1936年广西灵山M6? 地震参数讨论

1936年广西灵山M6? 地震是华南沿海地震带内陆地区有地震记载以来发生的最大地震,由于当时仪器记录缺乏、时代相隔较长且未进行详细的现场调查,对该地震的基本参数尚存争议。本文在概述该地震地表破裂带基本特征的基础上,利用地震地表破裂带长度和最大同震位移等数据重新讨论了该地震的基本参数和发震构造。研究结果表明1936年灵山M6? 地震的宏观震中位于灵山断裂北段与友僚—蕉根坪断裂交会处一带,震级为M6.8左右,震中烈度达Ⅸ度强,罗阳山西北麓的灵山断裂为该地震的发震构造。      

2002年12月14日甘肃玉门5.9级地震的发震构造研究

野外调查结果表明,2002年12月14日发生在甘肃省玉门地区的5.9级地震,其宏观震中和仪器震中都位于祁连山北缘断裂上。仪器震中为39.8°N,973°E;宏观震中为397°N,973°E。震中区烈度为Ⅷ度,极震区呈长椭圆形,长轴走向N65°W,长度为15km;短轴走向N25°E,长度为12km。本次地震的发震断层应为祁连山北缘断裂内的次级断裂——旱峡-大黄沟断裂,地震为该断裂最新活动的结果     

福建连城5级地震与构造的关系分析

１９９２年１１月２６日在福建连城发生了５．０级地震，宏观震中位于黄地－赖源－带（１１６°５７′Ｅ，２５°３２′Ｎ），震中烈度Ⅵ度强，震源深度７－８ｋｍ。极震区等震线呈椭圆形，长轴方向为ＮＥ，与震中区的黄地－梅村头断裂展布方向基本一致，余震沿该断裂分布，并自ＮＥ向ＳＷ方向迁移。黄地－梅村头断裂可能是这次地震的发震构造。     

林甸5.1级地震前的测震学异常特征

2005年7月25日黑龙江林甸县发生Ms5.1地震.地震震中位于46.93°N,124.97°E.地震的宏观震中在大庆市林甸县花园乡,极震区地震烈度达Ⅵ度强.本次地震发生在东北地槽系松辽地块松嫩中断(凹)陷带内,地貌上为广阔的平原区.本次地震所处的构造位置在滨州大断裂和德都-大安岩石圈断裂交汇处,稍偏于德都-大安断裂.     

1987年1月8日甘肃省迭部5.9级地震

1987年1月8日甘肃省迭部县5.9级地震是继1954年山丹71/4级地震后,30余年来甘肃省境内发生的最大的一次地震。经过宏观考察和研究确定,其宏观震中位于光盖山—迭山主峰南竹路沟脑处,地理位置为北纬34°14＇,东经103°18＇。震中烈度为Ⅶ度。极震区为—近东西向展布的椭圆形区域,面积为300平方公里。有感范围达12000平方公里。该次地震发生在青藏高原北部的武都—玛曲断裂带内,其发震构造为北西西向具压性的向南陡倾的杂列括—桑巴沟脑断裂,本区内北东向的安子库断裂亦参与了活动。     

公元849年内蒙古包头东地震地表破裂带及地震参数讨论

史载公元849年10月20日,内蒙古河套地区发生大地震.对这次地震的震中位置、震级、烈度的认识目前存在较大分歧.作者在大青山山前断裂带活断层填图和古地震研究过程中,在大青山山前断裂中、西段,发现多处距今1000多年的地震形变遗迹;结合公元849年地震史料的进一步考证,表明大青山山前断裂带为公元849年地震的发震构造.宏观震中位置应在活动断裂变位量最大的包头铝厂至永富一带,地理坐标约为北纬40.4°,东经110.2°.震中烈度为Ⅹ度,震级为7.7.     

