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利用林火资料和气象资料,通过建立概率模型模拟单因子对森林火险气象等级的单因子贡献度,然后通过四级判別得出综合模型,再根据不同季节植被因子对天气火险等级进行订正,最终得出森林火险气象等级。用此模型,对1981—2000年逐曰74个站进行了森林火险气象等级计算,形成文本文件和库文件;对每日的实时资料进行火险气象等级计算;根据T213数值预报产品,计算未来24小时的火险气象等级。全省31个站的火险等级在省台服务器上以MICAPS第三类数据格式存放或通过“黑龙江省短期森林火险气象等级顿报系统”调看。 相似文献
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根据森林火险气象等级的计算方法,基于2011—2020年祁连山区林区森林火险气象等级资料,筛选地面人工增雨作业后森林火险气象等级下降到零级火险解除的典型过程,分析地面人工增雨作业对祁连山森林火险气象等级的影响。结果表明:祁连山区各林区森林火险气象等级为四级及以上的主要时段集中在4—6月、9—11月,具有明显的季节分布特征;2011—2020年在祁连山西、中和东段区域共实施471次人工增雨作业,223%的作业后森林火险气象等级没有降低,461%的作业后森林火险气象等级有下降但没有降到零级,316%的作业后森林火险气象等级降到零级,共149次,其中有671%为三级以上森林火险气象等级;在自然降水和人工增雨作业的共同影响下,祁连山森林火险气象等级显著降低,以祁连山东段林区森林火险等级的降低效果最显著。 相似文献
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采用数理统计的方法,增加了MODIS卫星遥感监测的土壤湿度和热源点预报因子,对河北省气象局原有的森林火险预报模式进行了改进,针对不同区域分别建立了森林火险预报模式,并对2012年河北省森林火灾实际发生情况进行了分析和应用效果检验。结果表明,2012年防火期,实况出现火灾,改进的火险模式预报森林火险气象等级5级为预报完全正确比率达66.3%;预报火险气象等级为4级(高度火险)及以上的正确率达83.1%;预报火险气象等级为3级(中度火险)及以上的正确率达98.8%;在所有的预报样本中,森林火险气象等级预报5级,但实况没有出现火灾的空报率为6.8%。检验结果显示,改进后的森林火险预报模式的应用效果更接近实际情况。 相似文献
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森林火灾严重威胁生态安全和国民经济,由于不同林地的气候以及可燃物存在差异,森林火险具有明显的区域性特征。因此,在考虑气象因子的基础上,将可燃物含水率引入小区域的森林火险指数的计算,对建立更精确的小区域森林火险等级标准和预报模型具有重要意义。本研究系统地分析了2013—2016年井冈山地区森林可燃物含水率与气象因子的分布频率及因子间的相互关系。通过主成分分析方法对所有因子进行降维处理,获得火险因子得分方程,并计算出2013—2016年井冈山地区逐日森林火险指数,进而构建火险等级划分和森林火险等级预报模型。结果表明:井冈山森林火险等级划分为5类,分别为低(火险值≤0.024)、较低(0.024火险值≤0.067)、高(0.067火险值≤0.167)、较高(0.167火险值≤0.232)、极高(火险值0.232)。基于BP神经网络模型构建了井冈山森林火险等级预报模型,预测精度可达96.4%。并利用2013—2017年卫星监测到的井冈山地区热源点数据对模型进行检验,预报准确率高达92.3%,表明该火险等级标准和预报模型能够满足井冈山地区日常防火业务需求。 相似文献
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重庆市森林火险变化特征及气象条件分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用重庆市34个气象站1961-2007年逐日气象观测资料以及同期NECP/NCAR逐月再分析数据,根据森林火险环境气象指数的定义,研究了重庆市森林火灾变化特征,并对春季和盛夏高森林火险等级下的典型年份的大气环流特征进行了分析。结果表明:重庆林火次数具有明显的年、季、月、日变化特征,盛夏(7-9月)和春季(2-4月)为2个高峰期,其林火次数占全年林火总数的78%,其中8月最多(占全年林火总数的18%),午后是森林火灾多发时段;春季重庆市高森林火险的大气环流特征表现为:乌拉尔山、贝加尔湖和鄂霍茨克海地区500 hPa位势高度偏低,四川盆地高度场偏高,冷空气在中高纬地区堆积,天气活动主锋区偏北;盛夏重庆市高森林火险的环流特征为:巴尔喀什湖和鄂霍茨克海地区500 hPa位势高度显著偏低,朝鲜半岛位势高度显著偏高,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北。 相似文献
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山西运城市森林火险等级预报系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用有关气象及森林火灾资料,分析了林林火灾的发生与气象条件、火条件及森林含水率的关系,计算了森林火险综合预报指标,建立了以预报方程,经试用效果良好。 相似文献
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通过对1987年1月 ̄1990年4月期间发生在湖北省的森林火灾过程进行分析,建立了一套较客观的火险天气环流形势预报指标,经过3年多的应用,预报效果良好。另外,还利用地面气象要素分析研究出通过计算燃料中水分的得失,从而得到预报火险等级的方法。经过1995年11月-1996年1月的检验,结果表明:这一预报方法具有一定的预报技巧,在林火天气预报中能起很好的参考作用。 相似文献
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Daily meteorological data at 263 stations in northern China from 1956 to 2005 were used to calculate various forest fire danger weather (FFDW) indices, such as Nesterov Index (NI), Modified Nesterov Index (MNI), Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), and Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), at different time scales. The relationship between each index and forest fire was analyzed. MNI and FFDI were then selected to study the impact on forest fire danger due to climatic change in northern China in the recent 50?years. Results show that forest fire danger has significantly increased in Northeast China where there is the richest forest resource in China, and also increased in North China. However, it has not changed much in eastern part of Northwest China, and the forest fire danger has even significantly decreased in northern Xinjiang. Significant rise of forest fire danger in Northeast China mainly results from the co-effect of increase of temperature, and decreases of humidity and precipitation. Relative humidity change dominants forest fire danger trends in the four forest regions in northern China. 相似文献
