当雄Ms6.6地震前后地电场观测数据分析研究

简要介绍地电场观测方法和拉萨地磁台地电场观测基本概况的基础上,对拉萨地磁台 2008年6月1日至12月31日期间的地电场观测数据,特别是当雄6.6级地震前后的地电场数据变化,进行了分析和讨论.认为①该观测结果受观测系统和观测环境等人为因素的影响比较小,观测数据具有较高的可靠性;②该数据变化过程与当雄6.6级地震序列具有较大的关联性;③对该数据的分析研究在探讨地震地电场变化机理等方面具有一定的代表性.     

青海玉树台钻孔应变降雨干扰特征分析

以青海玉树钻孔应变资料为基础,对观测数据变化特征进行分析,认为降雨所造成钻孔水位的变化不是影响钻孔应变数据变化的主要因素,降雨造成周围环境地表水的变化影响了数据的趋势变化。总结归纳降雨对观测数据变化的影响,有效识别地震前兆异常和降雨干扰因素。     

基于B/S的钻孔应变数据可视化分析平台

随着四分量钻孔应变观测数据的积累和观测可靠性的提升,提高钻孔应变观测数据的处理分析和可视效率是当前钻孔应变观测研究的重要任务。钻孔应变观测数据在超宽频带内具有高分辨率,使得钻孔应变观测对地震和地震预报研究具有重要意义。利用正应力花瓣图表示法来显示地应力的变化,不仅有助于定性分析台站所处地点的相对地应力变化,也可以定量读取在某时刻任一方向上观测到的正应力。本文通过这种方法与数据可视化技术结合,以图表数据结合地图展示作为平台主体,搭建了基于B/S体系结构的四分量钻孔应变数据可视化分析平台。该平台可以直观展示钻孔应变仪记录的地应力时空变化,实现钻孔应变数据的可视化分析与多用户共享访问。     

无线地下流体数据监测系统水位观测数据与模拟水位观测数据一致性研究

以山东地区投测的中科光大无线地下流体数据监测系统产出的水位数据为基础,从系统现场测试结果、观测资料变化特征及与模拟观测系统产出数据的一致性研究结果等方面,对该系统进行了分析与评价.认为该观测系统的产出数据能够较客观地反映地下水位的相对变化特征;在观测系统的数据采集模块、GPRS通讯模块和中心系统程序各部分正常工作的情况下,系统产出的数字化观测资料可用于地震分析预报研究.     

成都地震台地电场观测数据变化与地震活动的关联分析

选取成都基准地震台地电场观测数据,对其进行数据的可靠性、正常变化特征、干扰因素等的分析研究,获取地电场观测数据的变化特征及规律;统计出邻区符合条件的灾害性地震,研究成都基准台地电场观测数据在这些破坏性地震前后的变化特征,探索观测数据在周边破坏性地震前后变化规律及短临异常特征,并进行关联分析。     

山西临汾地震观测站水位观测数据对比分析

山西临汾地震观测站的水位观测自2014年以来,多次出现短时间的突升突降变化。为确定观测数据是否反映出水位的真实变化,2014年9月,在该井孔内新增加一套水位观测仪器。文章对两套仪器同一时段的观测数据进行对比分析得出,两套仪器的观测曲线较为一致,说明观测数据基本真实地反映了水位的变化,且新仪器的抗干扰能力和稳定性要优于旧仪器。根据分析结果,进一步提出提高台站仪器运行率的建议。     

山东地震前兆台网地下流体数据跟踪分析

介绍了山东省地震前兆台网地下流体学科数据跟踪分析工作概况,从观测系统、自然环境、场地环境、人为干扰、地球物理事件、不明原因等方面分析了2015年1月至2017年6月跟踪到的非正常变化事件。通过数据跟踪分析,查明了山东区域前兆台网流体学科观测运行的制约因素,提出了合理化建议,以提高观测数据质量。并对荣成鲁32井水温观测数据出现的典型非正常变化事件进行了跟踪分析,判定其为地震前兆异常。     

地磁场变化的小波熵复杂度分析方法

根据南极中山站地磁台2005年的地磁观测数据,运用小波分析方法---小波熵复杂度对地磁场观测数据进行了分析,其小波熵序列与时间序列的变化完全一致,表明小波熵序列能够表征地磁场变化程度及变化范围.进一步研究发现,小波熵序列具有阶段特性,反映了地磁场变化在不同的过程中具有不同的变化性质及内容;当地磁场观测数据的幅度整体削减时,小波熵值整幅增大,但小波熵序列的特征完全一致,说明小波熵非常好地反映了地磁场观测数据的幅度与频率的变化,能够揭示地磁场变化的内在规律.因此,可以借助地磁场观测数据的小波熵复杂度计算来反演地球及其外围空间的动力学特征.     

