青藏高原南、北积雪异常与中国东部夏季降水关系的数值试验研究

青藏高原冬、春积雪有着显著的南、北空间差异,本文利用通用地球系统模式（CESM）设计了增加高原南、北冬、春积雪的敏感性试验,结果表明:当高原南部冬、春积雪异常偏多,长江及其以北地区夏季降水偏多,华南大部分地区夏季降水偏少;而当高原北部冬、春积雪异常偏多,华北及东北地区夏季降水偏多,长江下游南部地区夏季降水偏少,雨带更偏北。青藏高原南、北部冬、春积雪异常影响中国东部夏季降水的物理机制的分析结果表明,高原不同区域（南部和北部）冬、春积雪异常引起的非绝热加热异常效应都可持续到夏季,且北部积雪异常持续时间更长。高原南部和北部积雪异常偏多均会减弱高原北侧上空大气的水平温度梯度,进而减弱高原北侧西风急流的位置及强度,进而影响下游出口区处急流的强度和位置,且高原北部积雪异常偏多的影响更大。当高原南部积雪异常偏多,急流出口区的西风急流加强且偏南;而高原北部积雪异常偏多,出口区的西风急流减弱且偏北。相应地,对流层中层500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压减弱,低层850 hPa异常反气旋环流,影响中国东部地区水汽输送,从而影响了中国东部地区夏季雨带的变化。当高原南部积雪异常偏多,异常反气旋性环流位于东海附近,有利于更多水汽输送至长江流域,华南水汽输送减少;当高原北部积雪异常偏多,异常反气旋性环流相对偏北,更有利于华北及东北水汽输送,雨带偏北。     

引起华北地区夏季出现持续干旱的环流异常型

利用中国160个台站降水资料和ERA〖CD*2〗40再分析资料分析了华北地区夏季降水及其对应的大气环流年代际变化特征。分析结果如下:华北地区夏季降水自1977年之后明显减少,出现持续性干旱。1977~2000年500 hPa高度场出现与1966~1976年相反的遥相关波列;华北地区上空700 hPa出现反气旋型环流异常,并出现明显偏北风异常,且下沉气流加强,水汽出现辐散;此外,200 hPa高度上西风带偏南且减弱。相反,1966~1976年华北地区上空700 hPa出现气旋型环流异常,并出现偏南风异常,且上升气流加强,水汽输送辐合;此外,200 hPa上西风异常偏北加强。       

长江中下游地区夏季强降水前期的三维环流结构特征分析

利用1959～2013年台站逐日降水观测资料和JRA-55逐6小时再分析资料,分析了长江中下游地区夏季强降水对应的前期三维环流结构。通过对长江中下游地区373个强降水样本的大气环流场合成分析发现,在长江中下游地区对流层中上层存在暖异常,暖中心位于300 hPa。在静力平衡和准地转平衡的作用下,高层暖异常上层存在反气旋式环流,下层存在气旋式环流。一方面,暖异常通过高层的反气旋式环流异常,使得其北侧的200 hPa西风增强,并促使高层急流东伸、南移到长江中下游地区北侧附近,增强了长江中下游地区高空辐散;另一方面,暖异常通过低层的气旋式环流异常,加强了吹向长江中下游地区的西南风,使低层水汽输送及辐合增强。暖异常所引起的高低空环流异常的有利配置,对长江中下游地区夏季强降水形成有重要作用。300 hPa 暖异常在降水前48小时已经存在于青藏高原东部的400～300 hPa 高空,700 hPa 气旋式环流提前24小时出现在四川盆地中低层。高低层的环流要素相互配合并随时间东移,暖异常率先到达长江中下游地区,并配合低层气旋式环流和水汽辐合区,导致了长江中下游地区的强降水。     

夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动异常与中国降水

利用1958～2003年NCAR/NCEP再分析和中国160 站月降水资料，探讨沿东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能异常对东亚夏季风环流和中国夏季（6～8月）降水的影响及其响应机理。研究发现:（1）夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能加强（减弱), 东亚西风急流位置偏南（北)、强度偏强（弱）。（2）该扰动动能具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征， 1958～1978年处于年代际偏弱阶段，1979～1998年处于年代际偏强阶段。（3）该扰动动能加强（减弱), 200 hPa 辐合区位于30?N以南（以北）西太平洋地区，此时，500 hPa 西太平洋副热带高压位于30?N以南（以北), 850 hPa 反气旋性距平环流出现在东亚30?N以南（以北）地区，而30?N以北（以南）为气旋性距平环流，东亚热带季风环流加强（减弱), 梅雨锋加强（减弱), 夏季中国东部降水中间多、南北少（中间少、南北多）。（4）东亚高、中、低层大气环流对高层东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能强弱响应由对流层上层散度场及垂直速度场变化完成。     

南方极端雨雪冰冻过程东亚冬季风环流特征及与EINino/La Nina事件的关系

根据南方极端雨雪冰冻过程的定义,确定1964、1969、1977、1984、2008年的强降水、降温过程为南方极端雨雪冰冻过程。对发生在EINino/LaNina事件之后的南方极端雨雪冰冻过程的分析表明:EINino/LaNina是造成中国东部1月降水异常的一个主要原因,但不能解释气温异常。前一年秋季热带中东太平洋发生暖事件时,利于1月降水黄河流域偏少,长江以南偏多,而发生冷事件时,则利于1月降水黄河流域偏多,长江以南偏少。南方极端雨雪冰冻过程期间对流层低层和高层矢量风距平场表明:发生月对流层低层在1977、1984年南方极端雨雪冰冻过程中,北太平洋出现大范围气旋环流异常,中国长江中下游及以南至菲律宾出现气旋环流异常,长江中下游及以南为东风距平控制。1964、1969、2008年北太平洋出现大范围反气旋环流异常,中国长江中下游及以南出现大片偏南风距平。其共同点是均存在洋面上空暖湿空气向长江中下游及以南地区的输送。南方极端雨雪冰冻过程的前一年11月北太平洋无一例外地出现大范围气旋环流异常,发生月对流层高层副热带西风急流在中国黄海至日本一带较常年都有不同程度的偏强。     

淮河流域夏季降水与中高纬波列结构的关系

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过合成分析、诊断分析等方法研究了淮河流域夏季降水异常年份的大尺度环流场,并且分析了造成这种环流背景的可能原因。结果表明:西风急流在多雨年和少雨年作为波导的作用没有变化,但多雨年西风急流的位置比少雨年偏东。在中高纬地区,多雨和少雨年200 h Pa沿西风急流的定常Rossby波列结构有明显的不同。在多雨年,有一条明显的沿西风急流传播的Rossby波列结构,波源位于西欧和中亚,波汇位于里海和我国淮河流域地区,日本以东的西北太平洋也是明显的波源区;在少雨年,西欧和中亚的波源地区的波活动明显减弱,原来位于淮河流域的波汇区南压到长江以南,西北太平洋上的波活动也明显减弱。这种波列结构的不同可能是造成淮河流域夏季降水异常的一个重要原因。     

华北地区夏季降水的年际变化特征

利用1951—2000年中国160个台站降水资料和1958—2002年欧洲中心的ERA-40再分析资料,分析了华北地区夏季降水和对应大气环流的变化特征。结果表明：华北地区夏季降水自20世纪70年代中后期开始明显减少,出现持续性干旱;华北地区上空的暖高压、鄂霍次克海地区的高压脊和西太平洋副热带高压是控制华北地区的主要环流系统。当华北地区降水偏少时,华北地区上空700hPa出现反气旋型环流异常,华北地区上空出现明显偏北风异常,且下沉气流加强,水汽出现辐散,200hPa高度上西风带偏南且减弱;反之,当华北地区降水偏多时,华北地区上空700hPa出现气旋型环流异常,并出现偏南风异常,上升气流加强,水汽输送辐合,200hPa上西风异常偏北加强。     

