKF初值扰动的集合预报概率分布可靠性较低,概率预报准确性也较差;ETKF-SPPT方法可获得更好的概率预报结果,可靠性更好,均方根误差更低。对克拉玛依城区一次大风预报个例表明,ETKF方案对大风起风时间和量级把握较差,而ETKF-SPPT可以增加集合离散度,起风时间和风速预报更准确。综合而言,增加SPPT扰动可以有效改善克拉玛依区域集合预报系统的预报技巧。  相似文献   

6.
GRAPES区域集合预报模式的初值扰动增长特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
基于GRAPES-REPS(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System-Regional Ensemble Prediction System)区域集合预报模式和集合变换卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter,ETKF)初值扰动方法,对2015年6月1~15日10 km与15 km水平分辨率分别进行集合预报试验,通过分析ETKF初值扰动分量、初值扰动方差准确率、动能谱、扰动能量演变、日变化及集合离散度、均方根误差等特征,揭示GRAPES-REPS区域集合预报ETKF初值扰动结构及增长特征。结果表明:(1)ETKF初值扰动方案产生的扰动能够保持所有正交、不相关方向的误差方差,且ETKF分量α参数值及放大因子具有较好的稳定性。(2)ETKF初值扰动方法生成的扰动场以大尺度扰动为主,扰动结构及能量具有随流型依赖特征,低层以内能扰动为主,高层以动能扰动为主,且集合扰动可以有效捕捉预报误差的结构。(3)GRAPES区域集合预报初值扰动总能量和集合离散度随预报时效的延长均呈发展趋势,但离散度增长率小于均方根误差增长率,即集合预报总体存在集合离散度不足的问题。(4)水平分辨率提高可以增加中高层大尺度扰动波谱能量,明显改进等压面及近地面风场及温度场的集合预报效果。值得指出的是,GRAPES-REPS区域集合预报低层内能扰动能量存在明显的日变化特征,特别是青藏高原地区更加显著,需要进一步研究青藏高原初值扰动结构的合理性。  相似文献   

7.
青藏高原东侧"2003.8.28"暴雨的集合预报试验   总被引:12,自引:10,他引:2  
利用MM5模式和国家气象中心的T213模式的预报资料,通过研究非绝热物理过程参数化方案对高原东侧"2003.8.28"暴雨数值预报的影响特征,进行了多物理模式集合预报试验,为开展青藏高原东侧集合预报扰动技术研究进行了试验.试验结果表明,模式物理参数化方案对中尺度降水预报结果有明显影响,包括局地降水强度、空间分布型态、时间演变特征等.随着模式分辨率的提高,积云对流参数化方案将增加小雨量级降水区域,产生一些虚假降水,就现阶段模式水平而言,高分辨率集合预报应重点发展考虑强降水预报不确定性的集合预报模式系统.多物理模式集合预报的初步试验结果表明,高分辨率集合预报可以改进单一确定性预报结果不稳定的缺点,为强降水灾害性天气预报提供有价值的预报信息.  相似文献   

8.
物理过程参数化方案对中尺度暴雨数值模拟影响的研究   总被引:48,自引:5,他引:43  
陈静  薛纪善  颜宏 《气象学报》2003,61(2):203-218
利用中尺度非静力MM 5模式和中国 2 0 0 1年 8月的 4个暴雨个例 ,研究了非绝热物理过程对中国暴雨动力和热力场预报的影响 ,深入分析了对流参数化方案在中尺度暴雨预报中的作用 ,讨论了利用模式扰动方法开展中国暴雨集合预报的可行性。结果表明 ,在短期数值预报中 ,非绝热物理过程对高度场预报影响较小 ,但边界层方案和对流参数化方案对产生暴雨的 3个基本条件即水汽通量散度、垂直速度、不稳定层结的影响很明显。不同对流参数化方案所预报的中尺度热力、动力场离差的结构特征与所预报降水的离差特征相似 ,且主要是在模式积分初期迅速增加 ,其后即趋于稳定。对中国热力场较均匀的暴雨过程 ,可以通过扰动模式的边界层和对流参数化方案 ,构造集合预报模式  相似文献   

9.
基于多中心TIGGE资料的区域GRAPES集合预报初步试验   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
纪永明  陈静  矫梅燕  陈朝平 《气象》2011,37(4):392-402
基于全球交互式大集合(TIGGE)预报资料,研究利用TIGGE全球集合预报大尺度不确定信息,构造区域GRAPES集合预报的初值扰动方法和试验方案,并对2008年7月22日发生在黄淮地区的一次暴雨过程进行了集合预报试验.试验结果表明:构造的初值扰动场能够表征TIGGE全球集合预报初值中的大尺度不确定信息,区域GRAPES集合预报系统可以捕获极端降水天气,对降水预报具有显著的改进作用,集合预报平均及降水概率预报能有效地反映暴雨降水特点,暴雨发生概率较高的区域与实况对应关系较好.积分初期,暴雨的预报一致性(集合离散度)和预报技巧(集合平均预报均方根误差)之间的关系显示了区域GRAPES集合预报系统是合理的,但积分后期,由于模式在积分过程中的动力调整作用,减小了初值扰动对预报结果的影响,限制了集合离散度的增长速度.  相似文献   

10.
叶璐  刘永柱  陈静  夏宇  王静 《气象学报》2020,78(4):648-664
目前国际上采用的奇异向量集合预报初值扰动法对于初值不确定性的描述存在一定的不足,为了更有效地反映初始误差的时空多尺度特性,基于GRAPES全球奇异向量计算技术,计算了不同空间分辨率及不同最优时间间隔的多个尺度的奇异向量,并采用基于高斯分布的线性组合法来构造多尺度奇异向量的扰动初值,以代表在相空间中增长最快的多尺度初值误差模态。通过2019年1月19日的初值扰动集合预报试验,对比分析了单一尺度奇异向量初值扰动法与多尺度初值扰动法的扰动特征及集合预报效果。结果表明,多尺度奇异向量初值扰动法为区域集合预报提供的初始扰动场是合理的,扰动的大小随时间增长,且在空间分布上较好地反映了当前大气的斜压不稳定特征。此外,多尺度奇异向量扰动可以描述一定的大尺度以及中小尺度运动误差特征,较单一尺度奇异向量扰动能反映出更多初始场的不确定性信息。检验分析表明,GRAPES多尺度奇异向量集合预报在集合一致性、连续等级概率评分、离群值等方面有一定的优势,相比于单一尺度奇异向量法有较好的预报技巧。因此,基于GRAPES的多尺度奇异向量初值扰动法对于集合预报的预报效果有一定的提高,能为构建一套完善的GRAPES区域奇异向量集合预报系统提供一定的科学依据和应用基础。   相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

19.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

20.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号