基于重力卫星数据监测地表质量变化的三维点质量模型法

利用卫星重力测量手段监测全球质量变化取得了巨大成功,本文基于牛顿万有引力定律在三维空间直角坐标系中导出利用重力卫星观测数据监测全球质量变化的三维点质量模型法,该方法可直接利用重力卫星的轨道和星间观测数据或时变重力场模型计算全球质量变化,由于利用卫星观测数据计算地表质量变化的向下延拓过程以及观测数据噪声的影响,需要采用合适的空间约束方程或正则化技术对解算结果进行约束或平滑处理.利用合成全球质量变化模型模拟一个月的GRACE双星轨道和星间距离变率数据计算全球质量变化,对三维点质量模型法进行分析验证,采用零阶Tikhonov正则化技术处理病态问题.结果表明,三维点质量模型法可有效用于重力卫星观测数据监测全球质量变化,为利用重力卫星观测数据监测全球质量变化提供一种可选的途径.     

成都台地电阻率动态特征及邻区强震映震分析

基于成都台长期的地电阻率观测数据在时域的变化规律,对该地区观测数据的正常变化特征、干扰因素、可靠性进行分析研究,获取观测数据的动态特征。同时通过成都台地电阻率观测数据在汶川MS8.0、芦山MS7.0等地震前后的变化动态,研究地电阻率观测数据在灾害性地震前后的趋势性及短临异常特征,并对其进行映震分析。分析表明:视电阻率的异常变化与Ms7.0以上强震的发生存在一定的映震关系。     

Recent trends of extreme precipitation indices in the Iberian Peninsula using observations and WRF model results

Spatial and temporal distributions of the trends of extreme precipitation indices were analysed between 1986 and 2005, over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The knowledge of the patterns of extreme precipitation is important for impacts assessment, development of adaptation and mitigation strategies. As such, there is a growing need for a more detailed knowledge of precipitation climate change.This analysis was performed for Portuguese and Spanish observational datasets and results performed by the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Extreme precipitation indices recommended by the Expert Team for Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices were computed, by year and season. Then, annual and seasonal trends of the indices were estimated by Theil-Sen method and their significance was tested by the Mann-Kendal test. Additionally, a second simulation forced by the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), was considered. This second modelling configuration was created in order to assess its performance when simulating extremes of precipitation.The annual trends estimated for the 1986–2005, from the observational datasets and from the ERA-driven simulation reveal: 1) negative statistically significant trends of the CWD index in the Galicia and in the centre of the IP; 2) positive statistically significant trends of the CDD index over the south of the IP and negative statistically significant trends in Galicia, north and centre of Portugal; 3) positive statistically significant trends of the R75p index in some regions of the north of the IP; 4) positive statistically significant trends in the R95pTOT index in the Central Mountains Chain, Leon Mountains and in the north of Portugal.Seasonally, negative statistically significant trends of the CWD index were found in Galicia, in winter and in the south of the IP, in summer. Positive statistically significant trends of the CWD index were identified in the Leon Mountains, in spring, and in Galicia, in autumn. For the CDD index, negative statistically significant trends were seen in Valencia, in the spring, and, in Galicia and Portugal (north and centre), in summer. Positive statistically significant trends of the CDD index were found: in the east of the IP, in the winter; in the Cantabrian Mountain, in the spring; and, in the south of the IP, in summer. Regarding to the R75p index, negative statistically significant trends were found in Galicia, in winter and positive statistically significant trends in the north of Portugal, in spring and in the Central Mountains Chain and north of Portugal, in autumn. For the R95pTOT index, negative statistically significant trends were found over the Sierra Cuenca and Sierra Cazorla, in winter and positive statistically significant trends were found over the Sierra Cebollera, in winter and in Castile-la Mancha region, in spring.The results of the annual and seasonal trends of the extreme precipitation indices performed for observational datasets and the simulation forced by ERA-Interim, are similar. The results obtained for the simulation forced by MPI-ESM are not satisfactory, and can be a source of criticism for the use of simulation forced by MPI-ESM in this type of climate change studies. Even for the relatively short period used, the WRF model, when properly forced is a useful tool due to the similar results of Portuguese and Spanish observational datasets and the simulation forced by ERA-Interim.     