公元849年内蒙古包头东地震地表破裂带及地震参数讨论a

史载公元849年10月20日,内蒙古河套地区发生大地震.对这次地震的震中位置、震级、烈度的认识目前存在较大分歧.作者在大青山山前断裂带活断层填图和古地震研究过程中,在大青山山前断裂中、西段,发现多处距今1000多年的地震形变遗迹;结合公元849年地震史料的进一步考证,表明大青山山前断裂带为公元849年地震的发震构造.宏观震中位置应在活动断裂变位量最大的包头铝厂至永富一带,地理坐标约为北纬40.4deg;,东经110.2deg;.震中烈度为Ⅹ度,震级为7.7.      

西藏左贡6.1级地震烈度分布与发震构造考察

2013年8月12日5时23分在西藏自治区昌都地区发生了一次Ms6.1级地震,震中位于北纬30.1°,东经97.9°。根据震后现场考察结果,宏观震中位于昌都地区左贡县嘎益村附近的澜沧江断裂带上,震中最大烈度为Ⅷ度,但考察点仅是点状分布的,因此无法按照理想图形选择出调查点而绘出烈度分布图。根据有限的调查点资料绘出地震烈度等震线为椭圆形,长轴走向为北西向,与澜沧江断裂带走向一致。本次地震的宏观震中就位于该断裂上,严重震害点也沿该断裂带分布,震源机制解表明发震断层为NWW向,结合宏观考察分析表明,澜沧江断裂带为本次地震的发震构造。     

2008-6-18石棉M_L4.8级地震宏观考察

石棉县ML4.8地震使得安顺乡麂子坪村、松岗村,擦罗乡晏如村、海洋村,先锋乡松林村等地方少数房屋倒塌,大部分房屋受损。此前的5·12汶川特大地震已经对石棉县建筑物造成了较大破坏,这次地震又对受损房屋造成二次破坏,实地考察确定宏观震中烈度为Ⅵ度强(Ⅵ+),微观震中位于地震活动及现代新构造运动表现十分强烈的"麂子坪断裂"上,其宏观震中也落在该断裂上。     

永胜6.0级地震的地质构造背景及发震构造

阐述了永胜Ms6．0级地震震区的地震地质构造背景与构造应力场，结合本次地震的裂度分布几何形态、震源机制解、主余震震中分布和地表破坏等资料，讨论了地震的发震构造，认为程海断裂宾川－金沙江段是该地震的发震断理解。程海断裂宾川－金沙江段以左旋走滑活动为主，兼具正断层性质。     

2020年新疆于田MS6.4地震发震构造研究

2020年6月26日新疆于田西昆仑地区发生M_S6.4地震, 这是继2008年M_S7.3和2014年M_S7.3两次于田地震后发生的又一次强震。 判定此次地震的发震构造是进行地震解剖需要解决的一个基本问题。 本文基于GIS平台与技术, 对构造地质、 高分遥感、 地貌地形、 地震、 GPS速度场、 震源机制等各种资料进行整合, 通过跨学科资料的综合分析, 对地震相关的动力学、 运动学机制进行了研究, 对发震构造进行了初步的判定。 此次于田地震的发生可能是2014年强震破裂段进一步向西南方向破裂的结果。 地震精定位结果显示震中位于琼木孜塔格峰附近。 高分遥感解译及构造地貌变形分析的结果表明极震区是一个典型的张性盆岭构造区, 发育有小型的断陷盆地和正断性质的控盆断裂。 震后高分卫星影像表明在震区未发现明显的地表破裂带以及地震次生灾害。 此次地震可能是由西昆仑地块与松潘—甘孜地块之间NE向构造带内张性构造体系的活动而引发的。 由于构造带两侧地块的斜向拉张运动, 使得正断层、 走滑断层在构造带内先后形成并且持续地、 同步地活动。 正断比走滑更主要一些, 其分别能够很好地适应并吸收张性纯剪切分量以及横向简单剪切分量, 从而使得构造带内正断型、 走滑型地震频发, 此次于田M_S6.4地震就是在这种背景下发生的。 构造区范围内的地壳自地表向深部可能存在着多层次的张性构造体系, 各个体系之间可能不具有明显的关联性。 本次地震可能与地表张性构造体系关系不大, 推断是深层次张性构造体系活动的结果。     

