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利用2006年6-8月山东省气温、降水和500hPa旬、月平均高度场和距平场等资料,分析了山东省2006年夏季的环流特征、天气气候特点和主要天气过程。 相似文献
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利用2006年3-5月山东省气温、降水等天气实况、500hPa月(旬)平均高度场和距平场资料,分析了山东省2006年春季的环流特征、天气气候特点和主要天气过程. 相似文献
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对贵州夏季严重旱涝的短期气候预测因子进行了分析研究,确定了用东亚大槽和北美东岸大槽的异常配置建立的夏季旱涝预测信号等5个预测因子,并依据这些预测指标建立了贵州旱涝短期气候预测模型。预测模型经1997-2000年实际检验取得了较好的预报效果。 相似文献
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中国东部的降水区划及备区旱涝变化的特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了研究我国旱涝发生的规律、成因和预测,事先掌握降水的气候型区和各区降水变化的气候特征是十分必要的。本文利用1951—1986年中国东部140个站的月降水资料,分析了下半年降水相对系数、月际和年际标准差等参量时空变化的特征,并综合应用逐级归并法和成批调整法,对中国东部地区进行了降水气候区的划分。在此基础上,进一步探讨了各区旱涝的频数和长期变化的趋势。 相似文献
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平流层30 hPa月平均高度场的气候特征 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
采用经验正交函数分解(EOF)方法对NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料中1958—1997年共40年,30hPa月平均高度和月平均风场进行了分析,讨论了40年平流层的主要特征向量和相应时间系数的变化特征,发现高度场的EOF第一模态具有很好的空间整体性和明显的季节变化。在平流层中,北半球冬季为一较大的环极冷低压,夏季为一以整个半球为规模的环极暖高压。并以1月和7月代表冬、夏季,选取1月和7月的40年资料作为时间序列,用EOF分析了冬、夏季不同的空问振荡型的特征,运用小波分析方法考察了其年际及年代际变化周期。并据此定义了不同的振荡型指数,为以后分析平流层要素场与气候变化的关系奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Naturally-occurring drought is defined here to be drought arising from the nonlinear interactions which are an inherent part of the dynamics of the climatic system. As such it has no specific excitation mechanism, in contrast to forced drought where sea surface temperature anomalies are frequently cited as an important precursor. The essential difference between these two types of drought is that the former is very local and isolated spatially, whereas the latter is widespread and coherent. Observations for Australia are used to illustrate these points. Results are given for a 10-year general circulation model integration which clearly simulated naturally occurring drought and highlighted its unique characteristics. Multi-annual time series for specific geographical regions in the model show that no differences in monthly mean values of relative humidity or zonal and meridional fluxes of moisture were apparent for years with or without drought. More detailed analysis indicated that rather small differences exist in atmospheric temperatures and absolute humidities between drought and nondrought years which are important factors in determining the onset of precipitation in the model.Overall the analysis emphasises the subtlety of the processes involved. These processes, however, were able to produce completely different precipitation histories from one year to the next at a given point. The smallness of the changes involved in the atmospheric processes indicates that the nonlinearities were able to modulate conditions at a given point within an existing synoptic system only slightly, rather than initiate a new climatic regime in drought years. The problem of naturally-occurring drought, of course, is that it is intrinsically unpredictable. 相似文献
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The quantitative measure of drought is a complex problem. A common factor in all types of drought is that they originate from a deficiency of precipitation. The difference between the real and potentially expected daily precipitation amount is what we have used to define the continuous function of daily deficit and surplus of precipitation (DSP). We have also defined the monthly and yearly DSP. We tested the precipitation data series for the normal climatic period 1961–1990 observed at the Meteorological Observatory of Belgrade. The DSP considers that the intensity of drought during the current period is dependent upon the current precipitation plus the cumulative precipitation of the previous period. When applied to longer periods, this function denotes dry and wet periods. 相似文献
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近30年来中国气候的干湿变化 总被引:27,自引:1,他引:27
本文利用1951—1980年的月平均温度,计算了中国各地水分需要量。根据水分需要量和降水量大小,将我国划分成潮湿、湿润、半湿润、半干燥和干燥5类气候区;并对这5个气候区1950年前后各30年时段的气候干湿状况进行讨论;此外还对影响气候干湿变化的重要因子,我国近30年来的降水进行了分析。 近3O多年来,各气候区的降水及气候状况呈现了不同的变化:潮湿和湿润气候区50年代降水较多,60年代降水偏少,70年代降水呈多变态;半湿润和半干燥气候区50年代至60年代中期为多雨时段,1965年始,降水偏少,处于少雨阶段, 相似文献
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