我国冬季降水年际变化的主模态分析

利用我国160站的观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及英国气象局哈德莱中心的海表面温度（SST) 资料, 分析了我国冬季降水年际变化的主模态以及与其相联系的大气环流异常和海温异常。结果表明, 在年际变化的时间尺度上, 我国冬季降水主要表现为长江以南地区降水量的一致变化（EOF1) 和华南、西南地区与新疆北部、华北和长江中下游地区降水反位相振荡的变化（EOF2) 两个主模态, 它们分别可以解释年际变化总方差的49.6％和17.3％, 并具有显著的2～4年周期。此外, 这两个模态也有明显的年代际信号, EOF1表现为20世纪80年代中期以前南方地区冬季降水偏少, 1988年之后转为偏多, 而进入21世纪后逐渐接近历史平均值并有再次转为偏少的趋势, 而EOF2表现为1980年至2005年新疆北部和长江中下游地区的冬季降水出现年代际增多, 而华南地区的冬季降水出现年代际减少。进一步通过回归分析表明, 我国冬季降水年际变化的EOF1与ENSO循环以及东亚冬季风强度的变化有密切的关系, 当ENSO处于其暖（冷) 位相的冬季时, 东亚冬季风系统偏弱 （强), 来自孟加拉湾和南海的异常水汽输送在我国南方地区形成辐合（辐散), 从而有利于该地区降水异常偏多（少)。与我国冬季降水年际变化EOF2相联系的环流表现为欧亚大陆上空具有相当正压结构的一个波列, 该波列对应于东亚沿岸的异常北 （南) 风, 进而引起长江中下游地区水汽辐散（辐合) 和华南地区水汽辐合（辐散), 有利于南正（负) 北负（正) 的降水异常分布。赤道中东太平洋和北大西洋挪威海地区的SST异常分别与这两个模态具有紧密的联系, 并对这两个模态具有一定的潜在预报意义。     

云南冬季降水的演变特征及成因分析

利用云南124个气象观测站逐月降水量资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析大气环流资料和海表面温度(SST)资料,分析了云南冬季降水时空演变特征及其相对应的大气环流异常和海温异常。结果表明:(1)云南冬季降水第一模态表现为一致性变化模态,方差贡献为53%,具有显著的准5年周期,该模态具有一定的年代际变化特征。(2)第二模态表现为滇中及以东、以南与滇西及滇西北地区反位相振荡模态,方差贡献为13.4%,具有显著的准3年周期,也具有一定的年代际变化特征。(3)云南冬季降水与大气环流异常密切相关。当云南冬季降水偏多(少)时,中国大陆大部分地区海平面气压偏高(低),近地面冷高压活动频繁(偏少),冷空气易(不易)南下影响云南;500 hPa高度场上,中高纬度贝加尔湖附近高度场偏高(低),该处的脊强(弱),有(不)利于引导北方冷空气南下;同时,中低纬度在孟加拉湾北部高度场偏低(高),南支槽偏强(弱),有(不)利于南方暖湿空气向北输送。来自南海和孟加拉湾的异常水汽输送在云南形成辐合(辐散),从而造成该地区降水异常偏多(少)。(4)云南冬季降水与海温异常也存在密切关系。云南冬季降水偏多、偏少年,太平洋海温差异场呈类似El Nino年的分布:赤道中东太平洋的SST异常偏高,而菲律宾以东的西太平洋SST异常偏低。El Nino年冬季降水以偏多为主;而La Nina年,则以偏少为主。赤道中东太平洋海温异常对云南冬季降水具有一定的潜在预报意义。(5)北极涛动(AO)与云南冬季降水存在密切相关关系。当AO为正(负)位相时,云南冬季降水偏多(少)。同时,AO与云南冬季降水的关系在一定程度上受ENSO事件的制约,在ENSO暖位相时,冬季AO与云南冬季降水密切相关,而在ENSO冷位相时两者间几乎没有联系。     

