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1.
以台风路径数值预报的短时效预报偏差和目标时效(指所需订正的时效)的纬度预报为预报因子,采用多元线性回归方法建立了台风路径预报的偏差预估方程,继而对台风路径预报进行实时订正。本文以12 h为短时效,通过对欧洲中期天气预报中心确定性预报模式(ECMWF-IFS)和集合预报模式(ECMWF-EPS)的台风路径预报的应用,得到以下结论:2018年试报结果表明,24 h、36 h、48 h、60 h、72 h、84 h订正后的ECMWF-IFS台风路径预报的平均距离误差分别比订正前减小了7.3 km、9.3 km、8.9 km、6.5 km、6.9 km、2.6 km,总体来说较强台风(指12 h的台风强度实况≥32.7 m s?1)路径预报的订正效果更好。尝试了先对ECMWF-EPS各成员的台风路径预报进行订正,再进行集成预报,并对比了以下5种方式得到的台风路径预报:“订正后的确定性预报”、“所有集合预报成员集合平均”、“优选集合预报成员集合平均”、“所有集合预报成员先订正再集合平均”和“优选集合预报成员先订正再集合平均”,2018年试报结果表明,对于平均距离误差,24 h和36 h“优选集合预报成员先订正再集合平均”最小,48 h和60 h“所有集合预报成员先订正再集合平均”最小,72 h和84 h“优选集合预报成员集合平均”最小,如果在业务中有针对性地进行应用,有望获得一个在各预报时效表现都较优异的台风路径客观综合预报结果。24 h、36 h、48 h、60 h“优选集合预报成员先订正再集合平均”的平均距离误差分别比“所有集合预报成员集合平均”减小了13.3 km、11.7 km、10.0 km、7.6 km,比中央气象台官方预报(对应的时效为12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h)减小了0.7 km、2.0 km、3.9 km、2.4 km。  相似文献   

2.
2011年西北太平洋热带气旋预报精度评定   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
陈国民  汤杰  曾智华 《气象》2012,38(10):1238-1246
本文对2011年西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)业务定位和预报精度进行评定,内容包括TC定位、确定性路径和强度预报以及路径集合预报。结果表明:业务定位总平均误差为24.9 km;国内各综合预报方法24、48和72 h的总体平均距离误差分别为112.6、209.7和333.6 km;国内各业务数值模式24、48和72 h预报的总体平均距离误差分别为121.4、220.1和380.5 km,均比2010年有所减小,但各模式的强度预报能力仍不如客观预报方法。对7个集合预报系统的TC路径预报能力进行评估,发现ECMWF集合预报系统的整体表现最好,其次是NCEP集合预报系统,这两个系统在某些时效的集合平均预报接近或超过综合预报水平。国家气象中心集合预报系统处中游水平。  相似文献   

3.
2012年中国南海台风模式预报情况   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过统计和评估中国南海台风模式2012年的预报结果,得出了2012年各种类型热带气旋的预报质量情况。由于在动力过程优化及水物质和边界层的改进方面做了不少工作,使得中国南海台风模式的全年平均距离误差第一次在历史上突破了100 km以下,且无论是24 h、48 h及72 h的路径还是强度预报都比历年要好很多,从2012年全年的台风路径预报效果来看,有一半的台风24 h路径预报误差在100 km以下大部分台风48 h路径预报误差在200 km以下。另外,2012年中国南海台风模式对强TC的路径预报仍然象往年一样要优于弱TC;而强度预报则相反,对于较弱的强热带风暴预报其效果反而最好。个例分析发现副高强度位置及相关的西伸活动对台风路径预报有较大影响;同时,减少模式位势高度的总体平均RMSE误差对台风路径预报准确率的提高有相当重要的作用。  相似文献   

