CO2地下埋存分布状况及环境影啊的监测

CO2的地质埋存处理是减缓温室效应的现实选择之一。要保证埋存的有效性、安全性和持久性,需要对钻井（主要包括注入井和废弃井）、CO2地下分布运移状况以及因CO2渗漏所造成的环境影响等方面实施严格的监测管理。通过对以上各方面文献的查阅和综合分析,系统阐述了世界范围内目前CO2地质埋存过程中所采用的各项主要监测技术。     

碳捕获与封存技术潜在的环境影响及对策建议

作为减缓气候变化行动的选择方案之一,碳捕获与封存（CCS）技术受到国际社会特别是发达国家的格外关注,但是能否得到广泛应用,除了要取决于其技术成熟度、成本,在发展中国家的技术普及和转让及其应用技术的能力,政策法规等因素外,其潜在的环境影响及其管理也是目前备受关注的一个问题。因此,针对CCS技术潜在的环境影响以及目前发达国家关于CCS技术环境影响的管理进行了分析,并对我国未来CCS技术的环境管理提出了一些对策建议。     

中国气候与环境演变评估(Ⅱ)：气候与环境变化的影响与适应、减缓对策

 气候与环境变化对我国的影响表现在自然、社会、经济和政治等各个方面。通过对我国气候与环境影响的评估，从生态系统、农业、水资源、重大工程等方面进行了论述。在此基础上，从冰冻圈、生态系统、土地退化、工业、交通、服务业、城市与生活等几个方面进行了气候影响的利弊分析。进而评估了气候变化对我国区域可持续发展的影响，提出了气候变化的适应与减缓对策。     

CO2地下埋存分布状况及环境影响的监测

CO₂的地质埋存处理是减缓温室效应的现实选择之一。要保证埋存的有效性、安全性和持久性,需要对钻井（主要包括注入井和废弃井）、CO₂地下分布运移状况以及因CO₂渗漏所造成的环境影响等方面实施严格的监测管理。通过对以上各方面文献的查阅和综合分析,系统阐述了世界范围内目前CO₂地质埋存过程中所采用的各项主要监测技术。     

营口港扩建工程悬浮物对海域环境影响分析

以营口港扩建工程为例,在潮流模拟计算基础上,利用悬浮物扩散模型分析论证了海域施工过程中悬浮物对海域水质及海洋生物的影响。结果表明:施工期对悬浮物影响范围仅局限于港区防波堤范围内,对港区外海域环境影响较小。     

CO2地下埋存分布状况及环境影响的监测

 CO₂的地质埋存处理是减缓温室效应的现实选择之一。要保证埋存的有效性、安全性和持久性,需要对钻井（主要包括注入井和废弃井）、CO₂地下分布运移状况以及因CO₂渗漏所造成的环境影响等方面实施严格的监测管理。通过对以上各方面文献的查阅和综合分析,系统阐述了世界范围内目前CO₂地质埋存过程中所采用的各项主要监测技术。     

新一代多普勒天气雷达电磁辐射污染分析

为定量分析天气雷达电磁辐射环境影响,作者根据新一代多普勒天气雷达的主要性能参数,结合对安徽即将布点的三部新一代多普勒天气雷达环境评价工作的成果,理论推导其电磁辐射的分布情况,按照《电磁辐射防护规定》(GB8702-88)和《电磁辐射环境影响评价方法和标准》(HJ/T10.3-1996)的要求,分析了新一代多普勒天气雷达对环境的电磁辐射影响,由此计算出天气雷达工作时主瓣方向及旁瓣方向电磁辐射安全防护距离,对雷达布点站址选择及运行时的电磁防护有一定的参考价值。     

如何提高自动气象站数据文件质量

在环境影响评价工作中,提出合理的环境保护对策、措施,对发展生产保护环境是非常重要的,而污染治理的手段既与工程排污特征有关,也随时在发展变化,本文仅对高炉出铁场无组织排放烟气的成熟治理技术进行介绍,以便提高建设项目环境影响报告书的质量,加快建设项目环境影响报告书技术评估的速度。     

风资料在环境影响分析和规划设计中的正确应用

讨论了环境影响分析评价中不仅地考虑风的频率,还要考虑风的速度,即要考虑污染系数,不同的建设项目对风的考虑有所不同,山区静风频率高,持续时间长又该如何考虑,本文进行了探讨。     

LCA简介及小城镇生活垃圾治理以及在环境评价中的应用

针对当前小城镇生活垃圾的特点,根据SETAC和ISO14000关于生命周期评价的技术框架,应用生命周期评价对小城镇生活垃圾生命周期各个阶段成本消耗和环境影响进行定量化分析和评估,同时结合复合生态学理论,提出小城镇的生活垃圾的治理途径,保证小城镇生态建设规划的实施。     