不同时间尺度上黄淮地区夏季降水异常成因及预测研究

利用1961—2006年中国降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA海表温度资料,分析了黄淮地区夏季降水的年代际和年际变化特征,研究了不同时间尺度上降水异常成因。结果表明,年代际尺度上,当太平洋年代际振荡处在暖(冷)位相时,南方涛动偏弱(强),黄淮地区夏季降水偏多(少)。在年际及以下尺度上,当印度洋北部海温偏高、南部偏低时,500 hPa位势高度场上,中高纬乌拉尔山以东和鄂霍次克海附近出现明显的双阻塞高压,副热带高压偏强;200 hPa风场上,西风急流略偏南,黄淮流域上空西风偏强,为反气旋环流;850 hPa风场上,黄淮流域上空出现西南—东北风的切变,使得急流出口区右侧次级环流的异常上升支恰好位于黄淮流域上空,高低空环流的这种配置导致了黄淮流域上空降水偏多。进一步分析发现,利用印度洋海温作为预测因子,建立预测模型,对黄淮流域降水年际变率有较高的预测能力。     

我国西南周边地区夏秋季节降水变化及相应环流特征分析

利用云南省124站观测资料及CRU(Climatic Research Unit)高分辨率降水数据分析了我国西南周边地区的降水时空变化特征, 并进一步对该地区夏、秋季节降水的周期、降水与季风活动的关系以及旱涝时期环流背景做出分析, 以探讨其年代际变化的可能影响机制。结果表明, 我国西南周边地区的降水空间分布随季节演变, 西南地区处于降水量相对小值区, 各季节降水量存在明显的年际变化以及年代际振荡特征。通过周期分析发现, 研究区域夏、季秋季降水均存在明显的年代际尺度周期, 近年来西南地区连续干旱很可能是由夏季和秋季的年代际尺度周期负位相配合造成, 并且降水的减少与夏季风活动偏弱、季风持续时间偏短有关。夏季秋季少雨时期与多雨时期环流场存在显著差异, 表现为少雨时期我国东部低层异常的偏北风, 青藏高原附近高层异常的反气旋型环流, 多雨时期则相反。     

山西夏季降水年代际变化特征及其与印度洋海温和大气环流的关系

利用山西省65个气象站1960—2011年逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA月平均海表温度资料等,应用谐波分析、EOF、SVD、Monte Carlo统计检验和合成分析等方法,探讨了山西夏季降水年代际变化特征,以及其与大气环流场、印度洋海温场异常的关系。结果表明,近52 a来,山西夏季降水总体呈现减少趋势,并有明显年代际变化特征:20世纪60年代初至80年代前期是降水偏多期,80年代中期至2011年则是降水偏少期,空间分布主要包括全省一致偏多(少)型和南多北少(南少北多)型。同时,山西夏季降水与印度洋关键区海温变化具有明显的负相关,当上年秋季、上年冬季、当年春季和当年夏季关键区海温异常偏高时,当年夏季山西降水呈现减少趋势,反之亦然。在1982年之前,关键区海温偏低,山西夏季降水偏多,同期500 hPa高度层上的乌拉尔山、青藏高原北部高空槽和东北冷涡发展深厚,活动频繁,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱、位置偏东,850 hPa高度层上的印度季风低纬度偏西风和中纬度西南风异常强盛,贝加尔湖南侧低涡活跃;1982年之后,关键区海温偏高,山西夏季降水随之减少,同期500 hPa高度层上的贝加尔湖至青藏高原北部地区受高压控制,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、位置偏西,850 hPa高度层上的印度季风中纬度西南风异常偏弱。     

东亚夏季风指数的分类及物理特征分析

利用1961—2010年NCEP再分析资料,分析了较有代表性的16个东亚夏季风指数,讨论了不同季风指数反映的环流及降水之间的异同,探讨了不同季风指数与东亚夏季风不同空间模态之间的可能关联。结果表明,东亚夏季风指数大致分为两类:1)第一类季风指数存在明显的年代际变化,反映了东亚夏季风强弱的整体一致型变化,与东亚夏季风环流第一模态具有很好的对应关系。高指数年,整个东亚区域夏季风活动整体偏强;贝加尔湖地区为深厚气旋性环流控制,副高位置略偏北;华北、东北地区降水显著偏多,长江流域及其以南降水偏少,降水异常型与我国夏季偶极型季风降水相似,这类指数对我国华北地区降水有较好的指示作用。2)第二类季风指数具有明显的年际变化特征,反映的是东亚夏季风强弱的南北反相变化,与东亚夏季风环流第二模态相对应。高指数年,我国东南地区夏季风偏弱,东北部夏季风偏强;西北太平洋为深厚的气旋性距平环流控制,副高偏北,该分布型与东亚—太平洋(EAP)遥相关十分相似;我国东北、内蒙古地区,华南地区降水增多,长江流域降水显著减少,降水异常型与我国夏季三极型季风降水异常型相似,这类指数对我国长江流域降水有较好的指示作用。     

