基于地基观测的成都彭州气溶胶光学特性研究

利用2017年成都市彭州地区CE318型太阳分光光度计的观测数据,反演了该地区的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)、Angstr?m指数(α)和大气浑浊度(β),分析了AOD与α、β以及可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀、PM_(2. 5))之间的关系。结果表明:AOD表现出冬季>春季>夏季>秋季的季节变化特征,高值主要出现在冬、春季,低值主要出现在夏、秋季。Angstr?m指数在全年的波动不大,月平均值为1. 22±0. 19,低值出现在春季,高值出现在夏季。除了冬季,在其他季节观察到和Angstr?m指数具有相同的月变化趋势。AOD与β之间具有较强的相关性,但与PM₁₀、PM_(2. 5)的正相关关系表现偏弱。该地区气溶胶光学特性受北方沙尘的影响并不明显,但受到人类活动的影响显著,该地区主控态气溶胶是以细粒子为主的城市—工业型气溶胶类型。     

中国3个典型城市气溶胶光学厚度地基观测及其MODIS气溶胶产品精度分析

利用中国太阳分光观测网的观测资料结合MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)的气溶胶产品分析了北京、兰州、上海3个典型区域城市的气溶胶光学特性。结果表明:北京AOD(气溶胶光学厚度)年平均为0.41±0.35,春夏高,秋冬低,Angstrm波长指数α年平均为1.40±0.85表现为细模态粒子,MODIS的光学厚度为0.52±0.39与地面观测相关系数为0.91,存在系统性高估;兰州AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,夏季最低,秋冬较高,α年平均为0.95±0.20表现为粗模态粒子,MODIS光学厚度为0.43±0.21与地面观测相关系数仅为0.07,存在系统性低估;上海AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,无明显季节变化,α平均为1.03±0.25,MODIS光学厚度为0.74±0.30与地面观测相关系数为0.75,存在系统性高估。城市地理位置和复杂地表等原因造成反照率的不确定,MODIS气溶胶产品在这3个城市的反演效果仍有很大提升空间。     

华北香河站一次霾污染事件的综合观测研究

利用激光雷达、太阳光度计、系留气艇低空探测数据及MODIS卫星数据等多源资料,对2007年2月初发生在我国中东部地区的一次大范围霾污染事件进行了综合分析,重点分析了华北香河站垂直向气溶胶光学特性的变化特征,并初步讨论了气溶胶区域输送。分析结果表明:霾污染中心位于大城市、城市群或者盆地等污染物源排放强度大或者地形不利于污染物扩散的地区,形成了6个污染中心;2日霾最严重时,近地面气溶胶消光系数(355nm)达到1.8 km~(-1),是霾发生前的3倍;霾最严重时气溶胶光学厚度(340 nm)为1.4,较前后日的高;随着边界层高度的下降,底层气溶胶快速积累;香河站气溶胶在垂直向存在明显的分层现象,上层600—1000 m高度气溶胶受区域输送的影响,其光学厚度占整层气溶胶的比值能达到43.6%,甚至更高;本次霾过程以细粒子为主;弱高压系统、低至100 m左右的逆温层高度及低风速等气象条件对此次霾的形成起到了重要的作用;而3日出现的大风则很可能是驱散霾的重要因子。     

沙尘和霾气溶胶的物理特征比较

粒子尺度谱和复折射率指数是描述大气气溶胶的基本物理参数,也是遥感大气气溶胶光学厚度的基本假定量,决定了光学厚度遥感的准确程度。本文分析了中国气溶胶遥感网反演的北京周边的沙尘和霾天气下大气气溶胶的体积谱和复折射指数,结果表明:沙尘和霾天气下气溶胶的体积谱均呈现双峰对数正态分布,霾气溶胶粒子体积谱在细模态(0.1～1μm)和粗模态(1～10μm)的占比大体相当,沙尘气溶胶粒子体积谱中粗模态占比远远高于细模态,以粗粒子为主;将实际测量的复折射率同HITRAN 2008数据库中各种类型的气溶胶复折射率光谱数据相比,类沙尘粒子的复折射指数同沙尘气溶胶最为接近,水溶性粒子同霾气溶胶最为接近,在大气气溶胶遥感中如果缺少复折射率的光谱数据,可考虑将类沙尘粒子和水溶性粒子的复折射率光谱数据(0.2～40μm)外推近似代替沙尘和霾气溶胶用于紫外和红外遥感。本研究可为利用紫外光谱和红外光谱定量遥感沙尘和霾气溶胶研究提供参考和依据。     

