恢复力—摩擦基底隔震结构的地震可靠性分析

本文建立了恢复力-摩擦基底隔震结构在地震作用下的运动微分方程。地震地面运动被模拟成随机过程。利用等效线性化方法,获得了这种基底隔震结构在地震作用下的均方位移和均方速度反应。根据最大位侈反应的概率分布函数,求得了这种基底隔震结构和与它相应的基底固定结构在给定地震作用下的破坏概率。计算结果表明,这种基底隔震结构在地震作用下有较高的可靠性。     

摩擦基底隔震刚性结构滑移反应谱的确定

将地震地面运动模拟成均值为零的两次过滤Ｇａｕｓｓ白噪声过程,使用等效线性化方法获得了摩擦基底隔震刚性结构在地震作用下的均方滑动位移和速度反应。然后,给出了这种结构的最大滑移反应的均值和标准差,并给出了这种结构的滑移反应谱。     

刚性结构基础隔震随机地震响应及优化分析

运用随机振动的时域复模态分析方法，对刚性结构房屋基础隔震体系在平稳随机地震激励下的响应进行了分析，得出隔震结构体系的地震反应统计特征。在此基础上，结合基础隔震结构均方响应和地震激励均方值之比与频率比、阻尼比的关系曲线以及基于失效概率下位移限值与频率比、阻尼比的关系曲线，提出采用图解法确定隔震装置合理优化的参数取值。     

基础隔震单层偏心结构扭转地震反应分析

采用微分型滞回恢复力模型模拟隔震支座的恢复力特性，对基础隔震单层偏心结构的扭转地震反应进行分析，研究隔震系统偏心距和上部结构偏心距对结构扭转反应的影响。结果表明，采用隔震技术可以显著降低隔震结构的扭转地震反应。     

近断层地震动作用下LRB隔震储罐地震反应特征研究

采用Bouc-Wen模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)非线性力学性能,建立LRB基础隔震储罐地震反应的数值模型.利用叠加原理得到人工合成近断层脉冲型地震动,从实际典型近断层地震动和人工近断层脉冲地震动输入两个角度出发,以远场地震反应为参照,系统探讨了近断层地震动作用下LRB隔震储罐地震反应特点以及近断层地震动运动特征的影响规律.研究发现,近断层地震动作用下LRB隔震储罐地震反应明显大于远场地震反应值,显著的近断层脉冲效应是隔震储罐设计不容忽视的问题.近断层地震动的PGV/PGA值是决定隔震储罐地震反应的综合指标,PGV/PGA值较大时,隔震储罐地震反应脉冲效应突出.另外,脉冲周期、脉冲参与系数以及脉冲类型也是影响LRB隔震储罐地震反应的重要因素.在脉冲参与系数越大、含有脉冲数量越多的近断层地震动作用下,隔震储罐地震反应越强烈.当脉冲周期接近储罐晃动周期时,晃动波高会出现峰值.     

地震时序谱的涨落统计特征与地震活跃期

１．地震涨落谱隐含着丰富的统计信息广义地说来，被研究系统中发生的一切事件的特征系列数据，都可直接或间接地纳入谱学的范畴加以分析，以揭示其决定性动态特征及统计特征。地震活动之震级谱与能谱之间存在着明显的类似性；地震时序谱也可形式上归入这个范畴，用谱统计方法剖析其蕴含的统计信息。一般而论，原始谱系的结构属于决定性规律，而原始谱对相应的平均谱之偏差的涨落谱的结构则反映了谱系的统计特征，可作为从统计的层次上揭示相应事件发生的规律提供参考和借鉴。研究表明，地震发生时序谱的涨落统计特征，比其分维结构特征更能本质地反应出蕴震过程中地震活动的平静与活跃，并有可能决定其转变期。２．地震时序数据谱系涨落的统计特征我们以安宁河地震断裂带在１９７０年—１９８７年期间内大于２．０级地震的时序记录为例，首先建立了地震时序谱的涨落展示法（Ｆｌｕｃｔｕａｔｉｏｎｕｎｆｏｌｄ）；同时进一步通过引入地震分维函数（ＦｒａｃｔａｌＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ）建立了确定地震时序涨落谱最小邻间距分布（ＮＮＳ）的方法论。该分布函数之类型在一定程度上可反映出地震带蕴震活性。大量计算结果表明，安宁河地震断裂带北段中小地震时序涨落谱的ＮＮＳ分布为典型的Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ型     