近51年陕西雾时空变化及大气环流特征

利用1960-2010年陕西76个台站地面观测中的天气现象(雾)资料、NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,基于EOF、小波分析、回归分析方法探讨了陕西雾的时空变化特征以及与雾日多发季节相联系的大气环流异常,主要结论如下:①陕西雾地域性分布特征明显,空间上呈“三高三低”态势,河流或水域对雾的空间分布有重要影响,但不起决定作用;②年际上,陕西平均雾日数在20世纪80年代中后期至90年代雾日达到峰值,季节上,秋冬季雾日数占全年雾日数的66.5％以上;③SEOF分析表明陕西不同区域雾多发季节具有明显差异,8-10月关中北部雾明显偏多,峰值出现在9月,10-12月陕南、关中雾偏多,峰值出现在11月;④年际变化的时间尺度上陕西雾主要表现为东西振荡(EOF1)和南北振荡两个主模态(EOF2);⑤与雾日多发季EOF1相联系的环流异常表现为东亚中低纬度大陆上海平面气压(SLP)、500 hPa位势高度异常偏高,陕西位于850 hPa平均风场上反气旋性环流中心附近;当反气旋性异常环流位置偏西偏北(EOF2),北风异常分量偏强时,从海上来的水汽输送偏南,从而导致陕北雾偏少,关中、陕南雾偏多.     

东中国海夏季潜热通量的时空特征及其与中国东部降水的联系

利用1985—2006年OAflux、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国大陆东部的120个测站降水资料,应用EOF分解和线性回归等方法分析了东中国海夏季海气热通量时空特征及其与中国东部夏季降水的关系。结果表明,东中国海夏季潜热通量EOF1模态空间场的强信号区为黄海、东海至台湾海峡和南海北部局部海域,时间系数(PC1)表现出显著的年际变化和1997年前后的突变。降水和经向环流的PC1回归分析还表明,夏季潜热通量的异常变化与中国东部降水和经向环流的变化密切相关,潜热通量正异常对应黄淮地区和华南地区的上升气流正异常,降水偏多,而东北与华北地区为下沉气流正异常,降水偏少。1997年前后东中国海潜热通量发生突变之后呈明显的上升增强趋势,使得上述现象更为显著,即:对应东中国海夏季潜热通量的正异常,黄淮地区和华南地区为上升气流正异常,降水偏多;东北地区和华北地区为下沉气流正异常,降水偏少。这表明夏季东中国海及邻近海域潜热通量的异常变化是导致中国东部汛期降水年际和年代际异常的重要原因之一。     

东亚海陆热力差指数及其与环流和降水的年际变化关系

利用 196 1～ 1999年海温和地温月平均资料 ,定义了一个海陆热力差指数 ,来表示东亚季风环流的纬向和经向海陆热力差异的变化强度 ,研究了夏季指数与东亚夏季风环流场和中国东部夏季降水的年际变化关系。结果表明 :(1)海陆热力差指数可用来表示东亚夏季风的强弱变化。强指数年东亚季风区低空西南夏季风气流和高层的东风气流明显偏强 ,表明这一年夏季风偏强 ,弱指数年反之。 (2 )海陆热力差指数能较好地反映东部季风区夏季降水的异常状况。强指数年 ,雨带偏北 ,江淮流域和长江中下游明显干旱 ,华南、华北降水偏多 ,弱指数年反之。这一降水异常特征可以从强弱海陆热力差指数年的环流场得到解释。 (3)海陆热力差指数所反映的东亚夏季风具有明显的准 2a和 3～ 6a周期的年际振荡 ,但其振幅和周期具有显著的年代际异常     

