GIS支持下的陕西省农业气候资源可视化管理系统

基于CITYSTAR地理信息系统的GISOCXACTIVEX控件，采用VB语言进行GIS的应用开发，实现了对陕西省气候资源数字图像的查询和管理。通过该系统的应用，可给出陕西省境内任一网格单元（空间分辨率为500×500m）的地理位置、地形地貌、气候要素、主要经济作物适生状况等14项空间数据属性值，对充分利用当地的自然资源，发展特色经济有一定的指导意义。     

地面气象资料信息服务系统的主要功能与技术实现

在广泛调研地(市)县两级专业气象服务和气象业务对地面气象资料信息需求的基础上,应用Microsoft Visual C V6.0程序设计语言开发了一套地面气象资料信息服务系统。该系统具有强大的统计和查询功能,对气候分析、气象服务、农业气象预报、天气预报、地面测报等均具有重要的指导作用。     

山东省级雨情业务服务系统

为实现日降水量报文实时处理和降水量资料检索查询的自动化，开发研制了山东省级雨情业务服务系统，主要功能包括全省各站日降水量报(SX)的报文采集、甄错、译码、降水量查询统计、不同量级雨日数查询统计、等值线分析、图表制作与输出、服务产品编撰制版、服务产品送网和用户信息管理等，系统业务运行稳定，保证了省级雨情业务服务工作的进一步规范化和流程化。     

黑龙江省气候资源与灾害评价分析系统

以Windows98为平台,利用VB6．0等可视化语言编译系统,分析水分、温度等气候因子与作物生长发育的关系,建立灾害评估模式并纳入系统,通过指标计算、比较,对黑龙江省易发灾害如旱涝、低温冷害进行评价分析,并实现对黑龙江省气候资源的全面分析阐述,从而为黑龙江省农业种植结构调整、品种合理布局及防灾减灾等农业生产决策提供科学依据。     

黑龙江省气候资源与灾害评价系统研究

采用Windows98平台，利用Vb6等可视化语言对系统进行程序编译，融入灾害评估模式内容，通过指标计算，对黑龙江省易发灾害进行评价分析，并实现对黑龙江省气候资源的全面分析阐述，从而为农业种植结构调整、品种合理布局及防灾减灾等农业生产决策提供科学依据。     

提高温州市气候资源利用水平促进新农村建设初探

通过对温州市目前气候资源利用水平现状的分析,针对温州实际,提出了从开展气候开发软件平台建设、精细化农业气候区划、重大农业气象灾害防灾减灾研究,加强风能、太阳能、水资源调查和开发及完善气象信息农村发布渠道等5个方面提高当地气候资源利用水平,以期进一步发挥气象在新农村建设中的促进作用.     

论合理利用气候资源在湖北农业结构调整中的重要性

改革开放20年来,湖北省农业发展进入了一个新的阶段,农业的发展由解决温饱的需要转向适应人们进入小康的需要.随着市场经济的发展和生活水平的提高,人们对农产品的品种和质量有了新的要求.面对当前一些低质农产品销售不畅、大量积压以及农民收入不高等问题,围绕"产量调高,质量调优,经济调活,收入调多,农民调富"的目标,全省各级政府十分重视农业结构优化调整.湖北省地处长江中游,境内复杂的地形制约着光、热、水等气候资源的再分配,使得湖北农业生产具有南北不同、东西有别且兼有南北和东西过渡的特色,为湖北农产品发展的多样化、多层次、优质化和动态化提供了潜在的优势.同时,也要求在农业生产结构调整的过程中,一定要因地制宜,合理利用农业气候资源优势,发展特色农业,提高农业的综合效益.该文利用农业气候学原理,论述了在湖北省农业生产结构调整与新项目的开发立项及优良品种的引进过程中,进行农业气候分析、评估的重要性及合理利用气候资源发展名优特高效农业产品的意义.     

基于GIS商州市农业气候区划信息服务系统

针对商州市农业气候区划工作，利用GIS技术生成的气候资源、专题气候区划数字图像及其它多种媒体数据，以CITYSTAR地理信息系统为平台进行分类、分层管理，建立商州市地理背景、气候资源、专题区划、气象灾害四个图像数据库，并实现对各类数字图像属性数据的查询和统计。     

农业气象预测预报软件系统

农业气象预测预报（农业产量年景，气候资源，气象与病虫害等），是气象为农业服务的重要手段之一。如果把农业气象服务的全部工作或农业气候资源开发与利用等作为一个大系统来考虑的话，那么农业气象预报可看成是其中一个重要的子系统。该子系统程序技巧复杂，设计难度大。因此，其内在质量的优与劣，往往关系到整个系统总体的开发水平。本文给出一个通用型的农业气象预报系统外壳，它既可以作为一个相对独立的系统自己开工运行，也可以连接在任何一个大型系统之下，执行主控发出的指令。     

CITYSTAR地理信息系统在气候资源分析中的应用

气候资源的空间分布属性决定了地理信息系统(GIS)在气象中的广泛应用前景。本就利用Citystar地理信息系统进行气候资源分析的思路、方法和步骤做了简要介绍，并进行了气候资源的小网格推算和制图。     

市场经济下农业气候资源与经济效益浅析

该文从理论上分析了市场经济下农业气候资源利用与经济效益的关系，并以浙江省嘉兴市为例分析了作物生产面临的气候风险与市场风险，提出了实现农业两高一优的气候对策，指出在市场经济下农业的发展必须重视气候资源的合理利用和有效配置。     

赤峰市设施农业气候风险区划

通过赤峰市气候因素对设施农业的影响分析,应用地理信息系统,做出赤峰市设施农业的气候风险区划,为科学布局规划设施农业、降低气候灾害风险程度、提高设施农业的栽培水平和经济效益等提供气候参考依据。     

Climatic impacts on crop yield and its variability in Nepal: do they vary across seasons and altitudes?