西太平洋副高与ENSO的关系及其对福建雨季降水分布的影响

用低阶大气环流谱模式就前期冬春季南海-热带东印度洋(10 oN～15 oS, 90～120 o E) 海温异常对南海夏季风的影响进行了数值试验。结果表明, 当南海-热带东印度洋海温异常偏暖时,其南北两侧大气低层出现异常气旋性环流,高层出现异常反气旋性环流,其东西两侧, 在南海-热带西太平洋大气低层出现强大的异常辐合,高层出现强大的异常辐散;在热带西印度洋大气低层为明显的辐散,高层为明显的辐合,得到了与Gill理论相一致的结论。此时大气低层赤道两侧异常气旋性环流阻挡了赤道索马里越赤道SW气流进入南海, 加强了赤道西风, 并明显减弱了澳大利亚越赤道SW气流,菲律宾以东的异常反气旋性环流加强了西太平洋副热带高压, 使其位置偏南偏西, 同时大气高层印度洋上空的异常东风加强了南亚高压, 从而导致南海夏季风强度减弱, 爆发可能推迟。在南海-热带东印度洋海温异常偏冷时,大气低层赤道两侧异常反气旋性环流减弱了赤道索马里越赤道SW气流, 加强了澳大利亚越赤道SW气流,菲律宾东北部的异常气旋性环流不利于其东侧的副热带高压发展, 同时大气高层印度洋上空的异常西风减弱南亚高压强度,有利于南海夏季风加强, 爆发可能提前。     

华南前汛期盛期中国东部降水异常模态的环流特征及成因分析

根据1958~2011年中国东部(105°E以东)316站逐日降水观测资料及环流逐日再分析资料,利用统计分析、物理量诊断等方法,探讨华南前汛期盛期(5月21日至6月10日)中国东部降水异常模态及对应大气环流特征和可能成因。分析发现,华南前汛期盛期中国东部降水异常表现为两个相互独立的降水模态:第一模态为华南全区一致型,当其时间系数为正(负)时,整个华南降水偏多(少),黄河中游降水偏少(多);第二模态为华南沿海东部型,当其时间系数为正(负)时,华南沿海东部降水偏多(少),而长江中下游降水偏少(多)。研究发现,造成华南前汛期盛期两个降水型的环流特征有明显差异:全区一致型降水主要受东亚高空西风急流南北偏移、副热带高压脊东西偏移及低层南海北部异常风场影响;沿海东部型降水主要由东亚高空西风急流强弱及位置异常、副热带高压强弱变化、低层日本以南西太平洋异常风场导致。此外,两个降水型对应环流异常的成因也各不相同。第一模态中高层环流异常由丝绸之路遥相关型导致,低层风场异常在5月下旬由阿拉伯海向下游传播的风场异常波列引起,在6月上旬则由西太平洋西移的异常反气旋(气旋)造成。第二模态的中高层环流异常先后由极地—欧亚遥相关型、环球遥相关型引起,低层风场异常由高层环流异常的动力作用造成。两降水型均存在整层深厚的垂直运动,但第一模态的垂直运动在高层闭合且对应显著的辐合辐散异常,第二模态则不具有上述特征。     

气温变化对中国夏季云水量的影响

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的1979-2016年ERA-Interim再分析资料分析了中国4个地区夏季大气水循环变量和气温时空特征,并通过相关分析、SVD方法及环流场合成分析进一步揭示了气温变化对云水含量的影响。结果表明:中国夏季云水含量空间分布从东南向西北减少。高原区云水含量与气温正相关,其他地区为显著负相关。西北地区升温使西风带水汽输送减弱和蒙古东部异常反气旋环流维持,北方地区升温使东北至蒙古异常反气旋和东南沿海异常气旋维持,西北太平洋副热带高压(副高)东撤,二者均使200 hPa西风急流减弱,水汽输送和上升运动减弱,云水含量减少。南方地区升温使黄海异常反气旋和南海异常气旋维持,副高东撤,200 hPa西风急流偏北,不利于水汽输送和上升运动,云水含量减少。高原地区升温使西风带南支和高原西部异常气旋加强,副高西伸北抬,高原北侧西风急流和南亚高压增强,促进水汽输送和低层辐合上升,使云液水含量增加。     

