THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MOVEMENT OF THE MEIYU/BAIU RAIN BELT AND THE PERIODIC NORTHWESTWARD PROPAGATION OF THE CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY FROM TROPICAL WEST PACIFIC*

In order to investigate the effect of the factors in tower latitudes on Meiyu/Baiu front,a diagnostic analysis for the two cases during June to July of 1985 and 1986 was examined.We found that (1) when the tropical convective activity moves westward to 10.5-15.5'N/140°E from east side of 10.5-15.5°N/160°E,the northward shifts of the Meiyu/Baiu rain belt occurs;(2)the main factor which results in the northward and southward shifts of Meiyu/Baiu rain belt is thought as the 8,18 and 30 day oscillations of the tropical convective activity around West Pacific.Meanwhile,the wave train propagating from Lake Baikal via Okhotsk Sea to the tropics could sometimes shift Baiu rain belt southward;(3) the onsets of Meiyu in China of both cases tend to take place just when the convective activity around lower latitudes moves westward through about 140°E with the 8,18 and 30 day oscillation periods firstly coming to June.     

近百年长江中下游梅雨的年际及年代际振荡

利用一种小波变换和统计检验相结合进行气候突变检测的新方法, 分析了1885~2000年长江中下游梅雨强度序列多尺度层次的谱系结构, 并对各层次的突变点进行统计显著性检验; 利用小波能量密度研究了梅雨强度年际及年代际振荡随时间的演变及其方差贡献。结果表明:就大尺度而言, 近百年梅雨强度以1941年为界分成强、弱两种状态, 同时, 在不同时间尺度的层次上, 还存在多个突变点, 例如, 在梅雨较强的1885~1941年阶段中, 含有两个梅雨相对弱的时段, 在梅雨较弱的1942~2000年阶段中亦存在1991~2000年梅雨相对强的时段; 2~3年和6~7年振荡在长江中下游梅雨强度的年际变化中占有较大方差贡献, 其中1978~1987年和1996~2000年段2~3年振荡的方差贡献较大, 1920~1932年段6~7年振荡的方差贡献明显; 在长江中下游梅雨强度的年代际变化中, 23~24年和36~37年振荡的方差贡献在20世纪40年代以后比较突出。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON THE WIND FIELD STRUCTURE OF A MOUNTAINOUS AREA BESIDE SOUTH CHINA SEA DURING THE LANDFALL OF TYPHOON MOLAVE

Leveraging the commercial CFD software FLUENT, the fine-scale three-dimensional wind structure over the Paiya Mountains on the Dapeng Peninsula near Shenzhen, a city on the seashore of South China Sea, during the landfall of Typhoon Molave has been simulated and analyzed. Through the study, a conceptual wind structure model for mountainous areas under strong wind condition is established and the following conclusions are obtained as follows： （1） FLUENT can reasonably simulate a three-dimensional wind structure over mountainous areas under strong wind conditions; （2） the kinetic effect of a mountain can intensify wind speed in the windward side of the mountain and the area over the mountain peak; and （3） in the leeward side of the mountain, wind speed is relatively lower with relatively stronger wind shear and turbulence.     

IAP GCM模式大气波谱结构及其在厄尔尼诺年的异常

本文分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气环流模式(IAP GCM)模式大气波谱结构(沿纬圈的谐波波谱和时域上的频率谱)及其在厄尔尼诺年的异常。结果表明,超长波是低纬波动的主要空间形式,准40天振荡在一定地理区域内显著存在,并与观测结果有一定联系,它们在厄尔尼诺年均发生明显异常。本工作对鉴定GCM性能及开发GCM的研究领域可能是一种有益的尝试。     

DIAGNOSTIC STUDY FOR INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION OF THE MIDDLE-HIGH LATITUDES IN A LOW RESOLUTION GLOBAL SPECTRAL MODEL