A rapid change in climate patterns potentially driven by global warming is considered to be greatest threats to agriculture. However, little is known about how the change in climate concretely affects agricultural production especially in Nepal with respect to seasons and regions of different altitudes. To examine this issue, we seek to empirically identify the impact of climatic variation on agricultural yield and its variability by utilizing the data of rice, wheat and climate variables in the central region of Nepal. The main focus is on whether the impacts vary across seasons, altitudes and the types of crops. For this purpose, we employ a stochastic production function approach by controlling a novel set of season-wise climatic and geographical variables. The result shows that an increase in the variance of both temperature and rainfall has adverse effects on crop productions in general. On the other hand, a change in the mean levels of the temperature and rainfall induces heterogeneous impacts, which can be considered beneficial, harmful or negligible, depending on the altitudes and the kinds of crops. These results imply that adaptation strategies must be tailor-made in Nepalese agriculture, considering growing seasons, altitudes and the types of crops.     

Sensitivity of agricultural production to climatic change

Although the range of cultivated species is relatively restricted, domestic plants and animals exhibit considerable resilience to stochastic shocks, and the study of their ecological adaptability and critical physiological and phenological requirements is a valuable first step in determining their possible response to climatic change. Methods of assessing agroclimatic suitability and their limitations are discussed, and suggestions are made for simulating the probable impact of shifts in the main climatic parameters on the productivity and spatial distribution of key crops and livestock. Some regions and crops are climatically more vulnerable than others: some regions (in particular North America) are strategically more critical to the stability of world food supplies, while in others resources for agricultural production are under more severe pressure.As well as attempts to forecast long-term climatic trends and their effects on agriculture, combating climatic variability merits high priority. This is an ever-present source of instability in production and could be enhanced in association with changing climate. Its magnitude differs widely among crops and geographical regions, but its impact from year to year is often greater than that predicted from climatic change even in extreme scenarios. The paper indicates a number of potentially desirable areas for action and suggests that several of these would be beneficial both as a buffer against short-term effects of variability and as a means of combating climatic change.     

臭氧对作物影响的模型研究概述

近年来，在大量试验研究的基础上，有关臭氧(O3)对作物影响的研究重点为如何建立有效的模型，以评估和预测O3对作物产量和农业造成的损失。文中介绍了有关臭氧对作物影响模型的研究概况，将模型分为3类：统计模型、光化学模型和机理模型；在分析各类模型局限性的基础上，指出O3对作物影响的模型研究将向模块化、普遍化方向发展，形成综合、全面的模型，并讨论了我国相关研究的发展方向。     

Determining the climatic requirements of trees suitable for agroforestry

After fossil fuel burning, clearing of forests for agriculture is the second most significant factor increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Replanting trees on previously cleared land around the world could reduce the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, forests were usually cleared to grow crops or graze animals, so there is no possibility of completely restoring forests on most cleared lands. There is a need to develop agroforestry systems, which integrate trees with agricultural activities.One of the key problems in developing successful agroforestry systems is identifying which trees can be successfully grown in different areas. This problem will become even greater as tree breeding produces a wider variety of genotypes available for planting. General methods are described to identify where a particular tree (species, provenance or clone) with potential for use in agroforestry systems can be grown. The methods also help to identify locations where particular trees are growing under relatively extreme climatic conditions for that taxa. Conditions at these locations should be carefully evaluated as more reliable future climatic scenarios are developed. In the meantime they could be monitored to provide early warning of the effects of climatic and atmospheric change.     

甘肃省作物生态气候适生种植区与农业气候资源综合利用区划研究综述

在分析冬春小麦、秋粮、经济、瓜果、特种作物生态气候条件的基础上,将１７ 种作物进行生态气候适生种植区的划分,并提出提高气候资源利用途径。从农业气候资源、自然生态条件、农业生产特点等方面进行综合分析,将全省划分为１２ 个农业气候资源综合利用区并进行了评述。     

一种综合评价内蒙中西部地区农业气候资源的有效方法

利用DTOPSIS法对内蒙中西部地区的农业气候资源进行综合评估,结果表明,内蒙中西部地区农业气候资源整体水平按优劣可依次分为3个区:东部鄂尔多斯市为温和干旱—半干旱气候区,南部乌海市为温暖干旱区,北部巴彦淖尔市则为温暖干旱——极干旱区,农业气候资源呈现东部优于南、北部地区。     

Adaptation of agriculture to climate change

Preparing agriculture for adaptation to climate change requires advance knowledge of how climate will change and when. The direct physical and biological impacts on plants and animals must be understood. The indirect impacts on agriculture's resource base of soils, water and genetic resources must also be known. We lack such information now and will, likely, for some time to come. Thus impact assessments for agriculture can only be conjectural at this time. How-ever, guidance can be gotten from an improved understanding of current climatic vulnerabilities of agriculture and its resource base, from application of a realistic range of climate change scenarios to impact assessment, and from consideration of the complexity of current agricultural systems and the range of adaptation techniques and policies now available and likely to be available in the future.     

河南省墒情预报业务服务系统

在以往对作物不同生育阶段的耗水规律、适宜水分、干旱指标和农田土壤水分变化规律进行了大量研究工作的基础上,根据农业生产可持续发展的需要,开发研制了集河南省农田水分监测、预报和灌溉决策服务于一体的土壤墒情预报业务服务系统。该系统可较准确地预报未来一个月内的土壤墒情变化,并可根据作物发育特点,给出以最高产量和最佳经济效益为目标的灌溉建议。