淮河流域焦岗湖水质参数时空变化及影响因素

焦岗湖是淮河左岸一个天然湖泊,集防洪、灌溉、养殖、旅游等多种功能于一体.利用焦岗湖4个季节水质监测数据,运用Kriging方法,分析焦岗湖水质参数的时空变化及影响因素.结果表明:由于受水文季节变化过程及人类活动等综合影响,焦岗湖水质参数在时间及空间上均存在一定差异.从时间变化来看,夏季透明度较低、秋季较高;溶解氧浓度在春、冬季显著高于夏、秋季;总氮、总磷浓度与高锰酸盐指数均表现为夏季最高、秋季最低.从空间变化来看,4个季节的透明度空间差异较为显著;溶解氧浓度在春、冬季空间分布较为均匀,夏季呈现中心高周围低的变化趋势,秋季则表现为西高东低;总磷浓度春季分布较为均匀,夏、秋及冬季则呈西高东低之势;高锰酸盐指数在春、秋季节呈现东高西低之势,夏季高浓度主要集中在湖区北部,冬季浓度变化不大.     

Spatial and seasonal patterns of flood change across Brazil

Brazil has some of the largest rivers in the world and has the second greatest flood loss potential among the emergent countries. Despite that, flood studies in this area are still scarce. In this paper, we used flood seasonality and trend analysis at the annual and seasonal scales in order to describe flood regimes and changes across the whole of Brazil in the period 1976–2015. We identified a strong seasonality of floods and a well-defined spatio-temporal pattern for flood occurrence. There are positive trends in the frequency and magnitude of floods in the North, South and parts of Southeast Brazil; and negative trends in the North-east and the remainder of Southeast Brazil. Trends in the magnitude (frequency) were predominant in the winter (summer). Overall, floods are becoming more frequent and intense in Brazilian regions characterized by wet conditions, and less frequent and intense in drier regions.     

Structure and Significance of S-wave Velocity and Poisson’s Ratio in the Crust beneath the Eastern Side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The receiver functions of body waves of distant earthquakes obtained for the regions beneath 41 digital stations (Lhasa and GANZ in Tibet, Mandalay and Rangoon in Myanmar, SHIO in India, CHTO in Thailand, and station network in Sichuan and Yunnan) were used to invert for S-wave structure in the crust and upper mantle in Sichuan, Yunnan, and their surrounding areas. Meanwhile the distribution characteristics of the Poisson’s ration and the crustal thickness in Sichuan and Yunnan areas were also obtained. Results indicate that the depth of Moho beneath the eastern side of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau varies strikingly. It is obvious that the greatest changes in crustal thickness occur in a north-south direction. The crustal thickness decreases from north to south, being as thick as 70 km in eastern Tibet, the northern portion of our area of interest, and less than 30 km in Chaing Mai and Rangoon, the southern portion of our area. There are, however, exceptions regarding the trend. The thickness exhibits an east-west variation trend in the area from Ma’erkong-Kongding in Sichuan to Lijiang in Yunnan. In general the Jinpingshan-Longmenshan fault and Anninghe fault can be taken as the boundaries of this exception area. The thickness in Kongding in the west is 68 km, while it is only 39 km in Yongchuan in the east. Moreover the Poisson’s ratio values in the blocks of central Sichuan and Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond are high, and a low velocity layer in the crust of this area can be obviously detected. The distribution characteristics of the high Poisson’s ratio and the low velocity of the crust in this block correspond to the tectonic structure, being in contrast with the surrounding areas. Combining with the distribution features of the modern tectonic stress field, it is deduced that the Sichuan-Yunnan area is probably the channel through which the materials of the lithosphere flow eastward.     

镍添加对水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia)叶片镍和营养元素含量以及氧化胁迫和抗氧化系统的影响

