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1.
城市热岛与海风锋叠加作用对一次局地强降水的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
东高红  刘一玮  孙蜜娜  戴云伟 《气象》2013,39(11):1422-1430
利用常规观测资料、天津255 m气象塔资料、多普勒雷达资料和VDRAS反演资料及中尺度TJ WRF模式输出资料,对2010年8月16日天津城区出现的一次局地强降水过程进行分析,重点分析了城市热岛与海风锋叠加作用对此次局地强降水的触发机制。结果表明:此次局地强降水发生在低层槽后弱的反环流条件下,具有明显的γ中尺度对流降水特征;城市热岛效应能造成局地的热力不均匀,这对形成地面中尺度辐合线非常有利。海风锋由岸边向市区移动中与中尺度辐合线相遇,能激发局地不稳定能量的释放,从而产生强对流天气。城市热岛对海风锋的移动有明显阻挡作用;当海风锋移到城市热岛效应明显区域附近时,其后侧气流会出现明显分支绕流和爬升现象,而且两者相遇处的辐合上升运动会迅速加强,这为该地不稳定能量的释放及雷暴的发生发展提供了有利的动力热力条件。中尺度TJ WRF模式可以很好地模拟出这一现象。  相似文献   

2.
天津地区城市热岛环流与海风环流相互作用的研究   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
东高红  尉英华  解以扬  刘一玮  李英华 《气象》2015,41(12):1447-1455
利用中尺度数值模式(TJ WRF)模拟资料及天津加密自动气象站资料等,选取几个典型天气过程(城区附近局地强雷暴天气过程、受海风影响明显的无天气过程)个例,分析研究天津城市热岛环流与海风环流的空间结构特征及相互作用;重点对城市热岛环流与海风环流相互作用触发局地强雷暴的机制进行分析。结果表明:城市热岛环流的伸展高度基本在800 hPa 附近、空间范围约为20 km、环流内有弱的辐合上升;海风环流的伸展高度在800~750 hPa、空间范围40~60 km,海风环流前沿海风锋的伸展高度为950~900 hPa,垂直上升速度平均为0.2 m·s-1 ,略强于城市热岛环流。海风环流对城市热岛环流有明显消弱作用,城市热岛环流对海风环流有一定的阻挡作用,其阻挡的程度与城市热岛环流强度有关。随海风环流向内陆推进,海风环流与城市热岛环流相遇出现叠加,叠加后的辐合上升运动明显加强,最大上升速度可达0.6 m·s-1,并在不稳定天气形势条件下能触发局地强雷暴天气的出现。  相似文献   

3.
利用观测资料、ECMWF Era-interim资料、江苏风塔资料、降水融合资料等,对江苏沿海区域夏季海风锋进行统计与诊断分析,并对海风锋激发强对流过程进行数值模拟。结果显示,海风锋主要显现在较稳定的高压系统边缘地带,可分为两类:Ⅰ类为海上西伸副高控制下的海风锋;Ⅱ类为大陆高压入海环流下的海风锋,Ⅱ类海风锋环流具有更多局地系统,常有强对流天气伴随。海风锋垂直剖面要素结构显示,来自海上的低层偏东风u分量构成海风锋前缘,影响锋面垂直抬升运动位置及强度。锋面附近二级环流,影响海风锋系统的环境不稳定性。海风锋在近海岸地区相遇内陆对流系统时,沿岸风塔资料在风的时序上出现突然的风向转变和迅速的风速增大。同时区域对流有效位能CAPE(convective available potential energy)的高值区显著增强。配合水汽通量辐合中心,构成有利于强对流系统激发及加强的环境条件。数值模拟显示,CAPE的水平分布指示了内陆强对流系统与海风锋的相对移动,CAPE的垂直分布显示海风锋激发强对流时能量增强与释放,强中心在2 h内迅速减弱。  相似文献   