30年来我国大气气溶胶光学厚度平均分布特征分析

利用北京等46个甲种日射站1961～1990年逐日太阳直接辐射日总量和日照时数等资料,反演了30年来各站逐年、逐月0.75μm大气气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol OpticalDepth,简称AOD)平均值,分析了我国大气气溶胶光学厚度的年、季空间分布特征和年代际之间的变化.结果表明:我国大气气溶胶光学厚度的多年平均分布具有典型的地理特征,除个别大城市外,100°E以东,AOD以四川盆地为大值中心向四周减少;100°E以西,南疆盆地为另一个相对大值中心.气溶胶光学厚度的各季分布具有各自的特征.20世纪60年代,我国大气气溶胶光学厚度的平均分布特征是以四川盆地和南疆盆地为两个大值中心向四周减少;70年代,绝大多数地区AOD值增加,其中从四川盆地到长江中下游地区以及华南沿海等地,AOD增加较为明显,AOD的分布和60年代较相似;到80年代,我国大范围地区AOD继续呈增加趋势,其中长江中下游地区,AOD增加相当明显,气溶胶光学厚度的分布发生了一定的变化.     

太湖地区气溶胶光学特征分析

利用AERONET太湖站2007—2010年大气气溶胶光学特性数据,基于马氏距离聚类分析对太湖地区气溶胶进行分类研究。结果表明,气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)夏季达到最大(1.29),Angstrom波长指数(AE)在秋季达到最大(1.31);单散射反照率(SSA)均值在春季和秋季达到最大(0.92);不对称因子(ASY)均值在夏季达到最大(0.66);气溶胶粒子谱分布呈现双峰分布;太湖地区气溶胶粗模态粒子主要来源于北方的沙尘以及近海海域的海盐颗粒,细模态粒子主要来自人为污染尤其是汽车尾气、工业废气等的排放;吸收性气溶胶光学厚度(AAOD)夏季出现最大值0.11,AE夏季出现最小值1.0,说明该地区气溶胶粒子包含了典型的黑碳气溶胶。太湖地区混合类气溶胶占比最多(54.08%),其次是城市工业类气溶胶(18.95%);不同类型气溶胶占比的季节性差异较明显,秋季混合类型气溶胶占比最大(65.30%),城市工业类型在夏季占比最高(32.07%),春季受到远距离输送的影响,沙尘类占比最高(21.01%)。     

南京气溶胶光学特性地基观测研究

利用2013年南京地区CE318太阳光度计地基观测反演资料,分析了气溶胶光学特性的变化特征,并根据图解法对该地区气溶胶类型分布特征进行研究。结果表明:南京地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)月平均的最大值出现在1月(0.97±0.49),最小值出现在7月(0.53±0.37),全年均值为0.71±0.42。除了3月受沙尘事件影响外,ngstr9m波长指数(α)在全年其余月份值均高于0.8,最大值出现在8月和12月(1.24±0.17);AOD季节平均值在冬季(0.85±0.47)和春季(0.72±0.45)略高于夏季(0.63±0.40)和秋季(0.62±0.36)。α季节平均值特征表现为冬季(1.18±0.16)夏季(1.15±0.32)秋季(1.05±0.33)春季(0.86±0.21);AOD的日变化呈现早晚高,白天比较稳定的特征,冬季呈现出单峰变化特征,峰值出现在13∶00(1.05±0.64);工业型和城市型复合污染导致细粒子污染占比较高,全年AOD和α频率分布呈现明显的单峰分布特征,峰值中心分别位于0.53和1.2,对应最大频率分别为21%和16%;根据α和δα函数图解法得到南京地区AOD高值区(0.7)主要集中在细模态粒子增长部分(1.0α1.4,δα0,η~70%),粒径范围在0.10~0.15μm之间。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠地区气溶胶光学厚度卫星遥感产品验证