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The most appropriate indices with which to quantify Australian bushfire danger are the McArthur fire danger meters. These meters use meteorological information to produce a fire danger index that is directly related to the chance of a fire starting - and to the severity of a fire once it has started. The Mark 5 forest-fire danger meter uses air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, plus a drought factor that is calculated using daily rainfall and temperature information.Three years of daily data generated from the CSIRO four-level general circulation model, and thirty years of daily data generated from the CSIRO nine-level model were used to estimate the daily McArthur forest fire danger index for simulations corresponding to present conditions, and to those corresponding to doubled atmospheric CO2. The performance of these models with respect to fire danger was tested by comparing the fire danger index for Sale (in the Eastern part of Victoria, South-eastern Australia) calculated from analysis of daily climatological data with the modelled annual cumulative forest fire danger index for the grid point that was representative of Sale. Data from both models for all Australian grid points were also examined. Both models predict an increase in fire danger over much of Australia for their doubled CO2 scenarios.The results from the models confirm that annually averaged daily relative humidity is the single most important variable in the estimation of forest fire danger on an annual basis, yet the models tend to produce relative humidities that are slightly too low so that the fire danger is overestimated. A simple one-box model of evaporation indicates that the value of relative humidity to be expected under an altered climatic regime depends on the modelled relation between actual and potential evaporation, the present values of relative humidity and evaporation rate, as well as on the expected changes in wind speed. 相似文献
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Alexander Arpaci Chris S. Eastaugh Harald Vacik 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(3-4):393-406
The interpretation and communication of fire danger warning levels based on fire weather index values are critical for fire management activities. A number of different indices have been developed for various environmental conditions, and many of them are currently applied in operational warning systems. To select an appropriate combination of such indices to work in different ecoregions in mountainous, hilly and flat terrain is challenging. This study analyses the performance of a total of 22 fire weather indices and two raw meteorological variables to predict wildfire occurrence for different ecological regions of Austria with respect to the different characteristics in climate and fire regimes. A median-based linear model was built based on percentile results on fire days and non-fire days to get quantifiable measures of index performance using slope and intercept of an index on fire days. We highlight the finding that one single index is not optimal for all Austrian regions in both summer and winter fire seasons. The summer season (May–November) shows that the Canadian build-up index, the Keetch Byram Drought Index and the mean daily temperature have the best performance; in the winter season (December–April), the M68dwd is the best performing index. It is shown that the index performance on fire days where larger fires appeared is better and that the uncertainties related to the location of the meteorological station can influence the overall results. A proposal for the selection of the best performing fire weather indices for each Austrian ecoregion is made. 相似文献
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基于遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS),利用由基于DEM演算的地面最高温度、最小相对湿度和最大风速等格点化气象要素,FY2静止气象卫星逐日降水反演产品和AVHRR积雪监测产品计算网格森林火险天气等级,结合由植被类型、NDVI、地形要素和公路、人口聚居地等要素评估的森林火险风险等级,综合计算得到网格化的西藏森林火险等级。该项业务程序基于MeteoInfo组件建立,能够实现全自动化业务运行。对于森林火灾事件,通过与基于气象站的森林火险天气等级相比,该方法的准确性更高,能为西藏林区森林防火工作提供有效参考。 相似文献
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地市级专业气象预报服务系统 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用9210传输的气象资料,通过计算预报因子和预报对象间的相关系数,挑选预报因子,建立多因子权重回归方程,用于气象要素、森林火险气象等级、城镇火险气象等级、空气环境质量等级预报。此外,根据调查指标和实践经验,建立了医疗气象、储运气象、商业气象预报判据。 相似文献