多层建筑结构水平剪扭-竖向地震反应的智能复合隔震控制

本文在提出了“碟形弹簧-橡胶隔震垫”和MR阻尼器组合而成的智能复合隔震系统的基础上，建立了智能复合隔震系统对多层建筑结构“水平剪扭-竖向”地震反应控制的设计计算方法。提出了智能复合隔震系统对建筑结构水平地震反应的模糊半主动控制策略和对建筑结构竖向地震反应的被动控制方法。以一个五层框架结构为例进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明，本文提出的智能复合隔震系统是一种十分简单和有效的隔震系统。它可克服建筑结构常规隔震系统的两个主要缺点，有效地抑制多层建筑结构的多维地震反应。     

近断层脉冲型地震动作用下隔震结构地震反应分析

隔震结构在远震场地减震效果良好，但是近断层地震动的明显的长周期速度和位移脉冲运动可能对隔震建筑等长周期结构的抗震性能和设计带来不利影响，需要深入探讨。本文首先讨论近断层地震动的长周期脉冲运动特征，然后以台湾集集地震8条典型近震记录和其它4条常用近震记录以及4条远震记录作为地震动输入，对两幢安装铅芯橡胶隔震支座的钢筋混凝土框架隔震结构进行非线性地震反应时程分析，通过比较探讨了算例计算结果，定量说明隔震结构的近震脉冲效应显著，是隔震设计不容忽视的问题。     

连续梁桥减震、隔震体系非线性地震反应分析

本文采用微分型滞回恢复力模式代表桥梁减震,隔震支座的滞回,耗能特性,结合Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ法和四阶Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ法编制了桥梁减震,隔震体系非线性地震反应分析程序,并利用程序结合算例分析了减震,隔震支座对连续梁桥的减震效果。     

组合基础隔震结构双向地震反应分析

本文采用双向耦合恢复力模型模拟组合隔震系统中隔震支座的双向耦合效应,对组合基础隔震结构进行了单向和双向地震反应对比分析,分析表明在水平双向地震作用下结构各层的加速度反应较小,隔震层的层间位移较大,而上部结构的层间位移较小,并且在水平双向地震作用下,支座的最大位移明显大于单向地震作用时支座的最大位移,因而应考虑水平双向地震作用对组合基础隔震结构地震反应和隔震支座性能的影响。     

隔震减震主次结构体系非线性随机地震反应分析

为研究隔震、减震装置非线性恢复力特性对2自由度主次结构体系均方根位移反应的影响规律,以隔震、减震装置微分型恢复力模式的滞回参数为变量,地震地面运动模拟成高斯白噪声过程,利用等效线性化方法得到主体结构和二次结构均方根位移反应的表达式.分析表明,主体结构隔震装置非线性恢复力特征对主、次结构的均方根位移反应的影响占主导地位;隔震、减震装置的恢复力特征产生适度非线性有利于减小主、次结构的均方根位移反应.     

陇东黄土高原地区建筑抗震设防参数研究

通过对陇东黄土高原区地质构造环境、历史地震影响与破坏特征、概率地震危险性计算等几方面的研究,对该区地震动参数特征进行了分析,研究了该区黄土场地及地形地貌对地震动参数的放大效应与分区特征.研究表明,陇东黄土高原地区的地震影响主要来自中远距离的大震,地震动持续时间长,长周期部分相对丰富,黄土场地及地形对地震动具有明显的放大效应,地震动参数具有明显的地貌分区特性.最后对比地震动参数区划图给出了陇东黄土高原地区建筑抗震设防参数的一些建议,认为在抗震设防参数取值中适当提高特征周期,对峰值加速度则按地貌分区取值.     