基于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区地基太阳光度计数据,系统验证2007～2008年星载多角度成像光谱仪(MISR)、中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)和臭氧监测仪(OMI)气溶胶反演产品,旨在定量评估这些产品在我国沙漠地区的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演精度。结果表明:MODIS/AOD的相关系数在4种产品中最高(0.91),OMI/AOD次之(0.87),其次为MISR/AOD(0.84),OMI/UVAI相关系数偏低(0.51)。MISR/AOD均方根误差(0.14)和平均偏差(-0.06)在4种反演产品中最低。与地基观测相比,MISR/AOD、MODIS/AOD系统偏低,OMI/AOD、OMI/UVAI系统偏高。在相同比较条件下(地基观测气溶胶光学厚度值限定在2.0以内),MISR的均方根误差和平均偏差在4种反演产品中最低,且相关系数也较高(0.84)。尽管存在诸多不同,但3种探测器气溶胶反演产品均能较好地展示该地区的气溶胶季节变化。塔克拉玛干沙漠春、夏季AOD较大,秋、冬季AOD相对较小。ngstrm波长指数的结果表明,春季(3～5月)最小(均值为0.11),夏季(6～8月)次之,秋季(9～11月)和冬季(12月至次年2月)较大(均值达到0.61),这表明在春、夏季气溶胶粒子偏大,秋、冬季气溶胶粒子偏小。此外,通过研究2000～2010年AOD年际变化表明,由于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区属于沙尘源区,气溶胶类型较为单一,所以总体来说,变化趋势不是较为明显。从反演结果来看,2003年的气溶胶含量为此10年中最高,年均值达到0.32;2005年的气溶胶含量在这10年中最低,年均值为0.28。     

中国北方大气气溶胶微物理特性研究

利用AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)榆林、北京、香河、兰州四站点的数据分析中国北方大气气溶胶的光学和物理特性。分析内容包括:气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照率、复折射指数、散射不对称因子、Αngstrom波长指数、气溶胶体积尺度谱分布。分析结果表明:春季光学厚度为四季中最大;沙尘源区的Αngstrom波长指数和光学厚度的关系较为简单,且随光学厚度的增加呈降低趋势,下游地区Αngstrom波长指数和光学厚度关系较为复杂;所有站点的体积谱分布均呈双峰分布,夏半年积聚态为主模态,冬半年粗模态为主控模态;粗粒子的散射不对称因子大于细粒子的。     

Aerosol absorption optical depth of fine-mode mineral dust in eastern China

由气溶胶自动观测网(AERONET)反演的细模态气溶胶的吸收光学厚度(AAOD)通常被认为是黑碳气溶胶的AAOD,并且通过这种方法得到的黑碳AAOD已经被用在计算黑碳辐射强迫的研究中。但是这种方法是基于如下假设:直径小于1μm的细模态气溶胶和直径大于1μm的粗模态气溶胶对光的吸收主要分别归功于黑碳和沙尘。为了定量描述细模态沙尘气溶胶对全部细模态气溶胶的AAOD的贡献,我们利用地球系统交互模式(CESM)模拟了中国东部(104–122°E,29–41°N)细模态沙尘气溶胶的AAOD。其中,我们根据9个中国气象局大气观测网(CAWNET)站点观测的细模态沙尘地表浓度调整了模拟的细模态沙尘气溶胶的浓度。结果显示,模拟的中国东部年平均细模态沙尘气溶胶的AAOD的值为3.6×10-3,其中AAOD的最大和最小值分别出现在春季和冬季。细模态沙尘气溶胶对总的细模态气溶胶(细模态沙尘、黑碳和有机碳气溶胶的总和)的AAOD的贡献在春季、夏季、秋季和冬季分别为3.4%、25.2%、12.5%和14.9%,其年平均值为15.1%。这些结果显示当利用AERONET反演得到的细模态气溶胶的AAOD来计算中国东部BC气溶胶的辐射强迫时,去除细模态沙尘粒子的影响显得尤为重要。     

Optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode over the North China Plain in December 2016

The optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode from 15 to 22 December 2016 over Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo in the North China Plain were analyzed based on the ground-based and satellite data, meteorological observations, and atmospheric environmental monitoring data. The aerosol optical depth at 500 nm was < 0.30 and increased to > 1.4 as the haze pollution developed. The Ångström exponent was > 0.80 for most of the study period. The daily single-scattering albedo was > 0.85 over all of the North China Plain on the most polluted days and was > 0.97 on some particular days. The volumes of fine and coarse mode particles during the haze event were approximately 0.05–0.21 and 0.01–0.43 μm³, respectively—that is, larger than those in the time without haze. The daily absorption aerosol optical depth was about 0.01–0.11 in Beijing, 0.01–0.13 in Shijiazhuang, and 0.01–0.04 in Jiaozuo, and the average absorption Ångström exponent varied between 0.6 and 2.0. The aerosol radiative forcing at the bottom of the atmosphere varied from –23 to –227,–34 to –199, and –29 to –191 W m^–2 for the whole haze period, while the aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere varied from –4 to –98, –10 to –51, and –21 to –143 W m^–2 in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo, respectively. Satellite observations showed that smoke, polluted dust, and polluted continental components of aerosols may aggravate air pollution during haze episodes. The analysis of the potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory showed that the contribution from local emissions and pollutants transport from upstream areas were 190–450 and 100–410 μg m^–3, respectively.     

Satellite and ground-based remote sensing of aerosols during intense haze event of October 2013 over lahore,Pakistan

Due to increase in population and economic development, the mega-cities are facing increased haze events which are causing important effects on the regional environment and climate. In order to understand these effects, we require an in-depth knowledge of optical and physical properties of aerosols in intense haze conditions. In this paper an effort has been made to analyze the microphysical and optical properties of aerosols during intense haze event over mega-city of Lahore by using remote sensing data obtained from satellites (Terra/Aqua Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)) and ground based instrument (AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET)) during 6-14 October 2013. The instantaneous highest value of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is observed to be 3.70 on 9 October 2013 followed by 3.12 on 8 October 2013. The primary cause of such high values is large scale crop residue burning and urban-industrial emissions in the study region. AERONET observations show daily mean AOD of 2.36 which is eight times higher than the observed values on normal day. The observed fine mode volume concentration is more than 1.5 times greater than the coarse mode volume concentration on the high aerosol burden day. We also find high values (~0.95) of Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) on 9 October 2013. Scatter-plot between AOD (500 nm) and Angstrom exponent (440-870 nm) reveals that biomass burning/urban-industrial aerosols are the dominant aerosol type on the heavy aerosol loading day over Lahore. MODIS fire activity image suggests that the areas in the southeast of Lahore across the border with India are dominated by biomass burning activities. A Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model backward trajectory showed that the winds at 1000 m above the ground are responsible for transport from southeast region of biomass burning to Lahore. CALIPSO derived sub-types of aerosols with vertical profile taken on 10 October 2013 segregates the wide spread aerosol burden as smoke, polluted continental and dust aerosols.     

Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai

A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar.There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions.Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50km^-1 on haze days.In contrast,aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients(0.20 0.35 km^-1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days.The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth（AOD） for both haze and floating dust cases were similar greatest in winter,smaller in spring,and smallest in autumn.More than 85%of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather.The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon,and at nightfall,respectively.The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather.Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up,but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface.The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze.The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather.     

Identification of Aerosol Types and Their Optical Properties in the North China Plain Based on Long-Term AERONET Data

Characterization of aerosols is required to reduce uncertainties in satellite retrievals of global aerosols and for modeling the effects of these aerosols on climate.Aerosols in the North China Plain(NCP) are complex,which provides a good opportunity to study key aerosol optical properties for various aerosol types.A cluster analysis of key optical properties obtained from Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET) data in Beijing and Xianghe during 2001-11 was performed to identify dominant aerosol types and their associated optical properties.Five dominant aerosol types were identified.The results show that the urban/industrial aerosol of moderate absorption was dominant in the region and that this type varied little with season.Urban/industrial aerosol of weak absorption was the next most common type and mainly occurs in summer,followed by that strong aerosols occurring mainly in winter.All were predominantly fine mode particles.Mineral dust(MD) and polluted dust(PD) occurred mainly in spring,followed by winter,and their absorption decreased with wavelength.In addition,aerosol dynamics and optical parameters such as refractive index and asymmetry factor were examined.Results show that the size of coarse mode particles decreased with AOD indicating the domination of external mixing between aerosols.     