4.
2007年国内台风模式路径预报效果评估   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
马雷鸣  李佳  黄伟  梁旭东 《气象》2008,34(10):74-80
使用中央气象台提供的台风中心定位报文资料、国内台风业务预报部门提供的台风模式路径预报报文资料和台风所气候持续性方法路径预报报文资料等,对2007年中央气象台编号的热带气旋对国内5种台风业务数值预报模式的路径预报效果进行了检验评估,检验内容主要包括距离误差、技巧评分和稳定度指标等.结果表明:(1)国内各模式24h/48h预报平均距离误差最小值为122.8km/246.3km,最大值为180.7km/304.4km.各模式24h/48h预报最大误差为1429.7km/1003.7km, 最小误差为11.2km/10.1km.24h/48h预报平均距离误差为147km/267km.平均而言,导致路径预报误差最大的是0707号热带气旋帕布,误差在其登陆后尤为明显.(2)相对于上海台风研究所路径预报气候持续法做了各种数值预报方法的技巧评分:各模式24h/48h预报平均技巧评分为32%/43%,最高的技巧评分为48%/54%, 最低的技巧评分为3.17%/33.53%.其中4个模式的24h/48h技巧评分高于36%/33%.(3)检验了距离稳定度、方向稳定度、有效稳定度等指标,以全面评估各模式的路径预报性能.该评估结果在一定程度上反映了当前国内台风路径数值预报相对于常用气候统计方法的优越性,同时也表明,尽管国内台风数值预报模式对于热带气旋在海上时的路径预报有一定的稳定性,但对热带气旋登陆后转向过程的预报表现出了较大误差.因此,在模式开发的下一步工作中,除台风初始化之外,还应结合登陆台风的特点,对边界层和陆面过程参数化等作针对性的研究.  相似文献   

5.
2016年GRAPES_TYM改进及对台风预报影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了进一步提高国家气象中心区域模式台风数值预报系统(GRAPES_TYM)的预报能力,2016年对模式参考大气廓线以及涡旋初始化方案进行了改进:由模式初始场水平方向平均的一维参考大气代替原来的等温大气,涡旋初始化方案取消了原涡旋重定位并将涡旋强度调整半径由原来的12°减小到4°。对2014—2016年的生命史超过3 d的所有台风进行了回算,路径及近地面最大风速统计误差分析表明:参考大气的改进可以减小模式对台风预报路径预报的系统北偏和平均路径误差,尤其是140°E以东的转向台风。涡旋初始化方案中强度调整半径的减小会进一步减小模式预报路径的北偏趋势,从而进一步减小平均误差。同业务系统预报结果相比,改进后的GRAPES_TYM(包括参考大气和涡旋初始化)可以使平均路径误差分别减小10%(24 h),12%(48 h),16%(72 h),14%(96 h)以及15%(120 h)。同美国NCEP全球模式路径预报相比,GRAPES_TYM在西行、西北行登陆我国的台风路径预报有一定优势。  相似文献   

6.
以GRAPES-TCM为试验模式设计3种集合方案对2011年9个台风进行109次72 h的路径集合预报试验。结果显示:在3种集合方案中,路径预报效果总体最好的是方案1,其路径平均绝对误差与台风移速、移向的总体偏差都最小;方案1和方案2的平均绝对误差与台风移速、移向的总体偏差都小于它们的控制预报的结果,集合预报表现出优于确定性预报的预报能力;与实况比较,3种集合方案预报的台风移向总体以偏右为主,台风移速在积分后期以偏慢为主;方案1的路径离散度最大,方案3最小,3种方案的集合离散度比其合理的离散度都明显偏小;与国内外8个业务数值模式的预报结果比较,方案1的路径预报优于除欧洲中心数值模式以外的7个业务模式的预报,表现出一定的业务应用价值。  相似文献   

7.
我国台风路径业务预报误差及成因分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
余锦华  唐家翔  戴雨菡  虞本颖 《气象》2012,38(6):695-700
利用2005 2009年中国气象局(CMA)提供的西北太平洋(包括南海)台风路径业务预报资料,比较了各类型台风路径、台风登陆位置及登陆时间的预报误差,登陆台风不同阶段以及华东登陆和华南登陆台风的路径预报误差。结果表明:CMA在2005 2009年的路径预报水平与1999 2003年的相比有了显著提高。平均南海台风预报误差大于西北太平洋。异常路径台风主要出现于南海,三个预报时效(24、48和72 h)异常路径的预报误差平均都小于正常路径。将登陆台风分为远海、登陆期间和登陆后三个阶段,显示登陆期间台风预报误差最大,同一阶段华南登陆台风的预报误差大于华东登陆台风。台风登陆位置在24、48和72 h预报时效的平均预报误差分别为71.1、122.6和210.6 km,48和72 h台风实际登陆时间有70%早于预报时间,平均分别提早8和12 h。比较大尺度引导气流与台风移动的偏差及24 h路径预报误差,得到南海三种典型登陆台风路径的大尺度引导气流与台风移动的偏差及其与路径预报误差的关系不一样,即误差成因不同。南海倒抛物线型的大尺度引导气流与台风移动的偏差最大,其预报误差最小;西一西北型的大尺度引导气流与台风移动的偏差最小,其预报误差最大,可能与大尺度环流预报准确性差有关。登陆华东的预报误差小于登陆华南台风的预报误差,这与台风登陆华南时其大尺度引导气流和台风移动的偏差大于登陆华东的台风有关。  相似文献   

