云南省2001年上半年地震活动综述

据云南数字地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 1年上半年云南省共记录到 3级以上地震 5 5次 (不含余震 ) :其中 3～ 3 9级地震 44次、 4～ 4 9级 5次、 5～ 5 9级 5次。 2 0 0 1年上半年云南地区地震活动最显著的特点是历史上少见的中强震连发 (表 1 )。表 1　云南地区 2 0 0 1年上半年 5级地震目录编号发震时间震中位置年月日农历时分秒北纬东经地名 震源深度震级ＭＬ ＭＳ精度12 0 0 1 2 19廿七 2 3-5 1-362 1°2 6′ 10 2°5 0′老挝 10ｋｍ 5 2 42 2 0 0 1 2 2 0廿八 0 3-0 2 -5 12 1°2 2′ 10 2°5 4′老挝 8ｋｍ 5 432 0 0 1 3 12十八 16-5 7…     

南黄海地震区的地震活动性研究

北纬３１°—３５°、东经１１９°—１２５°范围内的南黄海地震区,中强地震活动频繁,这主要是由一组北北东向和北西—北西西向共轭走滑活动断层及张性铲形活动断层引起的,该区内的中强震活动具有准周期性,震中呈东移趋势,区内地震在原地或同一构造部位重复发生的概率比较高,且空间分布是不均匀的,其中,海域地震强度明显高于陆域地震,在第Ⅲ、Ⅳ地震活跃期内,中强震主要发生在北纬３３°±１°、东经１２１°±１°所在的南黄海海域的南部盆地,本区第Ⅳ活跃期内中强地震的活动水平与近期内中小地震的活动水平相当,同时,海域地震还具有成丛性及５７ 年、６ 年的节律,地震震中具有南北迁移的特征     

1999年台湾7.6级大震后江苏-南黄海地区中强震分析预测

1　江苏—南黄海地区中强震与台湾 7级强震的相关关系江苏—南黄海地区 ( 3 1°～ 3 5.5°N,1 1 8°～ 1 2 4 .5°E)地处扬州—铜陵地震带中东段 ,位于华北地震区与华南地震区的交接部位 ,这里是我国东部地震活动水平较高的地区 ,众所周知 ,太平洋板块、菲律宾板块对欧亚板块的俯冲挤压 ,是我国大陆东部地区地震活动的主要动力源。 1 999年 9月 2 1日台湾 7.6级大震的发生 ,使得本区在 1 994～ 1 997年 4年中强震连发的形势之下又面临一场严峻的考验。表 1　台湾地区 7级强震与江苏—南黄海地区中强震之间相关关系序号台湾地区江苏—南黄海…     

吐鲁番地区中强地震活动特征分析

引言本文根据新疆维吾尔自治区地震局《新疆维吾尔自治区地震资料汇编》、《新疆维吾尔自治区地震目录》以及中国地震局分析预报中心编制的《中国西部地震目录》等有关资料,从中选取了本世纪近百年内吐鲁番地区（φＮ４１°１５′～４３°３０′,λＥ８８°００′～９１°３０′）ＭＳ≥４．７地震作为研究样本,从不同角度分析讨论了地震活动的迁移规律、震中分布特征和中强震的轮回、交替特征,并在此基础上提出了该地区近几年地震活动的发展趋势。　１　吐鲁番地区中强地震的时空分布１．１　地震活动概况吐鲁番盆地位于天山地区东部,…     

2000年12月首都圈地区ML≥2.0地震动态

根据中国地震局地球物理研究所四室提供的资料 ,2 0 0 0年 1 2月首都圈地区 (38.0°～ 41 .0°N,1 1 3.0°～ 1 2 0 .0°E)共发生 ML≥ 2 .0地震 1 3次 ,其中 ML≥ 3.0地震 1次 (见表 1 )。 1 2月 8日 1 3时2 4分发生在应县的 ML 3.1地震是本月最显著的事件。本月地震频度与 1 1月相比稍有增长 ,震中分布较分散 ,在首都圈西部、中部和东部地区都有地震发生。表 1　 2 0 0 0年 11月首都圈地区 ML≥ 2 .0地震序号发　震　时　刻　　年月日时分秒　震中位置φN/°　　 λE/°震级 / ML 震　中0 12 0 0 0 - 12 - 0 1T10 - 0 3- 0 3 39.811…     