关于风力发电场风机光影影响防护距离的研究

风力发电场的建设,极大地推动了地方经济的发展;但如果风机布置不科学,极有可能对周围民宅产生光影闪烁影响。关于风力发电场风机的光影闪烁影响预测,国家目前尚无相应的标准和规范,也无可借鉴资料。综合分析了辽宁省环境工程评估审核中心所评估的个例环评报告,初步探讨了风机产生的光影闪烁影响的各种情况,提出了风机光影影响防护距离的概念和计算方法。     

CALMET模式不同参数化方案对江西省山地风场模拟的对比分析

通过降尺度模式CALMET不同参数化方案对江西山地风场测风塔风速风向模拟结果的对比分析,选取出适合山地风场模拟的最优参数化方案,并进行连续一年的模拟效果检验。结果表明:CALMET模式以不采用地形动力效应参数调整和Froude数调整,采用下坡气流效应调整和O’Brien垂直风速调整时,对江西省境内山地风场50 m以上高度层风场模拟效果最佳。最优参数化方案不仅能较好地模拟出山地风场测风塔逐时风速,并且对全年风速段分布模拟有较好的结果。CALMET模式能模拟出实际测风塔全年主导风向,但模拟与实测结果主导风向分布约有一个方位的偏差,主导风向频率有7%~8%的偏差。     

基于高塔观测的登陆台风边界层风切变指数拟合

利用深圳气象梯度观测塔观测数据,以2017年以来进入深圳150 km范围的7个台风个例为研究对象,基于幂指数律拟合讨论台风边界层风切变指数的变化规律.结果表明:幂指数能较好地拟合台风影响下350 m高度以下风廓线,随着拟合高度范围增加,风切变指数增大,拟合精度基本维持;用深圳气象梯度观测塔等差层数据拟合台风风速效果好于...     

我国不同概率风压的计算

风压是建筑设计中很重要的基本设计数据之一,特别是高耸构筑物,它是设计上主要控制荷载。因此,为了使建筑结构设计做到安全、经济和适用,正确地确定风压是非常重要的。由于各种建筑物寿命不同,要求的风压值也各异。木文根据各种建筑物的要求,按极值分布理论,计算了10、20、30、60和100年一遇的风压值,这些资料已列入有关部门的规范或手册中。     

A study of the relation between the surface wind at Trawsfynydd Power Station and nearby topography

Trawsfynydd Power Station (52.9N, 04.0W) lies in a hilly region in northwest Wales. Certain local effects on the surface wind at the power station are revealed by comparing the surface wind there with the surface wind at Valley (53.3N, 04.5W), a well-exposed coastal site only about 50 km to the northwest. Tentative explanations are given for the occurrence of the observed local effects in terms of nearby topography.     

Analysis of Wind Power Assessment Based on the WRF Model

Assessing wind energy is a key step in selecting a site for a wind farm. The accuracy of the assessment is essential for the future operation of the wind farm. There are two main methods for assessing wind power： one is based on observational data and the other relies on mesoscale numerical weather prediction（NWP）. In this study, the wind power of the Liaoning coastal wind farm was evaluated using observations from an anemometer tower and simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model, to see whether the WRF model can produce a valid assessment of the wind power and whether the downscaling process can provide a better evaluation. The paper presents long-term wind data analysis in terms of annual, seasonal, and diurnal variations at the wind farm, which is located on the east coast of Liaoning Province. The results showed that, in spring and summer, the wind speed, wind direction, wind power density, and other main indicators were consistent between the two methods. However, the values of these parameters from the WRF model were significantly higher than the observations from the anemometer tower. Therefore, the causes of the differences between the two methods were further analyzed. There was much more deviation in the original material, National Centers for Environmental Prediction（NCEP） final（FNL） Operational Global Analysis data, in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. As the region is vulnerable to cold-air outbreaks and windy weather in autumn and winter, and the model usually forecasted stronger high or low systems with a longer duration, the predicted wind speed from the WRF model was too large.     