中国南方地区冬季风降水异常的分析

1997/1998和1998/1999年冬季是中国南方典型的多雨年和少雨年,它们分别发生在El Ni~no年和La Nina年。为了了解这两个冬季降水异常的原因,通过对比分析方法对这两个冬季的大气环流和水汽输送的差异进行了研究。结果表明:多雨年与ENSO事件的暖期相联系,西风带槽脊偏东偏弱,东亚冬季风减弱,副热带高压增强,对流层低层距平流场上呈现两个反气旋和一个气旋性环流,中心位于长江流域的气旋性环流的垂直结构和形成机理与菲律宾海反气旋不同。少雨年赤道海温的距平分布及高低层环流系统都与多雨年几乎相反。研究还揭示,冬季中国南方地区的水汽主要来自南支西风带低槽前部的西南气流和南海—中南半岛上空的转向气流,水汽输送通道随高度有明显的变化。1997/1998年冬季加强的南支西风气流和菲律宾海异常反气旋有利于水汽向中国大陆输送;1998/1999年南支西风气流弱,中国东南沿海低层为冷性高压控制,两支水汽输送带都大大减弱。这种水汽输送的明显年际变化是造成这2年冬季南方降水明显差异的一个关键因子。     

Analysis on Anomalous Precipitation in Southern China During Winter Monsoons

The winters of 1997/1998 and 1998/1999,corresponding to El Ni(?)o and La Ni(?)a episodes,respectively, were two typical rain-abundant and-scarce seasons for the southern China.In order to understand the cause of the anomalous precipitation during the two winters,a comparative analysis technique has been employed to investigate the differences in general circulation and moisture transportation between the two seasons. The results show that the abundant rainfall during the winter of 1997/1998 was associated with the ENSO warm episode event,eastward shifted weak westerly trough/ridge,weakened East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM),strengthened subtropical high,and presented two anti-cyclonic circulations over Hokkaido and the Philippine Sea,respectively,as well as one cyclonic circulation over the Yangtze River Basin in the anomalous wind fields of the lower troposphere.During the rain-scarce winter,however,the patterns of equatorial sea surface temperature anomalies and the circulation systems both in upper and lower levels were nearly the opposite of those during the rain-abundant winter.It has also been discovered that the water vapor over southern China during the winters came mainly from the southwesterly flow ahead of troughs in the southern branch of westerlies and the turning flow over the South China Sea-Indo-China Peninsula area;and the moisture transportation channels varied significantly with regard to height.The intensified flow in the southern branch of westerlies and the anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over the Philippine Sea during the winter of 1997/1998 were favorable for moisture transportation to mainland China,however the two moisture transportation streams were dramatically weakened during the winter of 1998/1999 due to weak westerly flow and the dominance of a cold high system in the lower level over the southeast coast of China.Such a significant inter-annual change of moisture transportation is a key factor resulting in the obvious difference in precipitation between the two winters.     

Analysis of the Role Played by Circulation in the Persistent Precipitation over South China in June 2010

South China(SC) experienced persistent heavy rain in June 2010.The climatic anomalies and related mechanism are analyzed in this study.Results show that the large-scale circulation pattern favorable for precipitation was maintained.In the upper level,the South Asian High and westerly jet stream provided a divergent circulation over SC.In the middle and low levels,an anomalous strong subtropical high(STH) extended to the South China Sea.The southwesterly monsoon flow along the northwest flank of the STH transported abundant water vapor from the western North Pacific,the Bay of Bengal,and the South China Sea to SC.The precipitation can be classified into two types:the West Siberia low(WSL)-induced low-level cyclone mode,and the STH-induced low-level jet mode.STH and WSL indices are defined to estimate the influence of these two systems,respectively.Analysis shows that both are critical for precipitation,but their respective contributions differ from year to year.In 2010,both were important factors for the heavy rainfall in June.     

2015/2016超强El Nio对中国南方冬春季降水的影响分析

利用1981—2016年的中国160站降水资料、OISST海温资料和NCEP/NCAR大气环流资料,对比分析了中等强度El Nio和2015/2016超强El Nio对中国东南部、江淮流域和西南地区冬春季降水影响的异同。结果表明:在中等强度El Nio的冬季,偏暖的赤道中东太平洋海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)所激发的西北太平洋和日本附近的异常反气旋环流,其异常的西南风会加强南海—西北太平洋的水汽向中国东部输送,造成中国东南部和江淮流域的降水一致偏多。2015/2016超强El Nio的冬季,赤道中东太平洋SST的强度异常偏强,中国东部异常偏冷的表面气温和对流层低层温度加强大陆冷高压,长江流域及其以北地区受异常强的北风控制,从而造成中国东南部降水增多、江淮流域降水减少。在2015/2016超强El Nio事件衰减位相的春季,中国东南部和西南部降水的增加主要归因于异常偏暖的西北印度洋和东南印度洋SST的作用。经CAM5模式试验证明,西北印度洋异常偏暖的SST引起了北印度洋的异常西南风,激发了孟加拉湾—西北太平洋的异常反气旋,加强了印度洋和南海—西北太平洋的水汽向中国西南和东南部输送。此外,东南印度洋异常偏暖的SST还会激发局地异常上升运动,通过经向垂直环流加强南海—西北太平洋异常下沉运动,诱使中国东南部的上升运动加强,导致降水增多。     