2001年1月华北地区ML≥3.0地震动态

根据中国地震局分析预报中心提供的资料 ,2 0 0 1年 1月华北地区 (33.0°～ 42 .0°N,111.0°～12 5 .0°E)共发生 ML≥ 3.0地震 8次 (见表 1) ,其中 1月 3日 0 5时 31分发生在丰南的 ML 4.0地震是本月最显著事件。本月地震频度与 2 0 0 0年 12月相比略有升高 ,参考 1992年以来的月平均地震频次 ,1月为中等水平 ,地震活动月能量释放也处于中等略低状态 ,震中主要分布在华北东部地区及相邻海域表 1　 2 0 0 1年 1月华北地区 ML≥ 3.0地震序号发　震　时　刻　　年月日时分秒　震中位置φN/°　　　　λE/°震级ML震　中0 12 0 0 1- 0 1-…     

2001年1月首都圈地区ML≥2.0地震动态

根据中国地震局地球物理研究所四室提供的资料 ,2 0 0 1年 1月首都圈地区 (38.0°～ 41 .0°N,1 1 3.0°～ 1 2 0 .0°E)共发生 ML≥ 2 .0地震 1 3次 (见表 1 ) ,其中 ML≥ 4.0地震 1次 ,即 1月 3日 0 5时31分发生在丰南的 ML 4.0地震 ,该地震是本月最显著的事件。本月地震频度与 2 0 0 0年 1 2月相比持平 ,震中主要分布在首都圈东部。能量释放东部地区较强 ,如果不考虑余震 ,首都圈 3个地区 (东、中和西部 )发震频次基本相等表 1　 2 0 0 1年 1月首都圈地区 ML≥ 2 .0地震序号发　震　时　刻　　年月日时分秒　震中位置φN/°　　 λE…     

1999年9月14日四川省绵竹清平5.0级地震前区域地震活动

1　空间分布我们采用四川省地震台网目录资料 ,选取发生在北纬 3 0°3 0′～ 3 0°5 0′,东经 1 0 3°5 0′～1 0 5°1 0′德阳及邻区内的地震 ,对 1 970年以来的资料进行了分析。据统计 ,1 970年至 1 999年1 0月 ,该区发生 3 .0级以上地震共 85次 (图1 )。 1 999年 9月 1 4日绵竹清平 5 .0级地震为图 1　德阳地区 M≥ 3.0地震分布图近 3 0年来的最大地震 ,其次是 1 970年 3月 2 2日什邡、绵竹九顶山间 4.9级地震。历史上最大的地震为 1 95 8年 2月 8日绵竹 (微观震中 )6.2级地震 ,宏观震中为北川 ,震害较为严重。2　频次异常从 M-t、 N -…     

2002年7月首都圈地区ML≥2．0地震动态

根据中国地震局分析预报中心提供的资料 ,2 0 0 2年 7月首都圈地区 (3 8.0°～ 41.0°N,113 .0°～ 12 0 .0°E)共发生 ML≥ 2 .0地震 11次 ,ML≥ 3 .0地震 1次 (见表 1)。 2 0日 2 3时 0 1分滦县 (3 9.9°N,118.8°E) ML 3 .4地震是本月最显著的事件。首都圈本月地震活动强度和上月相比基本持平 ,频度与上月相当 ,能量释放处于偏低水平 ,震中主要分布在唐山地区。表 1　 2 0 0 2年 7月首都圈地区 ML≥ 2 .0地震序号发　震　时　刻　　年月日时分秒　震中位置φN/°　　　　λE/°震级ML震　中0 12 0 0 2 - 0 7- 0 1T 15- 41- 34 40 …     

2000年9月份首都圈地区ML≥2.0地震动态

根据中国地震局地球物理研究所四室提供的资料,2000年9月份首都圈地区(38.0°～41.0°N,113.0°～120.0°E)共发生ML≥2.0地震9次,无ML≥3.0地震(见表1)。9月27日03时28分发生在信安的ML2.6地震是本月最显著的事件,本月地震频度略低于8月份,震中比较分散,首都圈东部、西部和中部都有地震发生。表1　2000年9月份首都圈地区ML≥2.0地震序号发　震　时　刻　　年月日时分秒　震中位置φN/(°)　　λE/(°)震级/ML震　中012000-09-01T15-04-0139.8119.62.3渤海022000-09-02T00-13-0139.9119.72.2渤海032000-09-05T14-22-0540.4115.52.5沙…     

