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由于现有MODIS火点检测算法对不同区域和不同季节的适应能力有限,因此需要关注复杂地表条件下对森林火灾伴生烟羽的识别问题,以提高明火点和低温焖烧火点的检测精度。本文基于烟羽扩散对大气气溶胶分布产生的影响,通过提取火灾区域的大气气溶胶光学厚度信息来描述区域内潜在火点的烟羽扩散特征,作为判识火点的辅助手段。利用MODIS资料,借助暗像元法通过6S模式反演了多个火点及周围区域的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),并对明火点和低温火点在不同扩散范围和不同方位角条件下AOD的累积效应对烟羽的敏感性进行实验。结果表明,利用暗像元法反演出的AOD能明显地表征火灾伴生烟羽的分布特征,指示烟羽扩散方向及大致扩散范围。当以火点为中心,取32位方位角,扩散半径为10 km时,下风向与上风向的AOD累积效应差异最为显著,其累积值之比均10,对烟羽检测最为敏感。由此建立烟羽识别条件,为判识火点提供辅助依据,有效规避了MODIS火点检测算法对离散火点,特别是低温火点的漏判。 相似文献
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研究碘化银(AgI)烟流的扩散,使用两架飞机,即一架播撒飞机和一架测量飞机。用飞机播撒 AgI 烟雾,造成一条瞬时的烟粒子线源或一个连续点源(椭园形)。在一小时后,用装备声型冰核计数器的另一架飞机捕获烟流中的烟粒子进行测量。在北方 Wasatch 山脉的冬季地形风暴中,由飞机上 AgI 发生器释放烟雾测量 相似文献
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本文建立了模拟区域尺度的大气污染物输送与扩散过程的拉格朗日K模式,该模式结构简单,计算量小。初始浓度场采用高斯烟流扩散模式确定大气污染物的垂直分布,克服了区域模式在近距离短时间预测浓度精度不高的缺点。应用修正的拉格朗日K模式预测了江苏省区域排放的SO2在大气中输送与散布过程,验证结果表明该模式的精度能够满足区域环境污染物分布预测等环境应用的需要。 相似文献
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利用烟团模式的思想,建立起有限时间排放的污染扩散模式。验证了在排放时间极短时,该瞬时点泊扩散的解析解完全一致;在排放时间充分长时,和连续点源的烟羽扩散模式有非常好的一致性,有限时间放污染的特征,是随着事故发生、排放开始,地面污染浓度有一个很快的积累过程,从近源处开始浓度达到一种动态平衡;事故结束时,由于大气“净化”能力,污染慢慢减轻,直到最后“消失” 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2018,(5)
考虑到现有MODIS火灾检测算法易对低温火点产生漏判,通过研究MODIS C6-3 km、C5. 1-10 km AOD产品在西南地区不同区域森林火灾伴生烟羽扩散和分布的特性表征,对比火点中心32个方位、不同扩散范围下烟羽正、反方向AOD累积效应,以提高卫星遥感数据对火点的检测精度。结果表明:在西南中东部林区,MODIS C6-3 km AOD产品能较准确地表征该地区林火伴生烟羽的分布特征及扩散方向,且以火点为圆心,在3、6、9、15、24 km烟羽扩散半径内,当MODIS C6-3 km AOD累积AOD比值大于1. 55的特征半径存在时,该产品对烟羽检测有一定指示意义。在西南高山林区,基于暗像元法反演的MODIS C6-3 km AOD产品,由于算法中地表反射率的假定误差较大,且烟羽易识别为薄云,可能无法反演出有效数值,对林火伴生烟羽的检测能力较差,而深蓝算法反演的MODIS C5. 1-10 km AOD产品对伴生烟羽的检测具有一定优势。 相似文献
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一次飞机播撒吸湿性焰剂试验的微物理探测浅析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
2011年夏季,北京市人工影响天气办公室组织了吸湿性焰剂的飞机播撒试验,选取八达岭长城西北的淡积云作为催化对象.试验期间,使用装备了云探测设备的运12飞机进行播撒及云微物理探测.在6月1日的试验中,运用差异化策略分别对不同的淡积云实施了催化,探测发现云中出现了符合暖云增雨概念模型的微物理反应.随后在晴空区实施了烟羽探测试验,通过在吸湿性焰剂烟羽区的穿刺飞行,获得了正在扩散的吸湿性焰剂的粒子谱,了解了播撒后扩散区的微物理特征. 相似文献
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THE DIFFUSION PARAMETER AND HEAT-RELEASE RATE OF PLUMES CAUSED BY THE 1987 FOREST FIRE IN NORTHEAST CHINA 下载免费PDF全文
Xu Dahai 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1990,4(4):484-493
In this paper the meteorological background for the formation of plume from the forest fire in NortheastChina on 7—8 May 1987 is stated.The long-range instantaneous diffusion parameters are calculated by usingthe satellite photograph of the plumes with visible length ranging from 100 to over 500 kin.The results of cal-culation show that the relations between instantaneous diffusion parameter and travel time(up to 60000 sec.)obey the law of linear or 3/2 power.In addition,heat release from the fire on May 7—8 estimated by puffrising formula can meet,in respect to the order of magnitude,the value gained on the field survey. 相似文献
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近30年甘肃省气温时空变异分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于ArcGIS Analyst平台,采用协同克里格(CoKriging)插值方法,对1979—2008年甘肃省旬平均气温进行了空间插值,得到1km×1km各旬的平均气温表面数据。第36旬气温插值结果的平均误差、均方根误差、平均标准差、标准化平均误差和均方根标准差的平均分别为-0.00046,1.998,1.809,0.0035和1.087℃。利用插值计算结果和气象站观测数据,分析了旬、月和年平均气温的时空变异特征。结果表明,空间上东南部地区的气温变异较小,其他地区的变异较大;时间上第23-24旬、第24-26旬、第25-27旬、第33-35旬和第34-36旬的平均气温呈平稳下降趋势,第4-6旬、第5-7旬、第6-8旬、第7-9旬和第8-10旬的平均气温呈平稳上升趋势,7月气温呈不显著下降趋势,3,5和10月的平均气温略呈上升趋势。1979—2008年甘肃省的年平均气温为8.05℃,3年滑动平均最低气温(1983—1985年)为7.13℃,最高气温(2005—2007年)为8.82℃,气温上升趋势较为明显。 相似文献
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西北干旱区荒漠戈壁陆面过程的数值模拟 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
首先利用“中国西北干旱区陆 气相互作用试验”2 0 0 0年 5~ 6月在甘肃敦煌进行的陆 气相互作用野外试验的观测资料 ,确定了西北干旱区荒漠戈壁的陆面过程参数 ,并用这些参数改进了已有的陆面过程模式。然后用该陆面过程模式对敦煌陆 气相互作用野外试验荒漠戈壁上的大气感热通量、潜热通量、摩擦速度以及净辐射、地表和土壤温度、土壤水份等重要陆面变量进行了模拟 ,结果表明 ,模拟值与观测值非常接近 ,这说明改进后的模式对干旱区陆面过程有较强的模拟能力 相似文献
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STUDY ON THE VARIATION IN THE CONFIGURATION OF SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONE AND ITS MECHANISM DURING SEASONAL TRANSITION-PART I:CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SUBTROPICAL HIGH STRUCTURE* 下载免费PDF全文
