共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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该文从雷电定位技术的研发、北京地区闪电特征和时空分布、闪电活动与强对流天气过程、雷电预警预报研究、雷电物理过程研究和雷暴起电放电数值模式研究6个方面综述了雷电研究的一些结果和近期的研究进展。通过对雷电多方面的研究, 对雷电放电特征有了较系统地了解, 特别是对北京地区的雷电时空分布特征有了较清晰地认识; 在雷电预警预报技术和方法、雷电物理过程等方面也取得了一些重要进展。但由于雷电发生的时空随机性和瞬时性, 对闪电放电物理过程的观测试验和理论研究十分困难, 目前对我国闪电活动规律的认识也仍然不够全面。因此需要对雷暴内动力、微物理和起电放电过程及它们之间的相关性开展深入和长期的基础研究, 加深对雷电发生发展特征的认识和理解, 这将为雷电预警预报以及雷电监测资料在强对流天气过程的监测预警中发挥更重要的作用提供理论基础; 而在雷电激发和传输研究的基础上, 开展地闪连接过程和不同频段雷电电磁辐射对电子设备的破坏效应等雷电成灾机理研究, 将为雷电防护技术的提高提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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利用闪电定位监测系统、天气雷达系统、地面气象站构成雷电监测网络,结合气象卫星资料、高空探测资料和天气影响系统进行综合分析,进一步了解、掌握雷电发生发展物理过程和雷电形成机制,做出雷暴天气潜势、短时和临近预报、达到对雷暴等强对流灾害性天气的监测和预警。 相似文献
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海风雷暴的观测分析和数值模拟研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
沿海地区经济相对繁荣,城市化水平较高,对天气和气候的依赖性强,突发性强对流天气所造成的灾害也会更加严重;同时沿海地区的强对流天气又与海风环流密切相关,因此沿海地区海风雷暴的研究受到了日益广泛的关注,成为了气象学和大气科学中的重要研究对象。在过去的半个多世纪中,海风雷暴的观测和模拟研究取得了大量的研究成果。本文通过对这些研究工作进行回顾和总结,系统地分析了国内外的研究现状,重点讨论了海风雷暴的结构和特征、发展演变过程、触发机制及其预报预警。最后对海风雷暴未来的研究方向进行了探讨,提出了一些有待于研究或需深入研究的问题,以利于今后更好的开展有关海风雷暴的工作,加深对其发生发展规律的认识,提高预报预警水平。 相似文献
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中国当代强对流天气研究与业务进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对当代中国几十年来强对流天气研究和业务进展做了阐述,主要包括强对流系统产生的环境背景和主要组织形态,以及具体强对流天气的有利环境条件、触发机制、卫星云图特征、多普勒天气雷达回波特征以及预报、预警技术等诸方面。总体来看,中国学者对强对流以及不同类型强对流天气(强冰雹、龙卷、雷暴大风)发生、发展的环流背景以及通过雷达和卫星观测到的组织结构及其演变特征都已有了明确认识,研究了对流系统的多种触发机制,深入认识了超级单体、飑线等对流系统的环境条件、组织结构特征和维持机制,了解了中国中尺度对流系统的组织形态和气候分布特征,获得了强冰雹、龙卷、下击暴流和雷暴大风等的雷达、卫星和闪电等的多尺度观测特征、形成机制和现场灾害调查特征,发展了各类强对流天气识别、监测和分析方法以及基于“配料法”和深度学习方法等的预报、预警技术等。因此,强对流天气业务预报水平已得到显著提升。 相似文献
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Lightning meteorology focuses on investigating the lightning activities in different types of convective weather systems and the relationship of lightning to the dynamic and microphysical processes in thunder- storms. With the development and application of advanced lightning detection and location technologies, lightning meteorology has been developed into an important interdiscipline between atmospheric electricity and meteorology. This paper mainly reviews the advances of lightning meteorology research in recent years in China from the following five aspects: 1) development of advanced lightning location technology, 2) char- acteristics of lightning activity in different convective systems, 3) relationship of lightning to the dynamic and microphysical processes in thunderstorms, 4) charge structure of thunderstorms, and 5) lightning data assimilation techniques and application to severe weather forecasting. In addition, some important aspects on future research of the lightning meteorology are proposed. 相似文献
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从一般雷暴、灾害性雷暴和台风的闪电活动特征以及雷暴闪电尺度特征四个方面对相关研究进行梳理。一般雷暴通常具有正常极性电荷结构,云/地闪比例在3左右(中纬度地区),地闪中正地闪占比为10%左右,负地闪位置往往更集中于对流区。灾害性雷暴倾向具有活跃的云闪,低比例的地闪,易出现反极性电荷结构,正地闪比例偏高。闪电活动与灾害性天气现象之间存在关联性,部分雹暴过程具有两次闪电活跃阶段。台风中大部分闪电发生在外雨带,眼壁/外雨带闪电爆发很可能预示气旋强度的增强以及路径的改变。由闪电持续时间、通道空间扩展所表征的闪电尺度与雷暴对流强度相关。弱对流雷暴或雷暴的弱对流区域可能由水平扩展、垂直分层的电荷分布形态主导,闪电频次低,闪电空间尺度大;强对流雷暴或雷暴的强对流区域可能由交错分布的小电荷区主导,闪电频次高,闪电尺度小。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Research》2010,95(4):715-725
Flash floods are associated with highly localized convective storms producing heavy rainfall. Quantitative precipitation forecasting of such storms will potentially benefit from explicit representations of deep moist convection in numerical weather prediction models. However, explicit representation of moist convection is still not viable in operational mesoscale models, which rely on convective parameterizations for issuing short to medium-range forecasts. In this study we evaluate a technique that uses regional Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning observations to define areas of deep moist convection in thunderstorms and adjust the model-generated precipitation fields in those regions. The study focuses on a major flash flood inducing storm in central Europe (23 August 2005) that was simulated with the aid of an operational weather forecasting system (POSEIDON system based on Eta/NCEP model). The performance of the technique is assessed using as reference distributed rainfall estimates from a network of radar observations. The results indicate that CG lightning data can offer sufficient information to increase the mesoscale model skill in reproducing local convective precipitation that leads to flash floods. The model error correction is shown to be proportional to the density of lightning occurrence, making the technique potentially suitable for operational forecasting of flash flood inducing thunderstorms. 相似文献
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QIE Xiushu 《大气科学进展》2012,29(5):993-1005
Atmospheric electricity is composed of a wide range of electric phenomena in the troposphere, strato- sphere, and even lower ionosphere. Research progress on atmospheric electricity in the past 5 years in China are briefly reviewed here. This research area has been greatly expanded through rocket-triggered lightning experiments and the increased use of high spatio-temporal resolution techniques for the detection and location of lightning. The main results described in this review are summarized in the following five aspects:(1) processes and parameters inferred from rocket-triggered lightning, (2) lightning physics and effects (observations and theoretical study), (3) lightning activities associated with different thunderstorms, (4) charge structure of thunderstorms (observations and simulation), and (5) the VHF/UHF lightning location techniques and discharge channel mapping. 相似文献
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Atmospheric electricity research has been conducted actively in China, having profited from the development and application of high temporal and spatial resolution lightning detection and location technologies. This paper reviews the scientific advances made in the field of atmospheric electricity in China from 2011 to 2018, covering the following five aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques;(2) discharge processes and parameters associated with rocket-triggered lightning;(3) physical processes in natural lightning and attachment to the ground;(4) lightning activities and charge structure in different thunderstorms; and(5) effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere. In addition, some outstanding questions for future research are outlined. 相似文献