Turbulent Flow Properties Around a Staggered Wind Farm

The fundamental properties of turbulent flow around a perfectly staggered wind farm are investigated in a wind tunnel. The wind farm consisted of a series of 10 rows by 2–3 columns of miniature wind turbines spaced 5 and 4 rotor diameters in the streamwise and spanwise directions respectively. It was placed in a boundary-layer flow developed over a smooth surface under thermally neutral conditions. Cross-wire anemometry was used to obtain high resolution measurements of streamwise and vertical velocity components at various locations within and above the wind farm. The results show that the staggered configuration is more efficient in terms of momentum transfer from the background flow to the turbines compared to the case of an aligned wind turbine array under similar turbine separations in the streamwise and spanwise directions. This leads to improved power output of the overall wind farm. A simplified analysis suggests that the difference in power output between the two configurations is on the order of 10%. The maximum levels of turbulence intensity in the staggered wind farm were found to be very similar to that observed in the wake of a single wind turbine, differing substantially with that observed in an aligned configuration with similar spacing. The dramatic changes in momentum and turbulence characteristics in the two configurations show the importance of turbine layout in engineering design. Lateral homogenization of the turbulence statistics above the wind farm allows for the development of simple parametrizations for the adjustment of flow properties, similar to the case of a surface roughness transition. The development of an internal boundary layer was observed at the upper edge of the wind farm within which the flow statistics are affected by the superposition of the ambient flow and the flow disturbance induced by the wind turbines. The adjustment of the flow in this layer is much slower in the staggered situation (with respect to its aligned counterpart), implying a change in the momentum/power available at turbine locations. Additionally, power spectra of the streamwise and vertical velocity components indicate that the signature of each turbine-tip vortex structure persists to locations deep within the wind farm.     

An Observational Study on the Local Climate Effect of the Shangyi Wind Farm in Hebei Province

Zhangjiakou is an important wind power base in Hebei Province, China. The impact of its wind farms on the local climate is controversial. Based on long-term meteorological data from 1981 to 2018, we investigated the effects of the Shangyi Wind Farm (SWF) in Zhangjiakou on air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and precipitation using the anomaly or ratio method between the impacted weather station and the non-impacted background weather station. The influence of the SWF on land surface temperature (LST) and evapotranspiration (ET) using MODIS satellite data from 2003 to 2018 was also explored. The results showed that the SWF had an atmospheric warming effect at night especially in summer and autumn (up to 0.95°C). The daytime air temperature changes were marginal, and their signs were varying depending on the season. The annual mean wind speed decreased by 6％, mainly noted in spring and winter (up to 14％). The precipitation and relative humidity were not affected by the SWF. There was no increase in LST in the SWF perhaps due to the increased vegetation coverage unrelated to the wind farms, which canceled out the wind farm-induced land surface warming and also resulted in an increase in ET. The results showed that the impact of wind farms on the local climate was significant, while their impact on the regional climate was slight.     

基于CFD动力降尺度的复杂地形风电场风电功率短期预测方法研究

复杂地形导致近地层风场时空变化大,是影响风电场短期风电功率预测准确率的重要因素。为此,基于中尺度数值预报模式和微尺度计算流体力学模式,建立了风电场短期风电功率动力降尺度预测系统。该系统由中尺度数值预报模式、微尺度风场基础数据库、风电功率预测集成系统组成,能够预测复杂地形风电场中每台风电机组未来72 h逐15 min的发电量。提高了复杂地形风场发电功率预测准确率,同时还可以在上报电网的风电功率预测结果中考虑运行维护计划和限电等因素对实际并网功率的影响。2014年7月-2015年1月的业务预测试验表明,风电场短期风电功率动力降尺度预测系统的月预测相对误差均小于0.2,满足中国国家电网对风电功率预测误差和时效性的业务要求。动力降尺度技术不受具体项目地形复杂程度和历史观测数据样本量的限制,可以在新建风电场中推广应用,具备实际的可操作性。      

Simulated Influence of Mountainous Wind Farms Operations on Local Climate

Renewable energy sources, especially wind power, were believed to be able to slow down global warming; however, evidence in recent years shows that wind farms may also induce climate change. With the rapid development of wind power industry, the number of wind farms installed in mountains has gradually increased. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of wind farms in mountainous areas on local climate. The Suizhou and Dawu wind farms in northern Hubei Province were chosen for the present study on the impact of wind farm operations on the local climate in mountainous areas. The mesoscale meteorological numerical model Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and the Fitch model, together with turbulence correction factor, were used to simulate wind farm operations and study their effects on local climate. The results showed the characteristics of wind speed attenuation in mountainous wind farms: the amplitude and range of wind speed attenuation were stronger in the nighttime than in the daytime, and stronger in summer than in winter. The surface temperature increased and became more significant in summer. However, a cooling variation was observed above the surface warming center. The height of this center was higher in the daytime than it was in the nighttime. The latent heat flux in the wind farms decreased at night, accompanied by an increase in sensible heat flux. However, these changes were not significant. Some differences were observed between the impact of wind farms on the climate in the plains and the mountains. Such differences are more likely to be related to complex terrain conditions, climate conditions, and the density of wind turbines. The present study may provide support for the development and construction of wind farms in mountainous areas.