论气象信息产品特征与市场营销策略

党中央国务院提出“依法治国”基本方略后，山西省气象部门依照《中华人民共和国气象法》、《山西省气象条例》等气象法律、法规，在中国气象局和山西省委、省政府的领导下，深入贯彻国务院《全面推行依法行政实施纲要》，全面履行气象法律法规赋予各级气象主管机构的气象行政执法职能，加大对社会气象活动行为的规范，有力地促进了山西省气象事业的健康发展。2005年，中国气象局综合执法检查组和山西省委依法治省领导组分别对气象部门的行政执法和“四五”普法工作进行了检查和验收，对山西省气象法治建设给予高度评价和肯定。     

对新《地面气象观测规范》的理解和认识

《地面气象观测规范》(新版)自2004年1月1日正式执行以来,从事地面测报相关工作的同志对《地面气象观测规范》(新版)中的一些技术细节掌握理解程度存在差异。为了进一步规范地面测报工作,提高地面观测水平,本文对新《规范》的学习谈一些理解和认识。     

关于备份百叶箱的思考

20 0 4年 1月 1日起执行的《地面气象观测规范》(以下简称《规范》) ,没有对备份百叶箱问题作描述。《规范》第 8章的 8.2 .3节中规定 ,“在进行箱内清洗之前应将仪器全部放入备份百叶箱内 ,清洗完毕 ,待百叶箱干燥之后 ,再将仪器放回。”但是 ,在《规范》第 2章的 2 .3小节中 ,无论是文字还是“观测场仪器布置参考图”中 ,都找不到哪儿安装有备份百叶箱。在参考图中只有 3个百叶箱位置 ,但它们又是各有其用 :自东向西分别是①温、湿度传感器 (自动站 ) ;②干湿球温度表、最高温度表、最低温度表 ;③温度计、湿度计。本站是国家气候基准站 ,…     

贯彻实施"一法两例"全面推进气象工作

为了进一步深入了解和掌握临汾市在贯彻实施《中华人民共和国气象法》、《人工影响天气管理条例》和《山西省气象条例》（以下简称“一法两例”）的工作情况，为临汾市人大常委会２００３年５月份《气象法》执法检查做好准备工作，临汾市人大常委会农村工委组织调研组赴隰县、永和县、大宁县和洪洞县４县对临汾市贯彻实施“一法两例”工作进行了调查研究。这次调查研究在实地视察部分县气象局局机关及气象观测站的基础上，听取了市、县等７个气象局局长工作汇报及有关县（市）人大领导和政府分管领导的情况介绍，对临汾市近几年的气象工作有…     

AWG第四次会议在维也纳举行

《京都议定书》附件I国家缔约方进一步承诺特设工作组(AWG)第四次会议于2007年8月27-31日在奥地利首都维也纳举行。此次会议重点讨论附件I国家(工业化国家)在2012年之后的温室气体减排潜力与目标     

WMO强调适应气候变化的重要性

联合国气候变化大会于2005年11月28日-12月9日在加拿大蒙特利尔举行。这次大会不仅是《联合国气候变化框架公约》第11次缔约方大会,同时还是2005年2月生效的《京都议定书》的157个缔约方的第1次聚会。此次会议被看作是自京都会议以来,就全球气候变暖问题召     

论《九宫八风》——太极气象学研究之五

论证了《九宫八风》与《洛书》、《八卦》的关系，并对宫名和八风进行了较详细地考证。最后论述了《九官八风》的真正含义和用途．     

关于对省城经营性升空气球开展行政执法检查的思考

１９９９年以来,山西省气象局认真贯彻《山西省气象条例》(以下简称《条例》),规范省城经营性升空气球服务市场,先后制定了《山西省从事经营性充灌施放升空气球技术资格认定管理办法》和《省城气象部门从事经营性升空气球服务实施细则》两个规范性文件,并根据文件的要求对...     

中国气象局党组书记、局长温克刚同志在贯彻实施《山西省气象条例》座谈会上的书面讲话

同志们：山西省第一部地方性气象法规——《山西省气象条例》已经山西省第九届人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议审议通过,并于１９９８年９月２９日发布实施。借此机会,我代表中国气象局对《山西省气象条例》的发布实施表示热烈的祝贺,对山西省人大常委会和省委、省政...     

《湿有效位能》推广应用交流会在南宁召开

由国家气象局气象科学院主持的《湿有效位能》推广应用交流会,十二月二十一日至二十五日在南宁召开。全国有21个省(市)自治区,60多名气象科学技术人员参加了会议。会上交流学术论文50余篇。会议领导小组成员、自治区气象局局长赵月年同志到会讲了话。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...