Generation of critical stochastic earthquakes

A stochastic critical excitation is defined as that excitation with a given variance that maximizes the variance in the dynamic response of a system. A non-stationary filtered shot noise is used to develop a stochastic critical excitation model of an earthquake ground motion process, and the response statistics for a linear system are determined in both time and frequency domains. The sensitivity of response to several assumed earthquake pulse arrival rate functions is examined. Responses to recorded strong ground motion and to stochastic critical excitations with the same total energy are compared to assess the degree of conservatism in the procedure. An application of the procedure to seismic qualification of equipment is presented.     

基于小波变换的层间隔震结构地震响应分析

利用小波多分辨率分析将地震动加速度分解为多频段小波分量,并运用复模态方法推导其计算层间隔震体系在地震作用下的动力响应公式,讨论各频段地震信号及结构响应的能量分配。同时利用小波时频工具分析地震动能量在时频域内的分布对层间隔震结构响应的影响,进而为考察地震动非平稳性对层间隔震结构非线性分析的影响提供方法。利用小波分析的以上优势,对一典型层间隔震结构分别进行弹性和弹塑性分析,结果表明弹性体系在地震作用下的响应可由该地震波各小波分量的响应叠加而得,地震动能量在时间上的集中会对层间隔震结构响应产生不利影响。     

Prediction of response spectra via real-time earthquake measurements

The development and implementation of an earthquake early warning system (EEWS), both in regional or on-site configurations can help to mitigate the losses due to the occurrence of moderate-to-large earthquakes in densely populated and/or industrialized areas. The capability of an EEWS to provide real-time estimates of source parameters (location and magnitude) can be used to take some countermeasures during the earthquake occurrence and before the arriving of the most destructive waves at the site of interest. However, some critical issues are peculiar of EEWS and need further investigation: (1) the uncertainties on earthquake magnitude and location estimates based on the measurements of some observed quantities in the very early portion of the recorded signals; (2) the selection of the most appropriate parameter to be used to predict the ground motion amplitude both in near- and far-source ranges; (3) the use of the estimates provided by the EEWS for structural engineering and risk mitigation applications.In the present study, the issues above are discussed using the Campania–Lucania region (Southern Apennines) in Italy, as test-site area. In this region a prototype system for earthquake early warning, and more generally for seismic alert management, is under development. The system is based on a dense, wide dynamic accelerometric network deployed in the area where the moderate-to-large earthquake causative fault systems are located.The uncertainty analysis is performed through a real-time probabilistic seismic hazard analysis by using two different approaches. The first is the Bayesian approach that implicitly integrate both the time evolving estimate of earthquake parameters, the probability density functions and the variability of ground motion propagation providing the most complete information. The second is a classical point estimate approach which does not account for the probability density function of the magnitude and only uses the average of the estimates performed at each seismic station.Both the approaches are applied to two main towns located in the area of interest, Napoli and Avellino, for which a missed and false alarm analysis is presented by means of a scenario earthquake: an M 7.0 seismic event located at the centre of the seismic network.Concerning the ground motion prediction, attention is focused on the response spectra as the most appropriate function to characterize the ground motion for earthquake engineering applications of EEWS.     

准实时地震灾情综合评估系统的研发

震后如何快速获取灾区震情信息、准确评估地震灾情,是震后应急救援的关键问题。本研究从县市地震灾害应急救援需求出发,开发了准实时地震灾情综合评估系统,基于MEMS强震台网的强震观测数据、县域承灾体基础数据和手机终端获取的震后地震现场实时灾情信息,综合采用承灾体地震易损性分析方法和灾情动态修正算法,实现了县市地震灾区灾情准实时评估,为灾区地震应急指挥、救援和辅助决策提供科学依据。     

Application of an earthquake early warning system and a real-time strong motion monitoring system in emergency response in a high-rise building