8.
2010年西北太平洋台风预报精度评定及分析   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
汤杰  陈国民  余晖 《气象》2011,37(10):1320-1328
按照《台风业务和服务规定》的相关要求,本文对2010年中央气象台编号的14个台风(即1001~1014号西北太平洋热带气旋,以下统称为台风)的业务定位和业务预报精度进行了评定。评定结果表明:国内各家综合预报24h,48h和72h平均距离误差分别为110.0 km(1392次)、210.6 km(945次)和322.4 km(364次),比2009年相应预报时效有一定减小。国内外各家数值模式同样本比较显示:欧洲中心数值模式(ECMWF)在不同时效路径预报中均表现最好,日本数值模式(JAPN)表现其次。相对于国内各家数值模式,上述两家国外模式的路径预报表现出一定优势。进一步分析发现我国各数值模式与ECMWF模式更大的路径预报水平差距是由于台风移动方向预报差距,而台风移动速度预报相对较好;而日本数值与ECMWF模式的差距更主要的体现在移动速度方面。我国各家模式与ECMWF数值模式初始时效(12 h和24 h)的预报差距比后续预报时效(36 h和48 h)大。随着预报时效延长,国内数值模式与ECMWF模式的预报差距逐步减小。  相似文献   

9.
董林  高拴柱  许映龙  吕心艳  黄奕武 《气象》2019,45(9):1322-1334
利用历史台风最佳路径、中央气象台台风路径强度实时预报,以及ECMWF数值预报和NCEP海温实况等资料,对2017年西北太平洋台风活动的主要特征和预报难点进行了分析,结果表明:2017年台风生成具有源地偏西、南海台风偏多和台风群发特征明显等特征;台风活动具有年度活跃程度低、台风极值强度偏弱和超强台风异常偏少等特征;台风登陆具有登陆台风个数多、登陆地点偏南、登陆强度偏弱等特征。对2017年度的预报误差进行分析,结果显示:24、48、72、96和120 h台风路径预报误差分别为74、137、233、318、428 km,各时效误差均较2016年有所增加;但与日本、美国相比,除120 h外,中国路径预报水平依然处于领先地位。 24、48、72、96和120 h台风强度误差分别为3.6、5.4、6.6、7.4和6.8 m·s-1,较2016年有所减小,24 h误差为历史最低值。强度预报水平居于日本、美国之间。另外,2017年最主要的预报难点是双台风或多台风之间复杂的相互作用和近海快速加强台风的强度预报。  相似文献   

10.
国家气象中心台风路径数值预报模式经过串行优化及程序并行, 成功地实现了在国产超级计算机神威上的并行运算, 并可满足业务时效要求。基于并行程序及神威机计算平台的台风路径数值预报业务系统于2002年6月30日投入实时运行, 其初估场与侧边界条件从T106L19模式产品升级为T213L31模式产品 (称为基于T213台风预报系统, 原串行系统称为基于T106台风预报系统)。通过对2002年夏秋季台风路径的检验, 总体来看, 基于T213台风预报系统48 h内的平均路径预报误差小于基于T106台风预报系统的路径预报误差。对西行及西北行登陆的台风, 基于T106台风预报系统的48 h预报好于基于T213台风预报系统的预报。对于转向台风而言, 转向后的预报, 基于T213台风预报系统的预报要好于基于T106台风预报系统的预报, 有效地减小了基于T106台风预报系统对转向台风路径预报的系统性误差:即台风转向后预报路径较实况路径偏西。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

16.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

17.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

18.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

19.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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