Optical Properties and Source Analysis of Aerosols over a Desert Area in Dunhuang,Northwest China

Aerosol observational data for 2012 obtained from Dunhuang Station of CARE-China(Campaign on Atmospheric Aerosol Research Network of China) were analyzed to achieve in-depth knowledge of aerosol optical properties over Dunhuang region. The results showed that the annual average aerosol optical depth(AOD) at 500 nm was 0.32 ± 0.06, and the ?ngstr?m exponent(α) was 0.73 ± 0.27. Aerosol optical properties revealed significant seasonal characteristics. Frequent sandstorms in MAM(March–April–May) resulted in the seasonal maximum AOD, 0.41 ± 0.04, and a relatively smaller αvalue, 0.44 ± 0.04. The tourism seasons, JJA(June–July–August) and SON(September–October–November) coincide with serious emissions of small anthropogenic aerosols. While in DJF(December–January–February), the composition of the atmosphere was a mixture of dust particles and polluted aerosols released by domestic heating; the average AOD and αwere 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.66 ± 0.17, respectively. Different air masses exhibited different degrees of influence on the aerosol concentration over Dunhuang in different seasons. During MAM, ranges of AOD(0.11–1.18) and α(0.06–0.82) were the largest under the dust influence of northwest-short-distance air mass in the four trajectories. Urban aerosols transported by northwest-short-distance air mass accounted for a very large proportion in JJA and the mixed aerosols observed in SON were mainly conveyed by air masses from the west. In DJF, the similar ranges of AOD and α under the three air mass demonstrated the analogous diffusion effects on regional pollutants over Dunhuang.     

东亚冬季风异常对区域气溶胶分布的影响

气溶胶已是东亚地区最主要的大气污染物之一,其时空分布会受到东亚季风气候的影响。利用2000～2014年MODIS/AOD（Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Aerosol Optical Depth）和NCEP月平均气象场再分析资料,本研究分析了东亚冬季风长期变化趋势、气溶胶年际变化规律,探讨了东亚冬季风强度变化对气溶胶分布的影响。基于MODIS/AOD,发现近10年东亚地区冬季AOD呈现上升趋势,最大值为2007年的0.44,高值区覆盖四川盆地、华北平原及长江中下游大部分地区。风场特征类冬季风指数分析表明,东亚冬季风存在明显的年际和年代际差异,近年出现逐渐减弱的趋势。强冬季风年,海陆气压差增大、东亚大槽加深增强,东亚地区偏北风异常,风场的增强将引导更多冷空气南下,从而给东亚大部分地区带来明显的降温天气;弱年相反。气象场差异引起气溶胶分布变化,强年较强的偏北风将气溶胶向南方输送,东亚地区AOD出现“北低南高”的空间分布;弱年偏北风较弱,导致气溶胶集中在华北平原一带,AOD出现“北高南低”的空间分布。     

基于卫星遥感和地面观测资料的汾渭平原一次空气污染过程分析

利用MODIS和CALIPSO卫星资料、地面空气质量监测资料和地面气象要素资料,分析了汾渭平原2018年11月26日—12月3日持续性的重空气污染过程的形成、特征及污染物的可能来源。结果表明:此次污染过程中汾渭平原以中度以上污染为主,首要污染物为PM2.5和PM10;11个代表城市在11月20日—12月7日期间AQI连续超过100的天数除吕梁外均达到或超过10 d,西安、咸阳和渭南污染持续天数和严重污染天数均最多;污染发生时,地面至3 km以内的AOD与总AOD柱的比值为81%,沙漠沙尘和污染沙尘气溶胶出现频率最高,分别为60.18%和25.72%;26日12时BT左右沙尘自西向东传输,受秦岭的阻挡作用,同时低层以偏东风或者静风为主,大气静稳,无明显冷空气活动和降水产生,静稳和高湿的天气持续以及偏东风的阻挡和传输使得该次过程以沙尘和霾混合为主。     