华南季风降水对应的环流指数

利用NCEP再分析资料及台站和格点降水量资料分析了华南季风降水与周边大气环流的关系,并由此建立了反映6月华南降水强度的季风指数,这一季风指数利用菲律宾及其以东与华南850 hPa涡度差定义。华南季风指数具有很好的区域代表性,华南季风指数与亚洲格点日降水量的主要正相关区集中在华南。华南季风指数可以很好地描述华南降水的年际变化和极端年份,季风指数强 (弱) 的年份也是华南降水偏多 (少) 的年份,极端的华南季风指数年份对应极端的华南降水年份。华南季风指数高与低年份对应的华南降水量差值通过了0.01的显著性检验。在年代际尺度上,季风指数强 (弱) 的年代与华南降水偏多 (少) 的年代有很好的对应关系。华南季风指数包含了西南季风、副热带高压以及中高纬度西风槽等各影响系统的信息,可在业务上使用。     

2010年南方持续暴雨期大气环流异常及其低频特征研究

利用NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料以及国家气候中心台站降水资料等,应用多变量经验正交函数展开（MV—EOF）等方法,对2010年南方持续暴雨期大气环流异常及其低频特征进行了分析。结果表明：2010年东亚夏季风异常偏弱、西太平洋副热带高压位置异常偏南、三次季风涌的出现和高空急流与散度场活动异常及其相互配合,是南方降水异常的主要影响系统;对风场和降水场MV-EOF空间型分布的分析显示,低频降水中心与200hPa的气流辐散中心和850hPa辐合中心相关联;降水的第一模态反映了东亚夏季风的气候态演变,第二、三模态反映了夏季风在季节性推进过程中不同尺度的低频振荡,7月前半月和6月中下旬,第二、三模态分别处于低频振荡的正位相,使长江中下游梅雨和华南前汛期延迟结束,并且增强了江南的梅雨降水,夏季风的气候态演变和低频振荡相叠加导致2010年我国南方暴雨频发。     

Statistical Downscaling for Multi-Model Ensemble Prediction of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in the Asia-Pacific Region Using Geopotential Height Field

The 21-yr ensemble predictions of model precipitation and circulation in the East Asian and western North Pacific （Asia-Pacific） summer monsoon region （0°-50°N, 100° 150°E） were evaluated in nine different AGCM, used in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center （APCC） multi-model ensemble seasonal prediction system. The analysis indicates that the precipitation anomaly patterns of model ensemble predictions are substantially different from the observed counterparts in this region, but the summer monsoon circulations are reasonably predicted. For example, all models can well produce the interannual variability of the western North Pacific monsoon index （WNPMI） defined by 850 hPa winds, but they failed to predict the relationship between WNPMI and precipitation anomalies. The interannual variability of the 500 hPa geopotential height （GPH） can be well predicted by the models in contrast to precipitation anomalies. On the basis of such model performances and the relationship between the interannual variations of 500 hPa GPH and precipitation anomalies, we developed a statistical scheme used to downscale the summer monsoon precipitation anomaly on the basis of EOF and singular value decomposition （SVD）. In this scheme, the three leading EOF modes of 500 hPa GPH anomaly fields predicted by the models are firstly corrected by the linear regression between the principal components in each model and observation, respectively. Then, the corrected model GPH is chosen as the predictor to downscale the precipitation anomaly field, which is assembled by the forecasted expansion coefficients of model 500 hPa GPH and the three leading SVD modes of observed precipitation anomaly corresponding to the prediction of model 500 hPa GPH during a 19-year training period. The cross-validated forecasts suggest that this downscaling scheme may have a potential to improve the forecast skill of the precipitation anomaly in the South China Sea, western North Pacific and the East Asia Pacific regions, wh     

INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF INDEX OF EAST ASIAN LAND-SEA THERMAL DIFFERENCE AND ITS RELATION TO MONSOON CIRCULATION AND RAINFALL OVER CHINA*

This paper proposes an index of land-sea thermal difference(ILSTD)that describes its zonal and meridional strength responsible for East Asian monsoon circulation to study its relation to the East Asian monsoon circulation and the summer rainfall over China on an interannual basis.Results are as follows:(1)ILSTD can be used to measure the strength of East Asian summer monsoon in such a way that the strong(weak)ILSTD years are associated with strong(weak)summer monsoon circulation.(2)The index also reflects well summer rainfall anomaly over the eastern part of China.In the strong index years,rain belt is mainly located over the northern China,and serious drought emerges in the Jianghuai valleys and mid-lower reaches of the Changjiang River,along with increase of rainfall in North and South China,but in the weak years it is contrary.(3)Besides,the index has obvious QBO and quasi 4-year oscillations,but the periods and amplitudes have significant changes on an interdecadal basis.     

INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF INDEX OF EAST ASIAN LAND-SEA THERMAL DIFFERENCE AND ITS RELATION TO MONSOON CIRCULATION AND RAINFALL OVER CHINA

This paper proposes an index of land-sea thermal difference(ILSTD)that describes its zonal andmeridional strength responsible for East Asian monsoon circulation to study its relation to the EastAsian monsoon circulation and the summer rainfall over China on an interannual basis.Results are asfollows:(1)ILSTD can be used to measure the strength of East Asian summer monsoon in such away that the strong(weak)ILSTD years are associated with strong(weak)summer monsooncirculation.(2)The index also reflects well summer rainfall anomaly over the eastern part of China.In the strong index years,rain belt is mainly located over the northern China,and serious droughtemerges in the Jianghuai valleys and mid-lower reaches of the Changjiang River,along with increaseof rainfall in North and South China,but in the weak years it is contrary.(3)Besides,the index hasobvious QBO and quasi 4-year oscillations,but the periods and amplitudes have significant changes onan interdecadal basis.     

Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review

This review recapitulates climate variations of the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon and our current understanding of the important physical processes responsible for the SCS summer monsoon's intraseasonal to interannual variations. We demonstrate that the 850 hPa meridional shear vorticity index (SCSMI) can conveniently measure and monitor SCS monsoon variations on a timescale ranging from intraseasonal to interdecadal. Analyses with this multi-scale index reveal that the two principal modes of intraseasonal variation, the quasi-biweekly and 30–60-day modes, have different source regions and lifecycles, and both may be potentially predicted at a lead time longer than one-half of their corresponding lifecycles. The leading mode of interannual variation is seasonally dependent: the seasonal precipitation anomaly suddenly reverses the sign from summer to fall, and the reversed anomaly then persists through the next summer. Since the late 1970s, the relationship between the SCS summer monsoon and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significantly strengthened. Before the late 1970s, the SCS summer monsoon was primarily influenced by ENSO development, while after the late 1970s, it has been affected mainly in the decaying phase of ENSO. The year of 1993 marked a sudden interdecadal change in precipitation and circulation in the SCS and its surrounding region. Over the past 60 years, the SCS summer monsoon's strength shows no significant trend, but the SCS winter monsoon displays a significant strengthening tendency (mainly in its easterly component and its total wind speed). A number of outstanding issues are raised for future studies.     

强弱南海夏季风活动及大气季节内振荡

应用ＮＣＥＰ再分析资料和中国降水资料，分析研究了对应南海强、弱夏季风的环流形势及其与之相应的中国东部的降水异常。其结果表明，由强、弱夏季风所引起的中国气候异常是完全不同（甚至反相）的。分析大气季节内振荡（ＩＳＯ）的活动还表明，对应大气强（弱）南海夏季风，南海地区 ８５０ ｈＰａ也有强（弱）大气 ＩＳＯ；而强、弱南海夏季风环流（２００ ｈＰａ和 ８５０ ｈＰａ）主要由异常的大气ＩＳＯ所激发。本研究还揭示了南海地区大气ＩＳＯ的变化往往与江淮地区大气ＩＳＯ的变化反相，例如南海地区的强（弱）大气ＩＳＯ常与江淮流域的弱（强）大气ＩＳＯ相对应。对于大气ＩＳＯ的强度，一般多表现出局地激发特征，经向传播相对较弱。     

The East Asian Monsoon Simulation with IAP AGCMs-A Composite Study

Ｔｈｅ　Ｅａｓｔ　Ａｓｉａｎ　Ｍｏｎｓｏｏｎ　Ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｗｉｔｈ　ＩＡＰ　ＡＧＣＭｓ－Ａ　Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅ　ＳｔｕｄｙＷａｎｇＨｕｉｊｕｎａｎｄＢｉＸｕｎｑｉａｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ（ＩＡＰ），...     

