雷达机房动力环境监控系统的设计与应用

新一代天气雷达站网布局逐渐完善,对气象预报预警、防灾减灾提供数据支撑力量不断提高,对雷达运行监控及维护维修能力也不断提出更高要求。本设计依托信息网络设备,全方位读取广西各台站天气雷达设备运行相关参数、动力环境等参数,通过监控系统运维平台,建立起广西新一代天气雷达机房动力环境监控系统,实现对各台站天气雷达运行情况、机房动力保障及温湿度的监控。该系统已应用到广西新一代天气雷达运行保障中,提高了装备保障能力。     

天气雷达探测网交互式故障应急响应平台

新一代天气雷达站网实时监控平台实现了天气雷达故障即刻短信报警的功能,但无法对雷达故障现象、原因、处理进度以及结果等进行实时监控.在新一代天气雷达站网监控平台的基础上,完善对雷达故障应急响应流程的结构设计,将雷达故障应急响应细节直接编辑短信回复,故障应急处理平台根据故障等级和转发权限设置实现雷达故障应急响应细节的分级广播...     

新一代天气雷达站网实时运行监控系统的设计与开发

新一代天气雷达站网实时监控系统运用了现代计算机网络、工业控制、数据远程传输、远程控制等多项技术,充分利用新一代天气雷达自身系统监控、重要参数定标、检测等功能进行实时监控系统的设计开发,实现了站网内雷达运行状态、定标及报警等相关信息的实时监控,对全面掌握分中心责任范围内各雷达站的运行状况,提高技术保障系统的快速反应能力,以及全面、快速、有效地进行新一代天气雷达系统设备的技术保障具有重要意义。该文主要概述了新一代天气雷达站网实时监控系统的主要功能、系统结构及关键技术的实现方法。     

新一代天气雷达数据传输与短信值机系统

介绍了新一代天气雷达数据传输与短信值机系统,解决了目前新一代天气雷达运行观测业务中存在的一些问题。开发的数据传输子系统,整合了3类雷达数据的传输与监控,解决了目前数据传输业务中存在的问题。数据传输系统的时效性、稳定性、可靠性、安全性均进一步提高。对新一代天气雷达短信自动值机进行研究,根据其部分软故障排除经验特点设计了与其相适应的值机子系统,能够实时发送新一代天气雷达故障的监控报警,并接收短信指令按照预定义的操作步骤自动完成部分软故障排除任务,尽早恢复新一代天气雷达正常运行,提高了这些故障排除的时效性。上述系统在海口雷达站应用结果表明效果良好,能够满足目前新一代天气雷达运行观测业务需求,可以推广应用。     

新一代天气雷达远程故障诊断与应急维修应用探讨

为了最大程度发挥新一代天气雷达在天气预报、气象决策和服务、人工影响天气等业务和科研方面的效益,设计了新一代天气雷达远程诊断和应急维修系统。通过设计继电器开关控制伺服控制单元、数据采集控制单元、发射机主控板等设备电源以实现远程复位,以及信号波形监控系统以实现远程快速在线诊断。同时给出雷达远程控制软件操作方法,并利用测试软件进行在线测试和参数调整。根据海南省SA新一代天气雷达站的实际运行情况,该系统应用效果良好,可供其他新一代天气雷达站应用和参考。     

新一代天气雷达远程视频监控保障系统设计与实现

针对目前天气雷达保障业务需求,开发了新一代天气雷达远程视频监控保障系统。该系统实现了雷达设备的视频监控、远程协助、数据采集、状态监测及报警等主要功能。通过该系统可实现雷达故障的快速发现,同时利用远程协助功能,相关专家可根据故障报警、现场可视图像以及雷达关键部位参数进行故障诊断,制定维修方案,提高雷达保障时效。目前该系统已成功应用到全省4个雷达站,满足了远程故障可视化诊断需求。     

长春CINRAD／CC系统业务运行与维护保障情况简介

长春新一代天气雷达运行已有1年多时间，各方面积累了一定的经验。本文从雷达的整体系统组成、业务运行管理、设备维护保障等方面对长春雷达站所做的工作做一介绍，为以后我省后续新一代天气雷达站的建设提供经验和帮助。     

汕头新一代天气雷达值班平台的设计与实现

针对新一代天气雷达站的实际业务需求,以Microsoft Visual Basic.NET作为应用程序的集成开发语言,基于NET Framework 4.5.1平台,开发了新一代天气雷达值班平台,实现了雷达运行状态和资料传输状态的实时监控,对雷达系统故障和网络故障进行及时报警;同时提供雷达值班助手模块,对雷达站所涉及的大部分工作进行一个规范性整合。利用值班平台来辅助雷达站工作,将大量机械性的工作交给计算机处理,以达到减少人为失误,有效提高工作效率的目的。     

新一代天气雷达故障处理和故障标准化平台的研发与应用

新一代天气雷达是一个组成结构复杂的探测平台,各个组合之间比较分散。由于机械运转的持续性,且对运行环境要求严格,所以雷达系统易发故障。对不同类型的雷达故障进行归纳和简析,并进行归类,按照雷达故障产生的原因分类为:雷达部件故障、软件故障、灾害引起的雷达故障、虚假报警、雷达产品图像错误。天气雷达故障处理和故障标准化平台的开发将相应的成果应用于日常的气象探测设备的监控业务中,并集成到综合气象观测系统运行监控平台,以实现天气雷达故障的快速响应和维修。对2007年6月至2010年5月新一代天气雷达的运行能力进行了计算,并抽样其中2种型号的天气雷达,对故障案例进行分析研究,给出了故障的分系统分布情况。     

新一代天气雷达发射机常用芯片自动检测技术研究

目前气象业务中,新一代天气雷达组网建设不断完善,其在短时临近灾害性天气预报、预警业务和决策服务中越来越发挥着不可替代的重要作用,因此,做好新一代天气雷达的业务运行保障工作非常重要。针对新一代天气雷达发射机软硬件复杂、故障频发、维修时效长、维修难度大等特点,研制了新一代天气雷达发射机常用芯片自动检测系统。该自动检测系统采用了机外脱机测试方法,从而保证了雷达设备和人身的安全;采用了发光二极管指示灯直接输出测试结果的自动测试方式,保证了雷达修复的较短时效;可直接测试雷达组件内部电路板常用关键芯片的好坏,而不必更换整个笨重的分机组件备件,从而使维修新一代天气雷达发射机故障变得便捷、高效、经济。新一代天气雷达发射机常用芯片自动检测系统研制完成后在多个台站得到了试用,试用效果良好,可为其他新一代天气雷达站快速维修新一代天气雷达发射机提供借鉴和参考。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...