CINRAD/SA雷达径向速度产品特性及应用解释

结合济南CINRAD／SA雷达探测实例，阐述了雷达径向速度产品的特性和实际应用技术问题，对更好地应用新一代天气雷达产品和短期、短时天气预报业务应用有指示意义。     

新一代天气雷达与常规天气雷达性能浅析

对我省新一代天气雷达和常规天气雷达的技术指标，发射接收体制及探测性能的差异等进行了分析，在实际业务应用中具有一定参考价值。     

东北冷涡的多普勒雷达资料特征分析

多普勒雷达探测东北冷涡具有一定的径向速度特征；应用蓝金(Rankine)模式进行数值模拟，结果表明，其模拟的多普勒速度分布特征与多普勒雷达实际探测冷涡的特征极其相似；根据多普勒径向速度特征确定冷涡中心，进而应用不同时刻资料确定冷涡的移动路径，对实际业务有很好的应用价值。     

合阳县经济林果区划

详细介绍了雷达等射束高度图的制作原理和方法，并分析了运城测雨雷达的探测能力，以及实际应用中注意的问题。     

数字化测雨雷达的组网与拼图

从气象业务的实际应用出发，阐明了以呼和浩特713天气雷达为主站，集宁、东胜711天气雷达为子站进行数字化天气雷达组网、拼图的意义和作用。论证了组网拼图的必要性及研制实施过程中的依据和方法，提出了目前尚存在的问题及投入业务应用和建立广域的中西部测雨雷达组网拼图的设想和方案。     

多普勒天气雷达强对流实时监测系统

伊犁河谷多发局地中小尺度强对流天气.对雷达产品进一步开发,使其在实际工作中得到充分应用.减轻工作人员的劳动强度和避免发生责任性事故.对多普勒雷达产品的深入研究,为新一代天气雷达本地化的综合应用打下了基础.     

单部多普勒天气雷达对降水中垂直流场结构的探测研究

该文提出用单部多普勒天气雷达距离高度扫描（RHI）的探测资料，从大气运动连续方程出发，在实际流场的二维假设下，反演雷达探测区域内的垂直剖面流场结构。通过个例试验表明，反演结果比较合理。该方法可供多普勒天气雷达探测研究应用。     

遵义713数字雷达测量雨量及误差分析

本文介绍了数值雷达测量雨量的方法及实际应用．并对雨量测量与实际降水进行对比分析,讨论其误差及形成原因。指出实际运用雷达测量降水作短时预报时应注意的事项。     

测雨效率方程及其应用

本文提出了雷达测雨效率的理论方程,用实际雷达观测资料对它进行了验证,提出了它的一些应用。     

应用中小尺度回波系统的演变特征来证正雷达对降水的定量测量

在实际应用雷达进行定量测量降水时，必须考虑中小尺度回波系统的演变，可应用这些系统的变特征 来对Ｚ－Ｒ关系测量降水的工作进行动态的订证，以进一步提高其精度。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Addressing the necessity of the registration of the effects of causal mechanics in the example of a simple barotropic model of the atmosphere

Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer

The heighth of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h increases as ¦¦^1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as ^–1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth _u determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h _u behaves asymptotically as ¦¦^–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh .     

接地降阻剂的PH值的探讨

1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到…     

阴山山脉对内蒙古中部地区气象要素影响初探

文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。     

2003年黑龙江省主要灾害性天气及其对作物生长发育和粮食产量的影响

利用40年气温、降水资料和历史上千旱、低温严重的年份与2003年进行对比分析．评估黑龙江省2003年发生的严重灾害的分布范同,灾害程度,及其对主要粮食作物生长发育和产量的影响。得出2003年的灾害是30年未遇的全省性严重灾害年,各种灾害对各种作物都产生了不同程度的影响,受害最重的作物是小麦。     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002