浅谈自治区级气象数据集系统的建设

气象科学数据是国家重要的基础性、公益性科学数据资源，是我国历史资料年代长、保存完整的地球信息资源之一。通过收集、整合、集成、标准化和归一化处理的气象数据是气象信息系统中最核心和最基本的组成部分，也是气象信息系统建设和提供气象服务的最重要的内容。根据“中国气象科学数据共享服务网”的总体设计思路和要求，内蒙古气象信息中心，组织科技业务人员，重点围绕数据标准规范、数据集建设和共享平台研制等方面加强全区气象信息共享平台（网站的设计制作、全区气象数据的收集、存储、整编，历史资料、实时资料元数据的编写和共享等工作）的建设。目前，全区气象数据集系统建设已初具规模。     

浅析广西气象科学数据资源建设与共享服务的应用

对广西气象科学数据资源建设与共享服务项目进行了简述,并介绍广西气象科学数据数据集、数据共享策略和共享服务现状等内容,扩大和提升气象科学数据共享服务的共享面和影响力.     

数据恢复在气象中的应用

气象科学数据是国家重要的基础性、公益性科学数据资源,是我国历史年代最长、保存最完整、最系统的地球信息资源之一。随着高性能计算机及大容量硬盘的出现,越来越多的气象数据文件存放于计算机的硬盘内,数据安全就凸显重要。因操作不当以及计算机运行错误所造成的数据丢失和损坏也日益严重。本文就日常所出现的一些数据或文档丢失等情况提出基本的解决方案。     

陕西省气象科学共享数据集的制作及处理

陕西省气象科学数据共享系统是中国气象科学数据共享服务网的区域级和省级物理节点之一,按照中国气象局“气象资料共享管理办法”要求和数据共享策略,通过网络在线和离线方式对社会开展数据共享服务。     

我国气象科学数据发布策略初步研究

气象科学数据发布策略的研究是气象科学数据共享工作有效展开的重要保障.该文在国内外气象科学数据发布政策分析和制订气象科学数据共享发布策略原则的基础上,就气象科学数据发布方式和影响因子从气象科学数据发布方式、气象科学数据发布方式的影响因子、气象科学数据发布模式和发布策略概念模型、气象科学数据共享分类分级、共享用户分级、气象科学数据共享发布技术方式和途径等诸方面简明地介绍了我国气象科学数据发布策略研究的主要观点和意见,使读者对我国气象科学数据发布策略有一个比较全面的了解.     

生态与农业气象基础数据查询系统

1引言生态与农业气象数据作为基础性、公益性数据是国家资源的重要组成部分,对国家宏观决策、防灾减灾、可持续发展和经济建设具有重要的技术支撑作用。如果实现资料共享,将有效发挥数据资源的潜在价值,提高数据资源的使用效益,带动其他领域资料的开放和共享,加速部门信息化和现代化进程,最大限度发挥系统资料的支撑能力。该系统就是立足于生态与农业气象业务、服务的实际需要,在深入分析、整理生态与农业气候资源数据的基础上,以计算机技术和软件为支撑,开发统一数据存储平台,为从事相关工作的人员提供统一标准的数据服务。     

基于虚拟化云网盘的气象数据共享和交换应用实现

从气象数据共享和交换应用的现状和需求、基于虚拟化云网盘的气象数据交换共享应用实现的技术体现和应用部署中,体现应用特点和实施效果:达到提高现有资源的利用效率和可用性,高效实现市级气象资源的动态利用,气象共享和交换数据的集中存储、应用和灾备恢复功能等目的。提供多平台、多手段数据交换共享支持,在对各用户访问权限安全控制的前提下,开辟气象办公、气象数据共享和交换新途径,达到提升市-县气象局间和市级气象局-市防灾减灾决策部门、气象用户间数据交换与共享效率的有效尝试。     

青藏高原地气系统气象科学数据集成和共享

观测资料匮乏是制约青藏高原地球科学问题深入研究的关键因素。中国气象局国家气象信息中心联合中国气象科学研究院、中国科学院青藏高原研究所和西北生态环境资源研究院对近几十年来我国青藏高原区域的地气系统的大气和陆面观测资料及相关分析产品进行了整合集成,获得了高原区域长年代、多要素的地气系统综合气象数据,研发了综合气象数据库及其数据共享平台。本文系统介绍了相关科学数据的观测及数据情况,包括中国气象局长期业务观测数据、历次青藏高原大气科学试验数据、中国科学院部分野外台站长期观测试验数据和一些科学研究项目的产出数据成果,描述了多种数据的标准化集成技术和成果,设计并发布了青藏高原地气系统多源信息共享平台,为研究和解决青藏高原地球科学问题提供宝贵的数据资源。     

浅谈气象科技档案市场

浅谈气象科技档案市场张瑞兰（山西省气象档案馆０３０００６）气象科技档案是气象科学技术的载体，是国家的宝贵财富，是广大气象工作者辛勤劳动的结晶，是气象事业和四化建设的重要信息资源。多年来，由于诸多的原因，使气象科技档案缺乏社会交流，气象科学的潜在价值没...     

气象科学数据共享系统研究综述

"气象科学数据共享试点建设"项目旨在构筑面向全社会的气象信息共享平台,项目对基本气象资料、卫星气象资料和科学考察与试验资料的整合集成、质量控制方法、数据集制作技术、数据分析技术、共享服务平台设计以及数据共享技术标准与业务规范等方面开展了综合研究.在此基础上,项目组研制了一批规范标准的共享数据集产品;初步建立了由国家级和部分试点省组成的分布式气象科学数据共享网络平台;制定了面向数据管理与共享的一些技术标准与规范;并在气象资料公益性共享服务中发挥了很好的作用.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.