2019年长宁M_S 6.0地震前后电离层垂直电子总含量（VTEC）异常扰动分析

2019长宁发生M_S 6.0地震,利用CODE全球电离层格网数据、中国地壳运动观测网络GPS数据、震中区域GPS数据,分别计算全球、中国区域垂直电子总含量(VTEC)异常分布及震中区域站点VTEC时间序列,揭示此次地震发生前后不同空间尺度电离层异常扰动变化。结果表明:地震发生前3天(6月14日),长宁震区上空出现连续电离层异常扰动现象,异常空间分布呈现向磁赤道偏移趋势。VTEC结果的时、空尺度变化反映,本次电离层扰动可能与长宁地震孕震过程有关,可为川滇区域临震电离层异常扰动监测及地震分析预报提供震例依据。     

芦山M_S7.0地震前后电离层电子含量扰动分析

基于IGS提供的GIM数据和陆态网测站数据,采用统计学分析法对芦山MS7.0地震前后各10天的垂直总电子含量(VTEC)进行统计分析.结果显示,4月16—21日出现明显的VTEC异常减少.因此,在排除太阳活动因素后,认为电离层的异常变化有可能是地震发生的前兆信息.     

川滇地区电离层多参量异常监测系统的设计与实现

介绍了川滇地区电离层多参量异常监测系统的设计思路与功能实现,并将该系统应用于2019年6月17日四川长宁M_S6.0地震的监测试验。结果表明:该系统实现了全球和中国区域垂直总电子含量VTEC、站点VTEC和F₂层临界频率f_oF₂异常变化的实时监测,有助于开展示范性地震电离层异常监测工作,其图形及数据结果可为地震-电离层异常扰动判识提供佐证,为川滇地区地震监测预报提供电离层前兆信息支持。      

汶川Ms8.0地震前电离层VTEC的异常变化

利用地基GPS观测资料反演的垂直电子总含量（VTEC）,本文考察了2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0地震期间的电离层变化.在考察过程中,以前10天的VTEC均值和伴随的2倍标准偏差作为参考来识别电离层异常.最终的考察分析结果表明：（1）VTEC的异常增加出现在5月3日和5月9日,而VTEC的异常减小出现在4月29日和5月6日;（2）所有这4天的电离层VTEC异常持续时间均超过了4 h,且异常自东向西漂移;（3）相对于电离层的非扰动状态,在5次电离层异常的峰值时刻,震中附近VTEC增加或减小超过30％的空间区域沿经、纬向分别超过了4000 km和1500 km.鉴于地震期间的日－地空间环境和电离层VTEC异常特征,我们认为,5月3日下午和5月9日的VTEC正异常可能是本次汶川地震的电离层前兆.     

汶川M_s8.0地震前电离层VTEC的异常变化

利用地基GPS观测资料反演的垂直电子总含量(VTEC),本文考察了2008年5月12日汶川M_s8.0地震期间的电离层变化.在考察过程中,以前10天的VTEC均值和伴随的2倍标准偏差作为参考来识别电离层异常.最终的考察分析结果表明:(1)VTEC的异常增加出现在5月3日和5月9日,而VTEC的异常减小出现在4月29日和5月6日;(2)所有这4天的电离层VTEC异常持续时间均超过了4 h,且异常自东向西漂移;(3)相对于电离层的非扰动状态,在5次电离层异常的峰值时刻,震中附近VTEC增加或减小超过30%的空间区域沿经、纬向分别超过了4000 km和1500 km.鉴于地震期间的日-地空间环境和电离层VTEC异常特征,我们认为,5月3日下午和5月9日的VTEC正异常可能是本次汶川地震的电离层前兆.     

电离层VTEC异常分布产出系统设计与实现

基于C/S架构,采用C#、MySQL、ArcGIS等技术设计开发电离层VTEC异常分布产出系统,通过手动和自动模式快速产出全球VTEC、中国区域VTEC异常分布、空间环境参数及中国区域格网点VTEC时序曲线.系统实时监测全球VTEC、中国区域VTEC异常扰动变化,可测试地震—电离层监测在中国区域的应用效能,尝试为地震监测预报提供电离层前兆信息.     