印度季风的年际变化与高原夏季旱涝

根据NCEP／NCAR再分析资料和海表面温度距平资料,分析了西藏高原夏季降水5个多、少雨年春、夏季印度洋850hPa、200hPa合成风场和合成海温场,发现多、少雨年前期与同期印度洋高、低空风场和海温场均存在明显差异,主要表现为高原夏季降水偏多(少)年印度夏季风偏强(弱),在850hPa合成风场上印度半岛维持西(东)风距平,西印度洋—东非沿岸为南(北)风距平,夏季阿拉伯海区和孟加拉湾出现反气旋(气旋)距平环流;200hPa合成风场上印度半岛维持东(西)风距平,南亚高压偏强(弱),索马里沿岸为南(北)风距平。印度夏季风异常与夏季印度洋海温距平的纬向分布型有密切联系。当夏季海温场出现西冷(暖)东暖(冷)的分布型时,季风偏强(弱),高原降水普遍偏多(少)。相关分析指出,索马里赤道海区的风场异常与高原夏季降水的关系最为密切,在此基础上我们定义了一个索马里急流越赤道气流指数,用它识别高原夏季旱涝的能力较之目前普遍使用的印度季风指数有了明显的提高。     

The Major Interannual Modes of Late-Summer Precipitation Over the Northern China Monsoon Region

ABSTRACT

Summer precipitation in the northern China monsoon region (NCMR; 35°–55°N, 108°–135°E) shows significant intraseasonal variability. The early-summer (June) and late-summer (July–August) precipitation patterns show clear differences in their formation mechanisms and the systems that affect them. We used empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to investigate the two leading modes of July–August precipitation over the NCMR and their associated atmospheric circulation anomalies using linear regression. The results show that the first (EOF1) and second (EOF2) modes correspond to a pan-NCMR precipitation variation pattern and a precipitation oscillation pattern between North China (NC) and Northeast China (NEC), respectively. These two modes account for 22.1% and 10.1% of the total variance, respectively. The associated principal components (PCs) both have significant interannual variability with a period of 2–4 years. In addition, PC1 has significant interdecadal variability with a period of 20–30 years. Further analysis suggests that EOF1 and EOF2 clearly have a different relationship with the summer monsoon circulation system. In the positive phase of PC1, the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream (EAWJS) shows a northward trend with higher intensity than normal the blocking high at mid- to high latitudes is inactive; and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is located to the north of its normal position. The NCMR is controlled by stronger southerly winds, which cause the convergence of water vapour, favouring more precipitation in this region and vice versa. In the positive phase of PC2, the EAWJS swings to the south of Lake Baikal. Significant positive height anomalies exist from western NC to NEC. Significant negative height anomalies occur to the subtropical northwestern Pacific. This indicates that the cold vortex in Northeast China is inactive, the WPSH tends to be weaker and located to the south of its normal position, and NEC (NC) is dominated by anomalous northeasterly (southeasterly) winds. The convergence (divergence) of water vapour in NC (NEC) favours more (less) precipitation in NC (NEC) and vice versa. Therefore, EOF1 is related to the large-scale circulation anomalies over East Asia and the northwest Pacific in July and August, whereas EOF2 is more closely related to the anomalies in the regional circulation over the NCMR and the subtropical northwestern Pacific.     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AUTUMN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE MODE AND THE STRENGTH OF SCS SUMMER MONSOON

Based on 1948 - 2004 monthly Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and NCEP/NCAR atmospheric reanalysis data, the relationships between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM) and the strength of South China Sea (SCS) Summer Monsoon are investigated through the EOF and smooth correlation methods. The results are as the following. (1) There are two dominant modes of autumn SSTA over the tropical Indian Ocean. They are the uniformly signed basin-wide mode (USBM) and Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM), respectively. The SSTA associated with USBM are prevailing decadal to interdecadal variability characterized by a unanimous pattern, while the IODM mainly represents interannual variability of SSTA. (2) When positive (negative) IODM exists over the tropical Indian Ocean during the preceding fall, the SCS summer monsoon will be weak (strong). The negative correlation between the interannual variability of IODM and that of SCS summer monsoon is significant during the warm phase of long-term trend but insignificant during the cool phase. (3) When the SCS summer monsoon is strong (weak), the IODM will be in its positive (negative) phase during the following fall season. The positive correlation between the interannual variability of SCS summer monsoon and that of IODM is significant during both the warm and cool phase of the long-term trend, but insignificant during the transition between the two phases.