Acid volcanism on the south Arabian coast

Along the south coast of Arabia, between Aden and the southern entrance to the Red Sea, there are six central vent volcanoes of probable Pliocene age. All are characterised by the interstratification of basic and acidic extrusives, the formation of large central calderas at a late stage in the volcanic cycle and the subsequent infilling of these calderas with horizontal acidic ignimbrites and basic lavas. Lying 60 miles to the west of Aden and of particular interest is Jebel Khariz, the largest and best preserved of the six volcanic centres, covering a roughly circular area of about 100 square miles and rising to a height of 2,766 feet. The volcanic sequence of Jebel Khariz is broadly divisible into two suites: a) alkali-rich rhyolites and trachytes which occur as flows and pyroclastic horizons and form about 80 per cent of the volume of the cone, and b) effusives of basaltic composition that occur in the caldera, locally on the south-east and south-west flanks and in a small parasitic cone on the northern flank. The alkali-rich acidic suite includes lavas, ash-flow and ash-fall rocks as well as vent and flow breccias, Generally, all rocks of this suite have phenocrysts of anorthoclase, and may contain phenocrysts of fayalitic olivine, aegirine-augite, magnetite and/or quartz. The fine grained matrix is composed of the same minerals with skeletal riebeckite and, in some cases, cossyrite. The basaltic suite is characteristically porphyritic, the phenocrysts being of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine and magnetite in a fine-grained mesostasis of plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene and ore. The plagioclase, on initial investigation, appears to lie in the labradorite-bytownite range, the olivine is commonly replaced by iddingsite and the clinopyroxene is most commonly a pale mauve titanaugite. Near the centre of the volcanic pile, as exposed in the caldera wall, masses of rhyolitic composition can be seen to form over half of the volcanic sequence. These masses are markedly lenzoid in cross-section normal to the flow direction and display intricate flow folding; they are considered to have been extruded as viscous lava. Further from the volcanic centre, these acidic extrusives become less markedly lenzoid until in the distal areas of individual units, some 5 miles from the caldera, they have spread out to form sheet-like masses covering as much as 10 square miles to a uniform thickness rarely exceeding 25 feet. The presence of agglomeratic bases, hard compact central sections and less compact upper divisions, together with the ubiquitous presence of columnar jointing and occasional shard textures suggest that these distal parts of each extrusive unit have been formed by an ash-flow/ash-fall mechanism. It is postulated that the majority of the Jebel Khariz volcanic pile was formed by emission of acidic material, effusive in the central area, but deposited mainly by an ash-flow mechanism around the flanks of the cone. This could be due to either the synchronous eruption of viscous lava from the central vent with ash flow eruptions on the flanks; or, more probably, to the progression of an individual volcanic episode through an initial ash-flow phase followed by the effusion of viscous lava, all emanating from the central vent.     

南华北盆地群地温场研究

本文根据在南华北地区收集到的13口井的系统测温资料，结合该地区已公开发表的地热资料，对南华北盆地群的地温梯度分布特征进行了研究；同时依据前人的热导率资料，对南华北盆地群的大地热流分布特征进行了研究.分析结果表明，南华北盆地群现今地温梯度变化范围一般为13.0～39.9℃/km之间,平均25.3℃/km.大地热流值在30～89.6 mW/m2之间,平均热流值为53.7mW/m2.和中国东、西部盆地现今地温相比，整体表现为一温盆.总体而言，坳陷区热流及地温梯度较小，而隆起区相对较高，横向差异明显.地温场平面展布主体为NW—NWW向，与盆地构造格局一致.地温梯度与大地热流的分布受构造格局的控制，新生代构造—热事件决定了盆地群的现今地温场特征.     

冲绳海槽南部基底构造特征

利用最新的重磁数据对冲绳海槽南部的基底构造进行了推断解释，研究表明，在冲绳海槽南部，莫霍面构造为一南北两端高，中间低的鞍状构造，地壳厚度在15.5~21 km之间变化.基底深度一般在4~6 km之间变化，表现为南段深度大，北段深度小，在北西向断裂系的作用下，基底局部构造大都成北西向展布，说明冲绳海槽早期的北东向带状构造受到了后期的北西向构造活动的强烈改造作用.在冲绳海槽南部发育有两条沿北北东向展布的火成岩带，一条分布在冲绳海槽扩张轴以东及琉球岛弧西侧下坡；另一条分布在冲绳海槽与琉球岛弧隆褶带的结合部位，火成岩主要是由北东向构造活动产生的，而与北西向断裂关系不密切.     