Main Factors Affecting the Distribution of the Macroscopic Destruction Field of Earthquake

It is proposed that some possible macroseismic epicenters can be determined quickly from the relationship that the microseismic epicenters located by instruments bear with faults.Based on these so-called macroseismic epicenters,we can make fast seismic hazard estimation after a shock by use of the empirical distribution model of seismic intensity.In comparison with the method that uses the microseismic epicenters directly,this approach can increase the preccision of fast seismic hazard estimation.Statistical analysis of 133 main earthquakes in China was made.The result shows that the deviation distance between the microseismic epicenter and macroseismic epicenter falls within the range of 35km for 88% earthquakes of the total and within the range of 35to 75km for the remaining ones.Then,we can take the area that has the microseismic epicenter as its center and is 35km in radius as the area for emphatic analysis,and take the area within 75km around the microseismic epicenter as the area for general analysis.The relation between the 66 earthquake cases on the N-S Seismic Belt in China and the spatial distribution characteristics of faults and the results of focal mechanism solution were analyzed in detail.We know from the analysis that the error of instrumental epicenter determination is not the only factor that gives effects to the deviation of the macroseismic epicenter.In addiditon to it,the fault size,fault distribution,fault activity,fault intersection types,earthquake magnitude,etc,are also main affecting factors.By sorting out ,processing and analyzing these affecting factors,the principle and procedures for quickly determining the possible position of the macroseismic epicenter were set up.Taking these as a basis and establishing a nationwide database of faults that contains relevant factors,it is possible to apply this method in practical fast estimation of seismic hazard.     

THE SEISMOGENIC ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS OF LUDIAN MS6.5 EARTHQUAKE USING GRAVITY DATA

The main rupture of Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake is directed to the northwest, which occurred in the east of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone. The epicenter is in the transitional zone of the Sichuan-Yunnan block and the South China block, where there are many slip and nappe structures. Some controversy still remains on the earthquake tectonic environment. So, Bouguer gravity anomalies calculated by EGM2008 were broken down into 1-5 ranks using the way of Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT), then we get the lateral heterogeneity in different depths of the crust. The distribution characteristics of Bouguer gravity anomaly are analyzed using measured gravity profile data. We also get its normalized full gradient(NFG)picture, and study the differences between different depths in crust. The results show that: (1)the characteristic of Buoguer gravity anomaly in southwest to northeast is high-low-high between the Lianfeng Fault(LFF)and Zhaotong-Ludian Fault(ZLF). The mainshock and aftershocks are distributed in the middle of the low-value zone, which means that the east moving materials of Qinghai-Tibet plateau broke through the southern section of Lianfeng Fault(LFF), moving along the Baogunao-Xiaohe zone(low-value belt)to the southeast, stopped by the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault(ZLF), and then earthquake occurred.(2)The third-order discrete wavelet transform(DWT)details show that: there is a good consistency between the negative gravity anomaly in upper crust and the distribution of major faults, which reflects that the rupture caused by the movements of the faults in crust has reduced gravity anomaly. There is a NW-trending negative anomaly belt near the epicenter, which may has some relationship to the southward development of the Daliangshan Fault(DLSF). So we speculate that the southward movement of Daliangshan Fault is the main direct force source of Ludian earthquake.(3)In the picture of the fourth-order DWT details, there is an obvious positive gravity anomaly under the epicenter of Ludian earthquake, which confirms the presence of a high-density body in the middle crust. While the fifth-order DWT details show that: A positive anomaly belt is below the epicenter too, which may be caused by mantle material intruding to the lower crust. Tensile force in crust caused by mantle uplift and extrusion-torsion force caused by Indian plate push are the main force source in the tensile and strike slip movement of the Ludian earthquake.(4)The normalized total gradient of Bouguer gravity anomalies of Huili-Ludian-Zhaotong profile shows that: there is obvious ‘deformation’ in the Xiaojiang fault zone which dips to the east and controls the local crust movement. There is a local ‘constant body’ at the bottom of the epicenter. The stable constant body in density has limiting effects to the earthquake rupture, which is the reason that the earthquake rupture' scale in strike and in depth are limited.(5)The ability of earthquake preparation in Zhaotong-Ludian Fault is lower than the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone, and the maximum earthquake capacity in this area should be around magnitude 7.     

