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1.
淮河上游短时强降水天气学分型与物理诊断量阈值初探   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用常规高空、地面气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2001—2010年淮河上游短时强降水过程进行中尺度天气分析和物理量场诊断。然后,根据该区域短时强降水的环流形势和主要影响系统,将短时强降水过程分为副高边缘型、低槽型和台风倒槽型,其中副高边缘型又分为副高和低槽共同影响型、副高控制型和下滑槽副高型,归纳各类短时强降水天气系统配置模型,并提炼出表征短时强降水天气的物理量阈值。结果表明,淮河上游77.8%的短时强降水与西太平洋副热带高压有关,中低层多有急流、切变线和低涡,地面影响系统多为倒槽、辐合线和弱冷锋。短时强降水发生在低层辐合、高层辐散、低层正涡度以及中层上升运动的动力条件下;中低层有较强暖湿空气输送,湿区深厚,强降水发生在假相当位温(θse)大值区顶部;0℃层高度较高,中层风切变小,低层风切变较大,有利于短时强降水发生。  相似文献   

2.
通过对2006-2012年黄南州各地1h降水量≥25mm的短时强降水时空分布及环境场分析。结果表明:短时强降水时空特征为北少南多势态,河南最多,集中发生在7、8月份,一日的16-21时,均为单锋型;短时强降水过程的高空形势为副高边缘型、低涡切变型和西北气流冷平流型三种类型,其中副高边缘型强降水是黄南州主要高空环流形式,发生在冷锋前的暖区里;短时强降水天气过程开始前及发生时地面至中空湿度近似饱和,温度露点差小于4℃,触发短时强降水的冷空气侵入不同,副高边缘型温度场反应对流层中低层暖脊控制,对流层低层到地面有弱冷空气侵入,低涡切变型是对流层低层强冷空气的侵入,西北气流型是对流层中层冷空气入侵,对流层低层为暖空气控制;降水区一般在高空西风急流轴的南侧,高空西风急流出口区右侧存在辐散上升气流,有利于强对流天气的形成,低空显著气流为强降水区提供足够的水汽及不稳定层结的建立和维持;地面中尺度辐合线是强降水的中尺度影响系统;总结出短时强降水中尺度概念模型。  相似文献   

3.
利用青海52个地面气象站小时降水并结合常规观测资料和NCEP FNL再分析资料,使用K-means聚类法和合成分析方法,将青海的短时强降水天气环流形势配置划分为西风气流型、副热带高压型和高原低涡切变型。结果表明:(1)青海短时强降水发生在95°E以东地区,中心在东南部;主要出现在5-9月,8月最多,7月次之;每日17:00-2:00(北京时)出现站次多。(2)西风气流型的影响系统是高空槽和平直西风短波槽,高低空风垂直切变引起的动力不稳定导致短时强降水发生;副热带高压型是以低层偏南或偏东暖湿气流引起的热力不稳定造成短时强降水;高原低涡切变型是高原加热及弱冷空气活动使得低层锋区加强触发短时强降水。(3)合成分析表明:对流层高层的南亚高压和副热带西风急流,对流层中低层的短波槽、冷式和暖式辐合切变线,偏南暖湿气流,高原加热场等是短时强降水发生的主要影响系统。(4)来自印度季风低压偏南方向的水汽、西太平洋副热带高压东南方向的水汽、西风带高空槽西北方向的水汽在青海东部形成水汽辐合区,有利于短时强降水发生。  相似文献   

4.
北京地区酸雨的天气影响因素及降水化学特征分析   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
对北京市2003-2009年的全市性酸雨过程进行研究,分析了影响北京地区酸雨的主要天气系统,并结合气流后向轨迹分析和上甸子站酸雨离子成分浓度分析,得到如下结论:影响北京地区酸雨的天气系统主要为低涡低槽型、西来槽型和副高边缘型天气系统.3种天气系统对应的降水平均pH值均小于4.5,达到强酸雨水平.降水前北京地区受持续的偏南风影响、上升运动的强度较强且维持时间较长,降水前出现逆温现象,都是导致北京地区出现强酸雨的重要因素.对北京大气污染有影响的气流轨迹在低涡低槽、西来槽和副高边缘型天气系统的比例分别为59%、74%和66%.西来槽型天气系统的电导率K值与水溶性离子浓度明显高于低涡低槽型和副高边缘型.  相似文献   