秸秆燃烧对北京秋季气溶胶浓度和短波辐射影响的模拟研究

利用地面细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度和气象常规观测资料、地基 AERONET观测资料、GFED生物质燃烧排放清单和大气化学—天气耦合模式WRF-Chem,模拟研究了华北地区2014年10月气象要素和大气污染物的时空演变,重点关注北京10月7～11日的一次重霾事件及其天气形势、边界层气象特征、输送路径、PM2.5及其化学成分浓度变化等特征,以及秸秆燃烧对华北和北京地区细颗粒物浓度和地面短波辐射的影响。与观测资料的对比结果显示,模式可以很好地模拟北京地区地面气象要素和PM2.5质量浓度,考虑秸秆燃烧排放源可以明显改进北京PM2.5浓度模拟的准确性,但在重度污染情况下,模式总体上低估气溶胶光学厚度和高估地面短波辐射。10月7～11日北京地区重霾事件主要是不利气象条件下人为污染物累积和区域输送造成,也受到华北地区南部秸秆燃烧的影响。河南北部、河北南部和山东西部大面积秸秆燃烧释放的气态污染物和颗粒物在南风的作用下输送至北京,秸秆燃烧对北京地区地面PM2.5、有机碳（OC）、硝酸盐、铵盐、硫酸盐和黑碳（BC）的平均贡献率分别为24.6%、36.8%、23.2%、22.6%、7.1%和19.8%,秸秆燃烧产生的气溶胶可以导致北京地面平均短波辐射最大减小超过20 W m－2,约占总气溶胶导致地表短波辐射变化的24%。     

汾渭平原一次沙尘和人为混合空气污染过程分析

利用MODIS、OMI和CALIPSO卫星资料,结合地面环境监测数据、气象观测数据和后向轨迹模式（Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model,HYSPLIT）,对汾渭平原2018年11月23日至12月6日沙尘和人为混合空气污染过程进行分析。结果表明：11月26日至12月3日为污染最重时段,其中12月1日为霾最重时段,11月26日夜间和12月2日夜间为沙尘影响最重时段;西安、临汾和洛阳重污染持续时长分别为66 h、42 h和37 h;污染过程累计持续336 h,其中199 h的相对湿度超过50%,沙尘期间,相对湿度较小;霾过程中,西安以本地积累和西南、东北方向的外来传输作用为主,临汾以本地积累为主,洛阳以东北方向的外来传输作用为主;西安、洛阳沙尘传输方向分别为西南和西北方向,临汾受沙尘传输影响较小。霾天气时,气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）高值空间分布受地形影响较大,吸收性气溶胶指数（AAI）较低,集中在距地面1.5 km高度内污染物最多,低层以污染沙尘为主;沙尘天气时,AOD和AAI值很高,分别可达2.0和4.5以上,集中在边界层内污染物最少,低层以沙漠沙尘为主;霾沙混合天气时集中在边界层内污染物居中,低层以沙漠沙尘和污染沙尘为主。HYSPLIT显示,前一次沙尘来源于新疆,传输距离更远,高度更高,速度更快,后一次沙尘来源于内蒙古西部,在汾渭平原造成污染更重。     

2006年中国地区大气气溶胶浓度分布特征的模拟研究

结合2006年最新的气溶胶排放源资料,以NCEP/NCAR再分析资料为气象场,驱动大气化学传输模式MATCH（Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry）,模拟了2006年中国地区硫酸盐、黑碳和沙尘气溶胶的质量浓度分布及其季节变化。模拟的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）结果与CSHNET观测网数据比较分析后发现,基于21个观测站的61组月平均数据与相应模拟结果的相关系数为0.63。模拟结果表明：2006年中国地区硫酸盐气溶胶高值区主要分布在中国的四川盆地、华北及长江流域等工业较发达地区,而且具有明显的季节变化,四川盆地及长江以南地区,硫酸盐气溶胶1月份浓度高于7月份,长江以北的大部分地区,7月份浓度高于1月份;黑碳气溶胶主要分布在黄河、长江中下游地区及华南等地区,1月份浓度高于7月份;沙尘气溶胶主要分布在内蒙古中部沙漠地区,4月份浓度最高,7月份次之,其他月份较少。