We apply a combination of earthquake early warning system (EEWS) and real-time strong motion monitoring system (RSMS) to emergency response for a high-rise building; The Kogakuin University has a 29-story high-rise building in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo. The proposed strategy is based on the Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) Cycle to brush up the systems and the users: in the “Plan” stage, we apply EEWS and RSMS to the building, where EEWS predicts not only short-period strong ground motions but also long-period ground motions [1]. The system is built into a building announcement system, an emergency elevator control system, and an email message system, which quickly send emails to the emergency response team. Meanwhile, RSMS provides information on seismic intensities at each floor of the building via the web browser in real time using the existing network in the building. In addition, the building response and structural damage can be estimated based on this information. The network system is impervious to the earthquake damage, because the network cable has extra length, there is, however, possible that a network system does not work due to power outage. Thus, we develop the network system that has uninterruptible power-supply system (UPS) and apply it to EEWS and RSMS. The high-rise building has the emergency call units to the security control center in the building on every floor. The emergency call line, however, will be busy promptly, because it is able to use only one line. Therefore, we installed IP telephone which uses the network system on main floors. UPS will work about 30 min after a major earthquake, it is supposed to be enough time for gathering the damage information about the building during initial response. In the “Do” stage, we prepare emergency response instruction manuals and educate the faculty members and students to carry out promptly emergency response. In the “Check” stage, the validity of the proposed systems are verified by carrying out an earthquake drill in an actual high-rise building. The earthquake drill confirmed that our proposed approach is valid. In the final “Action” stage, we improve these systems and emergency response manual and educate people in the building how to use effectively these systems.     

基于格网的全国尺度地震灾害损失预测系统设计与实现

空间格网数据相比于矢量数据具有运算速度快、处理简单的特点,适合地震灾害损失震前预测或震后快速评估。但地震损失评估涉及地震危险性及人口、房屋建筑及其地震易损性等不同类型数据在全国范围内的千米格网分布,数据量大,数据变化时形成新的格网数据的工作量较大,使用常规震害预测算法会影响评估效率。依据地震损失评估原理,采取前置确定性损失评估策略和算法优化,结合GIS功能设计并编程实现了具有风险评估相关数据千米格网化处理、地震损失预测与震后快速评估等核心功能的软件系统。利用该系统进行了2016～2025年中国大陆千米格网地震损失预测,结果表明评估效率显著提高,该系统为我国新一代地震重点监视防御区的确定提供了实用化的震害损失预测工具,同时,在地震损失快速评估中亦得到较好应用。     

Earthquake parameters affecting the performance of an RC frame with friction damper

In this paper, correlation between the ground motion parameters and the peak displacement demand of a reinforced concrete single degree of freedom system retrofitted by friction dampers is investigated. The aim is to reveal the best parameters that are used in selecting earthquake records for nonlinear dynamic analysis of the system. Performing numerous nonlinear time history analyses, it is observed that different earthquake parameters play role in peak displacement demand related to the ranges formed by the different periods of a reinforced concrete frame, the strength ratio of total system at slip displacement and the stiff/soft soil profiles. For the both soil types, out of sixteen ground motion parameters, the eight, Spectral Response Acceleration, Peak Ground Acceleration, Effective Peak Acceleration, Maximum Incremental Velocity, Peak Ground Velocity, Arias Intensity, Arias Intensity-based Parameter and Effective Peak Velocity correlate better with peak displacement demand.     

Analytical earthquake response of 1D hybrid base isolation systems

The work presents several dynamic analyses of an actual base isolation system previously identified by using a non-linear 1D model and full scale free vibration tests. After a short introduction to the building and the base isolation system considered, reference is made to previous studies where the model used was developed. The analytical model, originally derived for free vibration analyses and system identification applications, is extended in the present paper to earthquake response simulations. First a theoretical harmonic ground motion is considered, in order to identify resonance conditions for the system and stress how these should be avoided in actual design, by carefully studying the seismological and site conditions. The response of the system to a nearly harmonic natural ground motion is then predicted. Next the performance of the system under several significant ground motions from the Friuli 1976, Irpinia 1980 and L'Aquila 2009 earthquakes is considered, and the reasons for its satisfactory or unsatisfactory behaviour are pointed out and explained. Means for correcting unsatisfactory performances are also suggested and discussed. The behaviour of the system under near fault records from the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake is then considered, the conditions leading to the maximum demands are highlighted and the reasons behind them are clearly explained. Finally the 1D model presented is used to predict the 2D response to 2D ground motions.