5.
2000年8月16—17日,环北京地区出现较大范围暴雨天气过程。利用NCEP再分析资料并结合地面、高空观测资料,对本次暴雨过程的成因进行了初步的分析,结果表明:在高空西来槽和东北冷涡的环流形势下,高空辐散强迫抽吸作用和低层辐合共同作用造成强上升运动、低层有向北京地区的水汽输送,在以上两个条件成熟的情况下,前期对流不稳定能量的聚集和适时释放,也是造成此次强降水的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

6.
强对流天气形势聚类分析中SOM方法应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用2001—2008年5—9月京津冀地区175个气象站危险天气报、灾情报告及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用自组织特征映射方法(SOM)对该地区5—9月的天气形势进行客观聚类分型,并对各型的环流特征及其主要造成的强对流天气类型进行分析。结果表明:①天气形势主要有4类:以短时强降水为主的暖湿切变型,主要出现在7、8月;以冰雹天气为主伴随短时强降水和雷暴大风的冷涡型,主要出现在6、7月;以雷暴大风为主的西北气流型,主要出现在5月;以雷暴大风和短时强降水为主的西风槽型,主要是出现在6、9月。②暖湿切变型主要特征是低层为暖湿气流和充足的水汽输送、中层为西风气流;冷涡型中高层有较强偏北气流的干冷空气侵入和低层有较好的水汽条件;西北气流型中高层有强烈的干冷空气侵入和强垂直风切变;西风槽型的动力、热力条件都较弱。③西北气流型和冷涡型出现强对流天气的频率最高,达65%以上,暖湿切变型次之,西风槽型最低。  相似文献   

7.
利用2011-2020年6-8月全国2400个地面自动站观测的逐小时降水资料和常规观测,结合美国NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°的6 h间隔再分析资料,基于站点统计了冷涡背景下东北地区短时强降水的时空分布特征。然后着眼降水落区,基于冷涡位置、形状、发展阶段以及与热带系统的相互作用等将冷涡短时强降水分为西北气流型、纬向型、南涡型、副高型和经向型,并讨论了5类短时强降水的对流参数特征。结果表明:6月,冷涡短时强降水多由中涡造成,7月和8月主要由北涡引起。短时强降水主要发生在午后,17:00(北京时)达到峰值。冷涡短时强降水高频区位于辽宁,次高频区位于吉林中部、黑龙江中西部和东北部。不同类型的短时强降水,其降水落区在冷涡不同发展阶段有所差异。冷涡短时强降水发生在条件不稳定的大气中,西北气流型、纬向型和经向型短时强降水的850 hPa与500 hPa温差一般大于25℃;副高型和南涡型短时强降水的850 hPa与500 hPa温差一般小于24℃,但地面露点和可降水量明显比其他3类大。5类短时强降水的对流有效位能一般不超过1500 J·kg~(-1)。大多数情况下,副高型短时强降水发生在中等强度的垂直风切变环境中,其他4类发生在弱的垂直风切变环境中。  相似文献   

8.
从现代短期、短时临近天气预报出发,计算部分因子在有强对流天气和无强对流天气时的季节平均值,进行对流参数与强对流天气的相关性分析,获得了对流参数与强对流天气的相关系数;应用系统树聚类法将雷暴分为:东北低涡、蒙古冷涡、短波槽、副高边缘4种类型;将冰雹分为:西北气流、冷低槽、冷涡3种类型;将暴雨分为:冷锋、深槽、低涡东移、小高切变、副高东撤等5种类型。在每一种强对流天气型下,选择不同的对流参数进行了试验,获得了不同天气型下基于对流参数的强对流潜势预报指标及其临界值。  相似文献   

9.
统计分析了影响卢氏县降水的天气系统,结果表明:冬春季节可能造成降水的天气系统有西风槽、低层东北风和高空西南气流相结合、高空西南气流和地面倒槽相结合等,夏秋季节有西风槽、东西向切变线、南北向切变线、黄淮气旋、华北冷涡、高空强冷平流区、偏南气流等.华北冷涡、高空强冷平流影响时,产生冰雹的可能性很大;西风槽、东西向切变线、南北向切变线、黄淮气旋、偏南气流影响时,有利于暴雨产生.  相似文献   

10.
统计分析了影响卢氏县降水的天气系统,结果表明:冬春季节可能造成降水的天气系统有西风槽、低层东北风和高空西南气流相结合、高空西南气流和地面倒槽相结合等,夏秋季节有西风槽、东西向切变线、南北向切变线、黄淮气旋、华北冷涡、高空强冷平流区、偏南气流等.华北冷涡、高空强冷平流影响时,产生冰雹的可能性很大;西风槽、东西向切变线、南北向切变线、黄淮气旋、偏南气流影响时,有利于暴雨产生.  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

14.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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