Heat budget of the surface mixed layer south of Africa

ARGO hydrographic profiles, two hydrographic transects and satellite measurements of air–sea exchange parameters were used to characterize the properties and seasonal heat budget variations of the Surface Mixed Layer (SML) south of Africa. The analysis distinguishes the Subtropical domain (STZ) and the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) and Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. While no Subantarctic Mode Water forms in that region, occurrences of deep SML (up to ∼450 m) are observed in the SAZ in anticyclones detached from the Agulhas Current retroflection or Agulhas Return Current. These are present latitudinally throughout the SAZ, but preferentially at longitudes 10–20° E where, according to previous results, the Subtropical Front is interrupted. Likely owing to this exchange window and to transfers at the Subantarctic Front also enhanced by the anticyclones, the SAZ shows a wide range of properties largely encroaching upon those of the neighbouring domains. Heat budget computations in each zone reveal significant meridional changes of regime. While air–sea heat fluxes dictate the heat budget seasonal variability everywhere, heat is mostly brought through lateral geostrophic advection by the Agulhas Current in the STZ, through lateral diffusion in the SAZ and through air–sea fluxes in the PFZ and AZ. The cooling contributions are by Ekman advection everywhere, lateral diffusion in the STZ (also favoured by the ∼10° breach in the Subtropical Front) and geostrophic advection in the SAZ. The latter likely reflects an eastward draining of water warmed through mixing of the subtropical eddies.     

Variability of the Subtropical Front in the Indian Ocean south of Australia

A detailed high resolution survey of a small region (68 × 68 km) of the Subtropical Front south of Australia over a period of 14 days is used to study the interaction between the mixed layer and the permanent frontal structure underneath during summer conditions. The front extends through the mixed layer as a salinity front, while its temperature structure is modified by seasonal warming. Wind-driven movement of the mixed layer combines with the short-time development of indentations and filaments in the front to produce some degree of decoupling between the mixed layer and the underlying structure, and the front is not always found at the same location in and below the mixed layer. Intrusions and parcels of distinct water properties are found just below the mixed layer, produced as a result of the relative movement of the front in and below the mixed layer. These parcels are typically 10 km in width and 10–50 m in depth. Successive surveys of the front with a time separation of 2 days showed that these features persist over at least 1 week. Large scale surveys of the front show that parcels are ubiquitous along the Subtropical Front over a distance of several hundred kilometres. The results suggest that any study aimed at understanding the intricate interaction between the mixed layer and the layers below in oceanic fronts will have to address wind-driven dynamics and frontal dynamics together.This revised version was published online February 2005 with corrections to figures. Unfortunately the figures were reproduced in black and white and in the new version they are in color.     

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in gulls from the Baltic south coast

Polychlorinated terphenyls among organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in some gulls from the Gdańsk Bay, Baltic Sea.     

Structure and evolution of the sea floor south of South Africa

Geophysical results from the continental margin south of South Africa are consistent with a fault-controlled origin for the steep, linear continental slope. Accepting that the faulting was most probably of the shear type, caused by the transcurrent motion of the Falkland Plateau past South Africa, a model for the evolution of the sea floor adjacent to the margin is proposed. In this model the Agulhas Plateau is considered to be an oceanic feature, possibly an abandoned sea-floor spreading centre.     

Short-range prediction experiments of the Kuroshio path variabilities south of Japan

Assimilation and prediction experiments of the Kuroshio path variability south of Japan were conducted to investigate the predictability of the Kuroshio path. The assimilation and prediction system is composed of an eddy-resolving model and a three-dimensional variational analysis scheme with vertical coupled temperature–salinity empirical orthogonal function modes. The sea surface height (SSH) variability and the variations of the Kuroshio path of the assimilation fields are in good agreement with those observed. The results of the assimilation are then used as the initial conditions for 138 cases of 90-day prediction experiments conducted from 1993 to 2004. The predictive limit of our system is assessed by the SSH anomaly in the assimilation field and is found to be around 40–60 days, which is much longer than that of the persistence. The prediction results show good performance in the transition stage from a straight to a meandering path. For example, a large meandering event that occurred in August 2004 is successfully predicted in a 2-month forecast. Two types of failure cases are investigated. One is a case where the eastward propagation speed of the meander is faster than a real state. The dynamical response of the model to the assimilation revealed that an initial shock, caused by the dynamically unbalanced initial condition, induces the fast eastward propagation of the meander. The other case exhibits an unrealistic meander. In this case, a cold anomaly at an intermediate layer in the initial condition grows rapidly and results in the unrealistic meander. This implies that the Kuroshio path south of Japan has a chaotic nature. These facts revealed by the failure cases give us some insight for improving the predictive skill of the Kuroshio path variability.