辽宁省人工增雨数据集管理系统的设计与实现

基于辽宁省气象资料,依托机载观测仪器及地面特设仪器观测数据,利用VB编程实现了辽宁省人工增雨业务数据集管理系统。系统包括：地面站资料、高空站资料、自动站资料、雷达探测资料、卫星探测资料和双通道微波辐射计数据、机载液态水探测数据、粒子激光探测数据、飞机和火箭增雨作业信息、降水天气分型共10个方面的内容,其目的是在人工影响天气业务工作中实现信息共享,为气象业务和科研工作服务。     

自动站质量控制终端系统的设计与实现

1引言目前,黑龙江省自动站数据出站质量、自动站及区域站数据传送情况、国家质量控制反馈信息等都通过"黑龙江省气象信息中心"网站以WEB页面的方式发布,需要人工监控、查询,效率不高,工作量大,容易出错,为提高测报业务的自动化程度,减少大量人工操作,提高观测工作效率和数据质量,考虑开发自动站质量控制终端系统,将以上各任务整合到统一平台,并对以上各任务实现实时监控,出现异常信息,自动报警,保障观测业务稳定可靠运行。     

基于大数据云平台的天山气象APP设计与应用

为提升大数据云平台与移动互联网的耦合气象服务质量,满足气象防灾减灾移动可视化需求,推进新疆气象信息化事业高质量发展,亟需开发一款专业气象服务APP。该APP在“云+端”业务模式下充分利用气象业务现有数字化成果,采取多源存储、接口调用、控制反转和数据交互技术,对全疆天气自动站的地面观测、格点实况融合、雷达回波、灾害预警等气象资料进行加工处理和移动展示。天山气象APP可按用户需求提供疆内基于实时位置的天气实况、精细化预报、预警详情、雷达拼图、实况要素产品和统计值要素产品,同时继承大数据云平台服务接口高额承载能力,实现毫秒级响应,在全疆天气自动站应急保障与气象防灾减灾服务中应用成效显著。     

如何做好自动气象站现场校准期间的测报业务工作

按照<地面气象观测规范>对自动气象站维护的要求,气象计量部门每两年对各基层自动气象站进行现场校准,如何做好这一期间的测报业务工作是每个台站都必须解决的新任务.本文从人员安排、自动站正点数据上传、观测编报及日数据维护等方面总结了一些经验,对测报业务工作的完成能起到一定的保证作用.     

观测数据整合与共享的实现

为了有效解决不同厂家区域站数据存储结构不统一的问题,实现各类自动气象站观测数据的集约化使用,以整合区域站、自动站数据建立统一的应用数据源,建立标准的访问接口和数据共享系统为目标,设计了观测数据整合与共享系统,使用数据库触发器、存储过程以及.net平台编程技术实现。     

湖北气象监测网络业务管理系统及其应用效果

为了提高省级综合气象观测业务的全面质量管理水平,整合气象信息资料传输管理、综合观测系统运行监控、自动站实时数据质量控制和短信报警等业务质量管理功能,设计开发了湖北省气象监测网络业务管理软件系统。目前,该系统已成为湖北省气象监测网络业务重要值班平台之一。系统投入业务运行以来,湖北省各类气象资料收集上传质量呈现上升并保持稳定的趋势,自动气象站实时资料经自动数据质量控制后数据质量有较大程度的提高。由于采用主流成熟技术开发,系统具有较好的可推广性。     

基于自动压缩传输与解压处理的县级台站MICAPS数据资料远程调用方法

针对县级台站的网络现状和气象现代化业务服务需要,提出了一种基于自动压缩、传输、解压、处理的MICAPS数据资料远程调用方法,使基层台站可实现对省级或地(市)级单收站数据资料的共享使用,满足了气象资料的集约化应用需要,对于避免重复建设、减少县级台站维护成本具有积极作用。     

青藏高原地气系统气象科学数据集成和共享

观测资料匮乏是制约青藏高原地球科学问题深入研究的关键因素。中国气象局国家气象信息中心联合中国气象科学研究院、中国科学院青藏高原研究所和西北生态环境资源研究院对近几十年来我国青藏高原区域的地气系统的大气和陆面观测资料及相关分析产品进行了整合集成,获得了高原区域长年代、多要素的地气系统综合气象数据,研发了综合气象数据库及其数据共享平台。本文系统介绍了相关科学数据的观测及数据情况,包括中国气象局长期业务观测数据、历次青藏高原大气科学试验数据、中国科学院部分野外台站长期观测试验数据和一些科学研究项目的产出数据成果,描述了多种数据的标准化集成技术和成果,设计并发布了青藏高原地气系统多源信息共享平台,为研究和解决青藏高原地球科学问题提供宝贵的数据资源。     

长江三角洲气象数据实时共享技术研究与实现

通过基于数据超市理念的气象数据实时共享技术研究,首次建成上海、浙江、江苏、安徽三省一市间互联互通的长江三角洲(长三角)气象数据实时共享平台。该平台设计并使用标准规范体系,建立基于分布式的数据管理模式,采用多层系统架构,实现物理上分布、逻辑上统一的长三角区域气象数据资源组织与共享。能有效支持短临天气预报对实时数据的高时效要求,支持灾害性天气移动观测、加密观测业务的数据共享,提高气象数据实时共享效率,降低数据更新分发的难度。     

自动气象站数据实时质量控制业务软件设计与实现

介绍了一种面向天气监测预报实时业务的自动气象站数据质量控制软件。该软件综合应用数据质量控制、网络消息即时通信等技术,将数据质量控制纳入气象信息业务流程,建立了省、市、县三级气象台站联动的自动站数据实时质量控制业务流程,实现了对江西省89个国家自动气象站和1531个区域自动气象站观测数据的实时质量控制,有效降低了自动站疑误数据对天气监测预报业务服务可能造成的不利影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

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正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted     

A Brief Introduction to Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base at Bohe Town,Maoming City,Guangdong Province

<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea.     

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AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.