五大连池火山构造地震空间分布及其构造含义

在对五大连池地震台１９８３年以来观测到的五大连池火山区的地震记录复核的基础上，测定了火山构造地震的空间分布状态。研究结果表明该地区地震活动均为壳内地震。受火山构造环境影响，地震活动存在着外围边缘强，震源深度分布深；内部弱，震源深度分布浅的差异。火山区内部地震深度分布优势在５ｋｍ—８ｋｍ，有３个地震分布密集区，震中分布呈明显的沿火山构造断层成带分布特性。在地震条带交汇处，震源深度起伏变化大，是火山构造活动强烈部位     

GRAVITY VARIATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE IN CANGWU IN 2016

Based on the mobile gravity observation data in 2014-2016 in Guangxi and its adjacent areas, this paper systematically analyzed the changes of regional gravity field and its relation to the M_S5.4 Cangwu, Guangxi earthquake on July 31, 2016, and combined with GPS observation data and seismic geological survey results, discussed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the changes of regional gravity field and its mechanism. The results show that:(1) Before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake, the gravity anomaly changes near the earthquake area were closely related to the major faults in space, which reflects the crustal deformation and tectonic activities that caused the surface gravity change along the seismogenic fault in the period of 2014-2016; (2) The gravity changes near the epicenter before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake showed an evolution process in which the positive gravity anomaly zone changed to the negative gravity anomaly zone, a gravity gradient belt appeared along NNE direction and the earthquake occurred in its reverse change process; (3) The epicenter of the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake located both near the gravity gradient belt and in the zero transition zone of the surface strain gradient and the edge of the high maximum shear strain rate area, the observational fact further proved that the dynamic image of gravitational field and deformation field have important instruction significance to the location prediction of strong earthquakes; (4) in recent years, the gravity dynamic change in northwestern Guangxi presented a four-quadrant distribution pattern, and there is the risk of generating earthquake of magnitude about 5 in the center of the quadrants.     

DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF ZHAN-JIANG BAY AREA FROM THE VIEW OF DEEP FAULT SYSTEM INTERPRETED BASED ON THE GRAVITY DATA

The neotectonics in Zhanjiang Bay area is almost the inferred faults and there are not any active faults seen on the ground surface. So it is difficult for research on the seismogenic structure. This paper analyzes and interpretes the gravity data that can reflect the feature of deep faults and then discusses the seismogenic structure of Zhanjiang Bay area in combination with its geology and earthquake activity. There is a huge NEE-trending high gravity gradient belt lying in the coastal region among Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and Zhanjiang Bay is located in this gravity gradient belt. We analyzed and interpreted more than eighty images obtained with many different methods one by one, then, got the result that Zhanjiang Bay area is embraced by two giant fault belts trending in the NEE and NW direction respectively, and its interior is crossed over by the NE-trending fault belt. These three fault belts are well shown in the gravity images, especially the NEE-trending fault belt and NW one. The gravity isolines and gradient belts or the thick black stripes of the NEE-and NW-trending fault belts are displayed apparently. Also, these gravity structures are good in continuity, extend vastly and cut deeply. What is more, the NEE-trending fault belt plays a leading and region-controlling part. It shows good continuity, and cuts off the NW-and NE-trending faults frequently and intensively. The NW-trending fault belt also is good in continuity and cuts the NEE-and NE-trending faults relatively frequently and strongly, but it is restricted by the NEE-trending one. Last, the continuity of the NE-trending fault is worse and the strength cutting off NE-and NW-trending faults is significantly weak, just in some segments and in the shallow positions. According to the characteristics above and combined with the analyses of geological structure and earthquake activity, the conclusion can be drawn that the NEE-trending fault is the controlling structure and the main seismogenic structure in Zhanjiang Bay area, and the NW-trending fault is the second one. They conjugate and act together. Therefore, Zhanjiang Bay has the tectonic condition for generating M_S=6.5 earthquakes.     