The Persistent Heavy Rainfall over Southern China in June 2010：Evolution of Synoptic Systems and the Effects of the Tibetan Plateau Heating

This study investigates influencing weather systems for and the effect of Tibetan Plateau （TP）’s surface heating on the heavy rainfall over southern China in June 2010, focusing on the four persistent heavy rainfall events during 14-24 June 2010. The ma jor weather systems include the South Asian high, midlatitude trough and ridge, western Pacific subtropical high in the middle troposphere, and shear lines and eastward-moving vortices in the lower troposphere. An ensemble of convection-permitting simulations （CTL） is carried out with the WRF model for these rainfall events, which successfully reproduce the observed evolution of precipitation and weather systems. Another ensemble of simulations （SEN） with the surface albedo over the TP and its southern slope changed artificially to one, i.e., the surface does not absorb any solar heating, otherwise it is identical to CTL, is also performed. Comparison between CTL and SEN suggests that the surface sensible heating of TP in CTL significantly affects the temperature distributions over the plateau and its surroundings, and the thermal wind adjustment consequently changes atmospheric circulations and properties of the synoptic systems, leading to intensified precipitation over southern China. Specifically, at 200 hPa, anticyclonic and cyclonic anomalies form over the western and eastern plateau, respectively, which enhances the southward cold air intrusion along the eastern TP and the divergence over southern China;at 500 hPa, the ridge over the northern plateau and the trough over eastern China are strengthened, the southwesterly flows along the northwestern side of the subtropical high are intensified, and the positive vorticity propagation from the plateau to its downstream is also enhanced significantly;at 850 hPa, the low-pressure vortices strongly develop and move eastward while the southwesterly low-level jet over southern China strengthens in CTL, leading to increased water vapor convergence and upward motion over the precipitation region.     

Dynamics of distinct intraseasonal oscillation in summer monsoon rainfall over the Meghalaya–Bangladesh–western Myanmar region: covariability between the tropics and mid-latitudes

Detailed spatiotemporal structures for the submonthly-scale (7–25 days) intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in summer monsoon rainfall and atmospheric circulation were investigated in South Asia using high-quality rainfall and reanalysis datasets. The Meghalaya–Bangladesh–coast of the western Myanmar (MBWM) region is the predominant area of submonthly-scale ISO in the Asian monsoon regions. The distinct rainfall ISO is caused by a remarkable alternation of low-level zonal wind between westerly and easterly flows around the Gangetic Plain on the same timescales. In the active ISO phase of the MBWM, a strong low-level westerly/southwesterly flows around the plain and a center of cyclonic vorticity appears over Bangladesh. Hence, a local southerly flows toward the Meghalaya Plateau and there is strong southwesterly flow towards the coast along southeastern Bangladesh and western Myanmar, resulting in an increase in orographic rainfall. Rainfall also increases over the lowland area of the MBWM due to the low-level convergence in the boundary layer under the strong cyclonic circulation. The submonthly-scale low-level wind fluctuation around the MBWM is caused by a westward moving n = 1 equatorial Rossby (ER) wave. When the anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomaly related to the ER wave approaches the Bay of Bengal from the western Pacific, humid westerly/southwesterly (easterly/southeasterly) flows enhance around the Gangetic Plain on the northern fringe of the anticyclone (cyclone) and in turn promote (reduce) rainfall in the MBWM. Simultaneously, robust circulation signals are observed over the mid-latitudes. In the active phase, cyclonic anomalies appear over and around the TP, having barotropic vertical structure and also contributing to the enhancement of low-level westerly flow around the Gangetic Plain. In the upper troposphere, an anticyclonic anomaly is also observed upstream of the cyclonic anomaly over the TP, having wavetrain structure. The mid-latitude circulation around the TP likely helps to induce the distinct ISO there in conjunction with the equatorial waves. Thus, the distinct ISO in the MBWM is strongly enhanced locally (~500 km) by the terrain features, although the atmospheric circulation causing the ISO has a horizontal scale of ~6,000 km or more, extending across the whole Asian monsoon system from the tropics to mid-latitudes.     

