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由于地球自转和公转的原因,太阳紫外线辐射强度呈现出以一年和一天为周期的规律性变化.一年之内,以夏季最强,冬季最弱;一天之内,中午前后最强,早晚最弱.影响紫外线辐射强度的因子比较多,最主要的是云量、云状和能见度.经分析,紫外线辐射强度随着云量的增加而减小,随着能见度的增大而增强;高云对紫外线辐射强度影响较小,低云影响较大,中云居中.通过研究,确定了它们之间的定量关系. 相似文献
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利用2003年4月至2006年6月商丘市气象台观测到的太阳紫外线指数资料及总云量、能见度、气温和相对湿度资料,分析了商丘市区紫外线指数的月、日变化规律以及气象因子与紫外线指数的关系。结果表明:①商丘紫外线指数1~2月和11~12月小,3~10月大,7~8月最大。②紫外线指数的日变化规律显著,基本上遵循正态分布,一天中辐射最强的时段在11:00~14:00,紫外线指数基本在6以上,辐射等级超过3级,紫外线照射强度中等以上。③紫外线指数与总云量、能见度、气温和相对湿度有较好的相关性。14:00的紫外线指数与同时次的总云量呈反相关,相关系数为-0.57;与能见度呈正相关,相关系数为0.64;与气温呈正相关,相关系数为0.46;与相对湿度呈反相关,相关系数为-0.8。 相似文献
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近地面太阳紫外线辐射强度分析与预报 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
利用2003年3月至2004年2月日照市气象台观测的太阳紫外线辐射强度资料及对应的云量、能见度、湿度气象资料,通过对气象因子与紫外线辐射强度关系的定量分析,建立了单因子识别紫外线辐射强度的数学模型。选用单因子贡献度的数学累积值计算多因子综合贡献度,通过多级判别分析,确定综合贡献度与紫外线辐射强度等级的对应关系。根据数值模式输出产品的解释应用结果,对紫外线辐射强度等级做预报。2004年3~4月试运行结果较好。 相似文献
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商丘市紫外线辐射与气象因子的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用2003年4月至2006年6月商丘太阳紫外线辐射强度资料及气象资料,分析了商丘市紫外线辐射的月、日变化规律及气象因子对紫外线辐射的影响。结果表明:商丘紫外线辐射月际分布是,年初、年底辐射量小,3~9月辐射量大,最大辐射指数为11.4;紫外线辐射的日变化规律显著,基本上遵循正态分布,呈抛物线型变化,早晚辐射量小、中午前后紫外线辐射量大;紫外线辐射强度与总云量呈反相关,与能见度呈正相关,与气温呈正相关,与相对湿度呈反相关。 相似文献
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热带地区云量日变化的气候特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用国际卫星云气候计划(ISCCP)1984—2003年共20年云量资料,统计分析了热带地区的云量日变化特征,研究结果表明,云量峰值时间和变化幅度在全球的分布都较为均匀,而海陆差异明显。高云和低云在变化机制上相对独立,其云量日变化并非同步。全球云量日变化由4类基本形式组成,分别为洋面高云型、陆面高云型、洋面低云型和陆面低云型。高云日变化与地表辐射加热状况密切相关,其形式在洋面和陆面类似,均为早晨出现云量最小值而午后到达云量峰值。相比于洋面,陆面高云的峰值在夜间持续时间较长,可发展至更为稳定深厚的云系。低云多在局地5时附近出现云量峰值,18时左右达到云量极小值,其中陆面低云在12时出现第二峰值。 相似文献
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陈磊 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1):39-44
为加强新疆戈壁地区云的自动观测,利用辐射传输模式SBDART和新疆博湖地区历史气候资料,分析了当地大气向下红外辐射对大气影响因子的敏感性和利用全天空红外辐射进行云识别分类的可行性,并提出了一种基于典型云族红外阈值的云分类方法。结果表明:(1)水汽、云、天顶角、能见度等对中红外波段向下红外辐射值都有较大影响;(2)当能见度较差时,气溶胶对向下红外辐射的贡献不可忽略,并由于局地气溶胶辐射特性难以确定,因此是利用天空向下红外辐射进行云识别时的一个不确定因素;(3)根据8~14μm波段不同云族的辐射特性差异分析,阈值法是进行云识别和云族区分的有效方法。但该方法应用效果的好坏依赖于实测探空数据和历史气候数据的有效性及准确性。 相似文献
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I. Foyo-Moreno I. Alados F. J. Olmo J. Vida L. Alados-Arboledas 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2001,68(1-2):41-50
Summary Knowledge of ultraviolet radiation is necessary in different applications, in the absence of measurements, this radiometric
flux must be estimated from available parameters. To compute this flux under all sky conditions one must consider the influence
of clouds. Clouds are the largest modulators of the solar radiative flux reaching the Earth’s surface. The amount and type
of cloud cover prevailing at a given time and location largely determines the amount and type of solar radiation received
at the Earth’s surface. This cloud radiative effect is different for the different solar spectral bands. In this work, we
analyse the cloud radiative effect over ultraviolet radiation (290–385 nm). This could be done by defining a cloud modification
Factor. We have developed such cloud modification Factor considering two different types of clouds. The efficiency of the
cloud radiative effect scheme has been tested in combination with a cloudless sky empirical model using independent data sets.