2003年12月1日昭苏6.1级地震及余震的定位

分析比较了中国新疆昭苏6．1级地震序列资料和哈萨克斯坦科教部地震研究所提供的该次地震目录，通过补充哈萨克斯坦地震台网的地震资料，对2003年12月1日发生的昭苏6．1级地震及其51个余震进行了重新定位，并对此次地震的微观震中、宏观震中进行了讨论。     

张北-尚义地震与大同-阳高地震地震活动对比研究

张北－尚义地震与大同－阳高地震虽然相距不远,但在地震活动性上有较大的差异。大同－阳高地震前,区域地震活动、断裂带附近微震活动、震源邻区地震活动趋势、地震活动空区展布和余震分布都与北东或北西向这组共轭构造一致;张北－尚义地震前,区域地震活动、断裂带附近微震活动、震源邻区地震活动趋势、地震活动空区展布和余震分布则与近南北或近东西向这组共轭构造平行。产生这种方向差异的原因可能是构造条件的差异以及附加应力场的不同     

北天山中段微震活动检测及其活动性和孕震构造分析

北天山地震带地处中国大陆强震高发区, 孕震构造复杂, 近年来陆续发生了2016年呼图壁M_S6.2地震和2017年精河M_S6.6地震。 由于测震台网相对比较稀疏, 该区域微震监测能力较弱。 本文主要采用波形模板扫描法对北天山中段(43.5°N~44.5°N; 85°E~87.5°E)进行微震事件检测, 并反演精细的一维速度结构, 重新定位地震; 深入分析该区域的地震活动性和孕震构造特征。 经过微震检测, 得到该地区2014年1月至2018年9月期间57902个地震事件, 是原地震目录的10倍, 完备震级从1.2降至0.5。 结果显示, 北天山中段地震十分活跃, 主要分布在北天山山前霍尔果斯—玛纳斯—吐谷鲁背斜带南翼的浅部和南玛纳斯—齐古背斜带深部, 呼图壁地震震后地震活动性有增强的趋势。 研究期间沿背斜构造带走向地震分布不均, 霍尔果斯—玛纳斯—吐谷鲁背斜带西段地震活动多于东段, 南玛纳斯—齐古背斜带东段地震活动显著强于西段。 经过重定位, 发现研究区的地震事件主要发生在褶皱内部的“盲断层”上, 这些隐伏断裂与区域活动断裂和背斜构造共同组成的断层系孕育了北天山山前活跃的地震活动, 并可能成为未来强震的发震构造。     

澜沧、耿马地震序列图象与发震构造讨论

本文分析了1988年11月6日云南澜沧、耿马地震序列的震中分布及迁移图象,发现其地震序列中主震及余震明显地沿北北西向分布。7.2级地震所形成的形变带沿北北西向旱母坝断层分布,表明该断层即为此次地震的发震构造。7.6级地震时,沿北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均形成明显的地震形变带,表明其发震构造较复杂。主震后的强余震活动与北东向断裂有密切关系。本文认为澜沧、耿马地震序列具有复杂的发震构造和破裂图象。