In this paper, five-year simulated data from a low-resolution global spectral model with triangular trunca-lion at wavenumber 10 are analyzed in order to study dynamical features and propagation characteristics ofintraseasonal oxillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropical atmosphere. The simulations show that thereis the 30-50 day periodic oscillation in the low-resolution spectral model without non-seasonal external forcing,and spatial scale of the intraseasonal oscihations is of the globe .Further analysis finds that propagation charac-ters of intraseasonal oscillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropics are different. The 30-50 day oscillationover the tropics exhibits structure of the velocity potential wave with wavenumber 1 in the latitudinal and thecharacter of the traveling wave eastward at speed of 8 longitudes/day. However, the 30-50 day oscillationsin mid-latitude atmosphere exhibit phase and amplitude oscillation of the standing planetary waves and theyare related to transform of teleconnection patterns over the mid-latitudes. The energy is not only transferredbetween the tropics and the middle-high latitudes, but also between different regions over the tropics. Based on the analysis of 5-year band pass filtered data from a 5-layer global spectral model of Jow-ordetwith truncated wavenumber l0,investigation is done of the source of intraseasonal oscillations in the extratropicalmodel atmosphere and its mechanism. Results show that (1) the convective heat transferred eastward alongthe equator serves as the source of the intraseasonal oxillation both in the tropical and the extratropical atmos--phere; (2) the velocity-potential wave of a zonal structure of wavenumber 1 gives rise to oxillation in divergentand convergent wind fields of a dipole-form as seen from the equatorial Indian Ocean to the western Pacificduring its eastward propagation, thus indicating the oscillation in the dipole-form heat soure:e/sink pattertl; (3)the tropical heat-source oscillation is responsible for the variation in phase and intensity of the extratropicalstationary wave train, and the interaction between the oscillating low-frequency inertial gravity and stationaryRossby modes that are probably mechanisms for the oscillations ip the middle-high latitudes.     

FORMATION MECHANISM AND PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EQUATORIAL THERMALLY-FORCED SHORT-TERM CLIMATIC OSCILLATION DURING THE NORTHERN SUMMER

In this study, in order to investigate the global climatic oscillations forced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific, two numerical schemes with different SST distri-butions (normal and anomalous cases) are tested by using a nine-layer global spectral model. Experiment results show that (i) in northern summer, a wave train that is similar to the teleconnection pattern suggested by Nitta (1987) and Huang (1987) in the Northern Hemisphere and another one in the Southern Hemisphere are reproduced; (ii) simulated results suggest that the response of atmosphere in middle-high latitudes of both hemispheres to an anomalous heating source is more sensitive in tropical western Pacific than in equatorial central-eastern Pacific; and (iii) in northern summer, the formation of low-frequency oscillations on monthly (seasonal) time scale results from energy dispersion as well as interactions between eddies and zonal flow; and between eddies.     

南亚夏季风系统双周振荡机制的探讨

本文用ECMWF以及OLR资料,分析印度和东亚两个季风子系统之间的相互作用,提出一个关于南亚季风系统双周振荡的机制。机制的主要内容是:(1)南亚季风系统的双周振荡以澳大利亚高压为启动系统,通过两条途径影响北半球;(2)印度季风槽的振荡通过自西向东传播影响ITCZ,使两者活动存在一定的位相差;(3)季风向大陆的水汽输送制约着东亚副热带地区环流系统的变化,影响到南亚高压的东西振荡,最终通过东亚季风环流圈影响澳大利亚高压。      

MECHANISM FOR THE SUSTAINING ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO WARM WINTERTIME SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY IN THE KUROSHIO EXTENSION

Sensitivity experiments with atmospheric general circulation model CAM3 have been performed to investigate the atmospheric response to warm wintertime sea surface temperature anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE). Mechanism for the sustaining abnormal atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) is revealed. It is found that the warm wintertime SSTA in KE leads to soil moisture changes across the Asia continent. The abnormal soil moisture may possibly be one of the reasons for the sustaining of abnormal atmospheric response intrigued by SSTA. Oscillations of perturbations intrigued by warm wintertime SSTA in KE, which have similar frequencies with that of intrinsic atmospheric oscillations, are superposed on the atmospheric oscillations and propagate with primary periodic oscillation of the atmosphere. These SSTA-intrigued oscillations are coupled with natural atmospheric oscillation and finally become parts of it. This is probably another reason for the sustaining of abnormal atmospheric response to SSTA in KE.     

低纬纬向风年际振荡在太平洋地区的传播

利用ＮＭＣ客观分析８５０ｈＰａ（１９７４．１２－１９８８．２）和２００ｈＰａ（１９６８．３－１９８８．２）平均纬向风资料，对其准两年振荡和准３－４年振荡进行了研究。结果发现：纬向风准两年、准３－４年振荡在热带地区上、下层均一致自西向东传播，但位相相反；在中纬度地区，纬向风准两年、准３－４年振荡上、下层均盛行自西向东传播，且位相一致；西太平洋地区低层纬向风准３－４年振荡均为从南、北半球中纬度地区向赤