Climatological characteristics of subtropical anticyclone structure during seasonal transition are investigated based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The ridge-surface of subtropical anticyclone is defined by the boundary surface between westerly to the north and easterly to the south (WEB in brief).In Afro-Asian monsoon area,the subtropical high in troposphere whose ridgelines are consecutive in wintertime takes on relatively symmetrical and zonal structure,the WEB tilts southward with increasing height.In summer,the subtropical high ridgelines are discontinuous at low levels and continuous at upper levels,the WEB tilts northward from the bottom up.Under the constraint of thermal wind relation,the WEB usually tilts toward warmer zone.May is the period when subtropical high modality most significantly varies.The structure and properties of subtropical high during seasonal transition are different from area to area.A new concept "seasonal transition axis" is proposed based on formation and variation of the vertical ridge axis of subtropical anticyclone.The subtropical high of summer pattern firstly occurs over eastern Bay of Bengal in the beginning of May.then stabilizes over eastern Bay of Bengal,Indo-China,and western South China Sea in the 3rd pentad of May,it exists over the South China Sea in the 4th-5th pentad of May and establishes over central India in the 1st-2nd pentad of June.The three consequential stages when summer modal subtropical high occurs correspond to that of Asian summer monsoon onset,respectively.To a great extent,the summer monsoon onset over the Bay of Bengal depends on the reversal of meridional temperature gradient in vicinity of the WEB in upper troposphere.The meridional temperature gradient at middle-upper levels in troposphere can be used as a good indicator for measuring the seasonal transition and Asian monsoon onset. 相似文献
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Zhang Jiji Zhang Qingshan Dian Changgong Liu Cheng Dong Chaohua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1989,3(4):562-568
From May 6 to June 2,1987,a huge forest fire broke out and raged for 28 days in Da Hinggan Lingregion in far Northeast China,causing heavy loss of life and property,which claims the biggest forest firedisaster in Chinese history.The fire drew attention of the whole of China and was also concerned by manyother countries.How were the meteorological satellites used in the detection of the forest fire?This paperelaborates the principles and methods of the fire detection using meteorological satellites,so that to sum upthe experience and to increase the ability of forest fire detection. 相似文献
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n this paper,using NCEP dataset and the Wei's method,we calculate the exchange of massacross the thermal tropopause during 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings.Theresults indicate that:(1)There is strong air transport from troposphere to stratosphere in summerover the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings.The air transport reaches the summit in midsummerwith three large value centers among which the Bay of Bengal is the largest and the other two largecenters lie in the east and northwest of the Tibetan Plateau,respectively.In May and October thecross-tropopause mass exchange reaches balance.In other months the mass transport is fromstratosphere to troposphere.(2)As far as the cross-tropopause mass exchange from June toSeptember in 1998 is concerned,the net mass transport is 13.7×10~(18) kg from troposphere tostratosphere,So the area from Tibetan Plateau to the Bay of Bengal is a channel through which airmass gets into stratosphere from troposphere. 相似文献
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近海海面油类漂流扩散的研究和预测实践 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据珠江口气象站风速与潮汐站潮位资料,对1955-1998年12次El Nino过程的珠江口季风强度与海平面变化特点进行合成分析,结果表明,El Nino发生前一年冬季,珠江口冬季平均风速较常年值大0.4m/s,El Nino发生当年,月平均风速也普遍大于常年,而月平均海平面则普遍较常年偏低,其中10与11月份负距平为6cm左右。东亚地区的季风异常对珠江口海平面异常有着重大的影响。 相似文献
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Optimal computational parameters are determined through comparisons of typhoon track for similarity relevant to vdrious sets of computational parameters using a simple quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equations model. The result: the Poisson equation is solved for numerical solutions at an iterative accuracy of 1.0 × 10-4 and a time step of 20 min. 相似文献