Relationship between winter snow cover days in Northeast China and rainfall near the Yangtze River basin in the following summer

Based on observed snow and precipitation data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the relationship between the number of winter snow cover days in Northeast China and the following summer’s rainfall in the northern part of southern China is analyzed and the possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.The results indicate that a negative relationship is significant throughout the study period,especially more obvious after the 1980s.The pre-winter circulation patterns in years with more snow cover days and less summer rainfall in the south bank of the Yangtze River are almost the same.In years with more snow cover days,lower temperatures at the lower level over Northeast China are found in winter and spring.The winter monsoon is weaker and retreats later in these years than in those with fewer snow cover days.In spring of years with more snow cover days,anomalous cyclonic circulation is observed over Northeast China,and anomalous northerly wind is found in eastern China.In summer of these years,anomalous northeasterly wind at the lower level is found from the area south of the Yangtze River to the East China Sea and Yellow Sea;and with less southwesterly water vapor transport,the rainfall in the area south of the Yangtze River is less than normal,and the opposite patterns are true in years with fewer snow cover days.In recent years,the stable relationship between winter snow cover in Northeast China and summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin can be used for summer rainfall prediction.The results are of great importance to short-term climate prediction for summer rainfall.     

Temporal Variations of the Spring Persistent Rains and South China Sea Sub-high and Their Correlations to the Circulation and Precipitation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon

National Meteorological Information Center （NMIC） rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR daily circulation reanalysis data are employed to establish the onset-pentad time index of the spring persistent rains （SPR） and the decay-pentad time index of the South China Sea （SCS） sub-high. These indexes are used to study the relationship between the factors in SPR period and their relations to the circulation and precipitation of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）. Results show that, the summer rainfall over southeastern China decreases when SPR onset is late. For then EASM strengthens and the cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau （TP） strengthens, which makes abnormal anti-cyclonic circulation （cyclonic convergent circulation weakens） appear over southeastern China. When the decay of SCS sub-high delays, abnormal flood prevails over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLYR） and to the south. That is mainly caused by EASM weakening while SCS sub-high strengthening, then the abnormal southwesterly over South China and the abnormal northerlies of anti-cyclonic circulation around the TP converge over the Yangtze Valley. The two indexes have high correlations with multivariate ENSO index （MEI） in March, indicating that the climate abnormity in East Asia is related to global climate abnormity tightly. The two time indexes are independent of each other, which is favorable for the prediction of the anomalies of the circulation and precipitation of EASM. From this point of view, we must take the global climate background into account when we analyze and predict the East Asian summer circulation and precipitation.     

欧亚大陆积雪与2010年中国春末夏初降水的关系

利用欧亚大陆地区的积雪覆盖日数资料、中国160个台站逐月降水资料以及美国国家环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料,采用奇异值分解(SVD)方法和数值试验研究了欧亚大陆2-4月积雪与后期5-6月中国降水的关系。结合2010年积雪和降水的分布特征可以发现,SVD第二模态基本反映了2010年积雪异常与降水异常的时滞耦合关系。欧亚大陆积雪在欧洲、青藏高原东部和东亚地区异常偏多时,我国华南降水增多,长江中下游降水减少,欧亚大陆东、西部积雪异常偏多与后期中国华南降水存在正相关关系。根据统计分析得到的空间分布特征和积雪参数的观测数据,选用大气环流模式CAM3.1进行数值试验,模拟结果与统计分析结果比较一致。积雪异常通过反照率效应和水文效应引起地表及其上的大气热力状况异常,进而引起位势高度场、风场等各个大气环流要素场的调整,导致后期华南降水异常偏多。欧亚大陆积雪异常很可能是2010年春末夏初华南降水异常的一个重要诱发因子。