2009年7月22日日全食期间湖北沙洋地区电离层扰动分析

发生在2009年7月22日亚太地区的日全食,为人们研究电离层扰动提供了一次难得的机会.基于沙洋地区采集的高频(1 Hz)GPS数据,通过对日食当天与前后几天电离层VTEC(Vertical Total Electron Content)的变化分析,结果显示日食期间电离层VTEC含量均呈现出一种先下降再上升的“水槽”变化趋势,且VTEC下降达到2～5 TECU,下降幅度达33.1％,VTEC的最小值与食甚时刻延迟为25.2～147.6 s.在日全食后期有中等强度的磁暴发生,与日食相互重合叠加共同对电离层VTEC变化造成影响,使得VTEC变化明显异于前后几天,最后定量的分析了磁暴对VTEC的影响.     

日本M_S9.0地震前VTEC异常扰动分析

基于GPS观测资料获取的电离层VTEC数据,采用kalman滤波法针对2011年3月11日日本本州海域附近MS9.0地震前后的电离层VTEC变化进行了异常检测。检测结果表明,震前第3天和第6天的VTEC均存在异常增大现象,异常区域在震中以南且偏向于赤道方向,并伴随自东向西漂移的过程。综合考虑太阳和地磁活动水平认为,震前第3天与第6天的电离层异常可能与本次地震活动有关。     

日本Mw9.0地震前电离层异常初步分析

2011年3月11日日本东北海域发生了9.0级大地震.根据国际GPS服务和日本国土地理院公布的GPS连续观测数据,得到地震前20天震区附近上空的电离层垂直总电子含量(Vertical Total Electron Content,VTEC)的时间序列,并利用滑动四分位法(前15天滑动)分析电离层异常.同时采集COSMI...     

大震前后电离层的扰动

本文主要分析、讨论了大震前后电离层峰以下的总电子含量、200km 高度处电子浓度以及最大电子浓度所在高度等几个主要电离层参数的变化.对其他电离层直观形态的变化也进行了初步分析.作者认为,地震前的电离层扰动是存在的,并提出了一些可能与地震有关的定性的指标.      

华南地区电离层在汶川地震前VTEC异常的研究

基于华南地区GPS监测网数据．解算出华南地区电离层VTEC在汶川地震前出现的异常。从时间序列和空间等值线分布两方面分析了VTEC的变化．时间序列分析表明5月4日至5月12日电离层VTEC负异常扰动明显．5月4日至5月13日的空间分布也表明了同样的结论,并同时指出负异常有向低纬度区域漂移的趋势。并对异常判断依据和机理作了初步的讨论．     

Analysis of ionospheric vertical total electron content before the 1 April 2014 Mw 8.2 Chile earthquake

This paper studies ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) variations before the 1 April 2014 Mw 8.2 Chile earthquake. VTEC derived from 14 global positioning system (GPS) stations and global ionospheric map (GIM) were used to analyze ionospheric variations before the earthquake using the sliding interquartile range method, and the results showed that significant positive VTEC anomalies occurred on 28 March. To explore possible causes of these anomalies, effects of solar and geomagnetic activities were examined, and VTEC variations during 17 March to 31 March in 2009–2013 were cross-compared. Also, VTEC for a full year before the earthquake was investigated. The results indicated that the anomalies were weakly associated with high solar activities and geomagnetic storms and that the anomalies were not normal seasonal and diurnal variations. An analysis of the spatial distribution of the observed anomalies was also presented, and it demonstrated that the anomalies specifically appeared around the epicenter on 28 March. We suggest that the observed anomalies may be associated with the subsequent Chile earthquake. Equatorial anomaly variations were analyzed to discuss the possible physical mechanism, and results showed that the equatorial anomaly unusually increased on 28 March, which indicates that anomalous electric fields generated in the earthquake preparation area and the meridional wind are possible causes of the observed ionospheric anomalies.     

Ionospheric anomalies detected by ground-based GPS before the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, China

In this paper, we used the vertical total electron content (VTEC) derived from ground-based GPS observations to examine the ionospheric variations during the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake which occurred on May 12, 2008, in China. The final results showed that the ionospheric VTEC around the epicenter increased obviously 9 days before the earthquake, decreased significantly 6 days before the earthquake, and increased strikingly 3 days before the earthquake. Relative to a normal non-perturbed state of the ionosphere, the maximum anomalies in the 3 days exceeded 40%, 40%, and 70%, respectively. The spatial sizes of the VTEC decrement and increment by more than 30% extended larger than 1500 km in latitude and 4000 km in longitude. Moreover, the maximum anomalies 6 days and 3 days before the earthquake moved towards the equator.     