4.
盛夏渤海湾大气边界层辐合线触发对流风暴对比分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
赵金霞  徐灵芝  卢焕珍  范苏丹 《气象》2012,38(3):336-343
本文对渤海湾2008—2009年,由大气边界层辐合线引起的对流风暴进行了分析。结果表明,在高温、高湿不稳定大气层结环境条件下:(1)单一的海风锋在其端点可产生对流性降水。(2)海风锋与弱冷锋相遇,或者两条海风锋相交,或者雷暴单体的出流边界与海风锋相遇均会产生强对流风暴。(3)渤海湾边界层辐合线触发对流风暴大多发生在每年7 8月,且在副热带高压控制渤海湾后东退的过程中,此时大气层结处在高温、高湿不稳定状态。辐合线触发的对流风暴是沿辐合线移动,移动方向取决于辐合线两侧的主导风向。(4)边界层辐合线触发对流风暴,具有突发性强,持续时间短等特点,分析渤海湾边界层辐合线的移动与演变能提高强对流风暴的临近预报、预警,减少突发性天气引起的灾害。  相似文献   

5.
梁钊明  高守亭  王东海  王彦 《大气科学》2013,37(5):1013-1024
海风锋与沿海强对流天气密切相关,而城市化发展对沿海地区下垫面的改变会对海风锋特征产生影响。鉴于此,本文利用耦合了新一代城市物理方案UCP-BEM(Urban Canopy Parameterization-Building Energy Model)的WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式开展数值试验分析了城市下垫面对渤海湾海风锋特征的影响。结果显示:城市下垫面高粗糙度对低层海风风速的明显削弱造成海风锋往内陆推进距离稍减,低层辐合和上升运动减弱;城市下垫面较大的向上感热通量和较小的向上水汽通量以及高粗糙度对海风的削弱的共同作用造成冷湿海风对低层大气的降温和增湿幅度减弱;高粗糙度的城市下垫面对海风环流的摩擦力效应使得海风得到抬升,这导致了冷湿海风对低层大气的降温和增湿的垂直范围得到提升;受这些结果影响,海风锋背后低层有效位能减小,但垂直分布范围扩大,从而造成对流抑制高值区抬升,同时海风锋背后的静力不稳定区变厚,其上面的动力不稳定区则变薄,但不稳定区总厚度基本不变。  相似文献   

6.
苗曼倩  唐有华 《高原气象》1998,17(3):280-289
用三维中尺度模式研究长江三角洲夏季海陆风与城市热岛环流的相互作用,白天由于东海海风和太湖湖风环流与上海市热岛环流相互增强,最大垂直速度可达6.2cm/s;夜间则相反,由于海风(包括长江江风)与湖风的对撞,因而在上海到江阴市沿江出现一条水平辐合带,如果上海周围地区随着经济发展,大片农田被城市下垫面所取代,而使绿地覆盖率下降到15%以下,则睡季夜间地面气温可上升3℃,两个增温中心分别在苏州和嘉兴附近,  相似文献   

7.
利用非静力中尺度模式MM5对2008年6月5日北部湾一次引发大暴雨过程的海风锋系统进行模拟研究,结果表明:(1)模式成功模拟出了降水落区、强度及时间变化;此次强降水天气过程是由于海陆风环流引发的中小尺度海风锋系统所造成。(2)日出至午后14时,北部湾沿海区域,伴随着西南强风气流和出海高压后部的东南风气流,来自印度洋海域和南海海域的两股相对高温、高湿空气在与内陆相对较干较冷的空气相遇,来自洋面的两股暖平流叠加,造成温度梯度增大;暖湿气流堆积后,不稳定能量增加,激发了对流运动,引发海风锋生。降水区域大致位于两个不稳定能量轴之间,随着能量轴的移动而移动,同时能量轴在不断深入内陆的过程中不断消耗减弱,降水强度随着减弱。(3)此次海风锋发生、发展和消亡的整个过程集中在日出至14时前后,海陆温度的分布是由暖海冷陆转变成暖陆冷海的过程中。海风锋的整个垂直对流尺度大约在5 km,主要的对流发生在950~800 hPa层(约0.6~2.0 km),水平尺度约40~60 km,是一种近地面层的中-β尺度系统。(4)海风锋自海岸线向内陆的入侵过程中强度逐渐减小。空气流厚度紧靠锋面处较低,其后迅速增大,锋面过后空气流厚度缓慢减小,充分表现出海风锋结构上存在的一个隆起的"头"的特征。  相似文献   