采用营养液水培的方法,研究不同镍(Ni)添加浓度(0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 mmol/L)对水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia)叶片中Ni元素积累、营养元素(Ca、Mg、K、Fe和Mn)含量、氧化胁迫和抗氧化系统的影响.结果显示:(1)叶片中Ni含量以浓度依赖的方式增加;(2)叶片中营养元素含量(Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Mn)也受影响,其中Ca、Mg含量随Ni浓度增加而显著上升;K含量随Ni浓度增加有所升高,但不显著;Mn含量虽在较大Ni浓度时有所下降,但处理组始终高于对照组;而Fe含量则随Ni浓度增加而下降;(3)Ni胁迫诱导了明显的氧化胁迫,主要表现为:O·-2产生速率以及过氧化氢和丙二醛含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白以及光合色素含量明显下降;(4)随着Ni浓度的升高,过氧化物酶活性逐渐升高,过氧化氢酶活性呈下降趋势,超氧化物歧化酶活性在Ni添加浓度为0.05 mmol/L时出现短暂升高随后下降;维生素E和黄酮含量随Ni浓度增加呈缓慢上升趋势;还原型谷胱甘肽未发生明显变化,非蛋白巯基和植物络合素含量均表现为先升后降的趋势;总抗氧化能力随Ni浓度升高先增强后减弱.由此可见,Ni添加引起水鳖叶片中Ni元素的累积和营养元素含量变化,同时产生明显的氧化胁迫,打破了抗氧化系统的平衡.     

鄱阳湖流域干旱气候特征研究

本文利用鄱阳湖流域127个站点1960-2007年逐日降水和温度资料,选用Z指数对鄱阳湖流域的气象干旱进行分析,并将干旱分为偏旱、大旱和特旱三个等级.研究结果表明鄱阳湖流域干旱基本呈现出南少北多、南强北弱的空间分布形式.鄱阳湖流域7-12月发生的干旱以偏旱为主,大旱和特旱主要出现在1-6月.线性趋势变化分析表明,2000年以来干旱范围和干旱强度均呈现出增加的趋势,其中,2003、2004和2007年的干旱较为严重.2003年大部分月份偏旱范围广、强度大,全年大旱和特旱出现的范围均较小,但3-4月和6-7月的大旱和特旱强度较大;2004年大部分月份偏旱范围和强度均相对较小,但在3月和6月出现范围较大且强度较强的大旱和特旱;2007年干旱分布更为极端,仅在7、10和11月出现范围较广或强度较大的偏旱,而在5月集中出现面积超过80%的大旱和特旱.     

Changes in an urban water resource,an example from Sydney,Australia

This paper examines present and future resource utilization in the tidal section of the Georges River in the southern part of Sydney. Over the last 30 years, the physical characteristics of the river have changed as a result of urbanization, changed hydrologic regime and sand dredging. Urbanization has resulted in an increase in population from 190,000 in 1947 to 550,000. This has resulted in an increase in runoff, sediment input to the river and waste disposal. The change in hydrologic regime has resulted in a substantial increase in the magnitude and frequency of flooding which has increased erosion. Sand dredging has increased the channel capacity, enlarged the tidal prism and increased water turbidity. It has also resulted in extensive bank erosion in the upper part of the river and extensive deposition lower down as tailings are deposited. Although most of these changes have resulted in the deterioration of environmental quality, use of the river for recreation and as an urban amenity has increased.     

大通湖及东洞庭湖区生物体重金属的水平及其生态评价

于2005年11月采集了大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水和水生生物样品,并测定了水和水生生物样品中重金属(Cd、Pb、Hg、As)的含量,并对湖区生物体重金属进行了污染评价.研究结果表明,大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水中重金属含量较小,绝大部分采样点水质都属于国家Ⅰ类水标准;水生生物体内CD、Pb含量为虾＞螺＞鱼,Hg的含量为鱼＞螺＞虾,As的含量为螺＞虾＞鱼;而鱼类重金属含量则为底栖鱼类＞中上层鱼类,肉食性鱼类＞植食性鱼类.大通湖及东洞庭湖区生物体中CD、Pb的污染指数为虾＞螺＞鱼,Hg的污染指数则为鱼＞螺＞虾,As的污染指数则为螺＞虾＞鱼.     

Characteristics,genesis and accumulation history of natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield,Tarim Basin,China

Hetianhe gasfield in Bachu region of the Tarim Basin is mainly composed of three reservoir-caprock assembly,namely regional caprock of upper mudstone,middle mudstone and lower mudstone of the Carboniferous and reservoir of Bachu bioclastic limestone,glutenite and the Ordovician carbonate buried hill.Natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield sourced from the Cambrian source rock.It is thought that gases in Ma4 well block in the east of Hetianhe gasfield are mainly crude-oil cracked gases,while those in Ma3 and Ma8 well blocks in the west are the mixture gases of kerogen cracked gases and crude-oil cracked gases.Natural gas is rich in H2S and accumulated in multiply stages as the result of TSR.The accumulation history is divided into three stages,namely accumulation and breakage in the late Caledonian-early Hercynian,migration and dissipation in the late Hercynian and accumulation in Himalayan. The main accumulation of reformed gas reservoir is in Himalayan.