利用陆态网络实时监测电离层TEC及在地震监测中的应用分析

中国大陆构造环境监测网络(陆态网络)是中国最大的GPS综合服务网络,该网络包括260个分布全国的GPS基准站。本文首先介绍了利用GPS研究电离层TEC的基本原理与方法,然后阐述了陆态网络电离层TEC监测系统的数据处理及产品发布的详细流程,最后分析了震前电离层异常现象与地震发生的耦合关系,并利用陆态网络电离层TEC监测系统的产品分析了四川省芦山7.0级地震的同震电离层扰动现象。     

Investigation of ionospheric TEC changes related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake based on statistic analysis and signal detection

Ionospheric TEC (total electron content) time series are derived from GPS measurements at 13 stations around the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Defining anomaly bounds for a sliding window by quartile and 2-standard deviation of TEC values, this paper analyzed the characteristics of ionospheric changes before and after the destructive event. The Neyman-Pearson signal detection method is employed to compute the probabilities of TEC abnormalities. Result shows that one week before the Wenchuan earthquake, ionospheric TEC over the epicenter and its vicinities displays obvious abnormal disturbances, most of which are positive anomalies. The largest TEC abnormal changes appeared on May 9, three days prior to the seismic event. Signal detection shows that the largest possibility of TEC abnormity on May 9 is 50.74%, indicating that ionospheric abnormities three days before the main shock are likely related to the preparation process of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.     

Anomalous modification of the ionospheric total electron content prior to the 26 September 2005 Peru earthquake

This paper investigates the features of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies in the total electron content (TEC) data obtained on the basis of regular GPS observations from the International GNSS Service (IGS) network. For the analysis of the ionospheric effects of the 26 September 2005 Peru earthquake, Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) of TEC were used. The possible influence of the earthquake preparation processes on the main low-latitude ionosphere peculiarity—the equatorial anomaly—is discussed. Analysis of the TEC maps has shown that modification of the equatorial anomaly occurred a few days before the earthquake. In previous days, during the evening and night hours (local time—LT), a specific transformation of the TEC distribution had taken place. This modification took the shape of a double-crest structure with a trough near the epicenter, though usually in this time the restored normal latitudinal distribution with a maximum near the magnetic equator is observed. Additional measurements (CHAMP satellite) have also confirmed the presence of this structure. To compare the vertical TEC measurements obtained with GPS satellite signals (GPS TEC), the International Reference Ionosphere, IRI-2001, was used for calculating the IRI TEC.     

Anamolous ionospheric TEC variations prior to the Indonesian earthquake (M 7.1) of November 15, 2014

This paper investigates preearthquake ionospheric variations with the use of TEC of Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) and regional maps based on Precise Point Positioning (PPP) during the 7.1-M Indonesian earthquake that occurred on November 15, 2014. TEC maps corresponding to 10 days before to 4 days after the event were examined. In addition, a time series of TEC values according to the PPP maps were also evaluated. In addition to GIMs, it was possible to detect TEC variations with PPP maps. The results showed that ionospheric TEC decreased strikingly 4 days prior to the earthquake. This TEC variation was highly likely related to seismic activity.     

Precursory phenomena observed in the total electron content measurements before great Hokkaido earthquake of September 25, 2003 (<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis> = 8.3)

In this paper the analysis of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) variations obtained with using GPS measurements before the Hokkaido earthquake (M = 8.3) is presented. Anomalous behavior of TEC was detected within several days before the main event. Anomaly appeared as the local TEC enhancement situated in the vicinity of the forthcoming earthquake epicenter. These structures occurred during 5 days prior to the shock at the same interval of local time. At the process of the earthquake approach the amplitude of modification was increased, and it has reached the 85–90% level relative to the non-disturbed conditions 18 hours before the earthquake. The area of strong positive disturbance has extended over 1500 km in latitudes and 4000 km in longitudes. The analysis have shown that according to the series of characteristics (its locality, affinity with the epicenter, dome-shaped zone of manifestation, characteristic time of existence) the detected ionospheric anomaly may be associated to the precursors of seismic activity.     

2016年缅甸M7.2地震前中国区域电离层TEC扰动的时空分布

基于GPS TEC数据, 以2016年4月13日发生在缅甸的M7.2地震为例, 通过限定上、 下阈值的扰动提取方法分析了地震电离层效应在中国区域的时空分布。 结果显示, 该地震前2~4天, 中国区域的TEC扰动为地震电离层前兆; 其中4月11日(震前2天)电离层扰动受地震的影响最大, 扰动范围可达2816 km; 同时还发现4月11日异常最明显的区域在震中偏北方向(中国南部), 单独提取该区域经度链上的JPL TEC数据, 发现异常区域内北驼峰北移的现象, 并用静电场理论对异常区域向北偏移的物理机制做了分析解释。