8.
浙江沿海中尺度辐合线对飑线发展影响的数值试验   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
沈杭锋  翟国庆  朱补全 《大气科学》2010,34(6):1127-1140
利用Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) 中尺度数值模式, 结合常规观测资料、地面加密自动气象站资料、云迹风等资料较好地模拟了2006年6月10日严重影响浙江的一次强飑线演变过程, 得到了与实况比较接近的飑线中尺度特征, 结果表明: 强对流活动与边界层内的中尺度辐合有密切联系, 除了雷暴出流在其前沿形成的阵风锋外, 还模拟得到了宁波东部地区的中尺度气流辐合线 (简称宁东辐合线); 宁东辐合线呈现出明显的西干东湿、东侧上湿下干和弱的稳定层结特征, 其存在阻挡了边界层顶强不稳定的东传; 在宁东辐合线东侧的山谷地带, 近地面形成一个尺度仅为10~20 km的中尺度垂直闭合环流, 该环流导致地面弱的东风气流又反过来加强了宁东辐合线。当之前已存在的雷暴出流形成的阵风锋辐合线与宁东局地辐合线相遇时, 形成一条新的阵风锋, 边界层之上的湿度显著增强, 强不稳定得到逐步释放, 加剧了对流的爆发, 天气现象进一步加重。  相似文献   

9.
利用WRF-Noah耦合中尺度模式对海南岛2012年7月5日的多云海风个例进行三维高分辨率数值模拟,重点分析多云天气条件下复杂地形区域的海风环流结构及其演变特征。通过观测资料与模拟结果的对比发现,WRF模式能够合理地模拟出岛屿四周的海风演变特征。与少云海风日相似,多云海风日中全岛海风于12时开始形成,15时海风发展最为强盛,影响范围最广,18时全岛海风的辐合程度最强,海风辐合区是主要的潜在降水区域。对比山区与平坦地区的海风环流发现,山区海风环流强盛期为13—18时,而平坦地区海风环流强盛期为15—18时。复杂的山地对海风环流结构有直接和间接的影响:一方面在山地地形动力阻挡和抬升作用下,海风环流变得更加清晰完整,间接延长了海风环流的维持时间;另一方面局地地形热力作用形成的谷风环流与海风几乎同时产生和消亡,两者汇合后,谷风的瞬间加强会引起海风锋锋消,瞬间减弱会引起海风锋锋生;两者同相叠加会使得海风环流结构更加完整。相比之下,平坦地区的海风受到的地形动力和热力作用小,海风水平分布比较规则,海风环流垂直结构的变化主要取决于不同方向海风之间的相互作用。  相似文献   

10.
北京城区近地面比湿和风场时空分布特征   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
利用2008—2012年北京城区平均5 km的高密度自动气象站逐时观测数据,分析了北京城区近地面比湿、风向和风速的时空精细分布特征,初步探究了城市下垫面对局地气象要素的影响机制。研究表明:夏季白天北京城区为干岛,冬季城区表现为弱湿岛特征。受城市效应的影响,北京城区与郊区比湿日变化有明显差异。近地面10 m风受到地形、城市和季节性盛行风的共同影响。当气流经过城区时有明显的绕流现象。夏季05:00—10:00 (北京时,下同),受山风、弱的夏季偏南风和城市热岛共同作用,气流向城市中心辐合。冬季15:00—19:00,受季节盛行风偏北气流和谷风偏南气流的共同作用,在城区形成一条西北—东南走向的辐合线。对风速研究发现:城市粗糙下垫面使北京城区风速减小,二环路和三环路之间存在一条“n”状的风速小值带。由此可见,除已开展较多研究的城市热岛效应外,北京城市效应对近地面湿度和风场亦有显著影响。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

16.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

17.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

18.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

19.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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