The performance of the model has been tested in relation to its predictive capability of global ultraviolet radiation. For
this purpose, data recorded at two radiometric stations are used. The first one is located at the University of Almería, a
seashore location (36.83° N, 2.41° W, 20 m a.m.s.l.), while the second one is located at Granada (37.18° N, 3.58° W, 660 m
a.m.s.l.), an inland location. The database includes hourly values of the relevant variables that cover the years 1993–94
in Almería and 1994–95 in Granada. Cloud cover information provided by the Spanish Meteorological Service has been include
to compute the clouds radiative effect. After our study, it appears that the combination of an appropriate cloudless sky model
with the cloud modification Factor scheme provides estimates of ultraviolet radiation with mean bias deviation of about 5%
that is close to experimental errors. Comparisons with similar formulations of the cloud radiative effect over the whole solar
spectrum provides evidence for the spectral dependency of the cloud radiative effect.
Received November 15, 1999 Revised September 11, 2000 相似文献
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L. Alados-Arboledas I. Alados I. Foyo-Moreno F. J. Olmo A. Alcntara 《Atmospheric Research》2003,66(4):273-290
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of clouds on the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance. The study was developed at three stations in the Iberian Peninsula: Madrid and Murcia, using data recorded in the period 2000–2001, and Zaragoza, using data recorded in 2001. In order to determine the cloud effect on ultraviolet erythemal irradiance, we considered a cloud modification factor defined as the ratio between the measured values of ultraviolet erythemal irradiance and the corresponding clear-sky ultraviolet erythemal irradiance, which would be expected for the same time period and atmospheric conditions. The dependence of this cloud modification factor on total cloud amount, cloud type and solar elevation angle was investigated. The results suggest that the effect of cloud on ultraviolet erythemal irradiance can be parameterized in a simple way in terms of the cloud amount. Our results suggest that the same cloud modification factor model can be used at the three analysed locations estimating the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance with mean bias deviation (MBD) in the range of the expected experimental errors. This cloud modification factor is lower than that associated to the whole solar spectral range, indicating that the attenuation for the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance is lower than that associated to other solar spectral ranges. The cloud modification factor for ultraviolet erythemal irradiance presents dependence with solar elevation, with opposite dependencies with solar elevation for overcast and partial cloud cover conditions, a fact that can be explained in terms of the influence of reflection-enhancement of the ultraviolet irradiance in the last case. Concerning the influence of cloud type, a limited study of two cloud categories, low and medium level and high level, indicated that for overcast conditions, lower clouds presents an attenuation of ultraviolet erythemal irradiance 20% greater than that associated to high level clouds. 相似文献
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南京市紫外线辐射强度的变化及影响因子 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用南京市2005-02—2009-01共4 a的紫外线辐射观测资料,分析了到达地面的紫外线辐射强度的变化特征,并探讨了云、污染物浓度和雾、霾天气等对紫外线辐射强度的影响。结果表明,低云量对紫外线强度的衰减更明显,最大达58.15%,蔽光性云层对紫外线辐射强度的衰减可达71%~80%;紫外线辐射强度与污染物浓度呈负相关,其中与NO2的相关性最好,为-0.39;晴空条件下,严重霾对紫外线辐射强度的衰减率可达20%以上,浓雾对紫外线辐射强度的衰减接近50%。 相似文献
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The cloud variations under subtropical high(STH) conditions during summers over a ten-year period are studied using combined data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.The results reveal that clouds mainly experience an isolated evolution in the STHs,which is designated in this study by the 1540 gpm geopotential lines at 850 hPa.In the STH domain throughout the Northern Hemisphere,the average amount of total clouds exceeds 30%.Low clouds dominate in the STH domain,contributing over 60%of total cloud amount within the Pacific subtropical high and over 40%within the Atlantic subtropical high.The prevalence of low clouds in above regions is determined by the circulation pattern around 150°-180°E and 850 hPa,which suppresses both the upward development of the cloud tops and the water vapor divergences near the surface.Furthermore,clouds present great geographical incoherence within the STH domain.In the eastern STHs,the amount of middle and low clouds increases to peak in the early morning and decreases to a trough in the afternoon,while the amount of high clouds remains stable throughout the day.Conversely,in the western STHs,the diurnal amplitude of low and middle clouds is less than three,while high clouds dramatically reach the maximum in the afternoon and drop to the minimum in the evening.Among the nine cloud categories,stratocumulus clouds with greater optical thickness account for the most under STH conditions,no matter their occurrence or amount,causing more shortwave cloud radiative forcing to cool the local atmosphere and surface as a consequence. 相似文献