京津冀地区地壳应力场特征

基于标量断层类型值,对京津冀地区及邻区2 187个中小地震震源机制解进行分类,统计结果显示研究区震源机制类型以走滑断层和正断层为主,P轴优势方位为NEE—EW和SWW—EW向;采用MSATSI软件包反演该区1°×1°网格的精细地壳应力场,结果表明:最大主压应力轴最优解的优势方向为NEE—EW向,与P轴优势方位一致;所有网格的相对应力大小R值均小于0.5,表明京津冀地区应力状态偏拉张性质,而且最小主压应力轴的不确定度变化范围相对稳定,表明现今京津冀地区地壳应力场处于一个相对统一的NNW—SSE向的拉张作用控制下。39°N以北地区最大主压应力轴方位最优解显示一定角度的偏转,同时最大、中等、最小主压应力轴最优解推断的应力状态由西向东存在一个正断层—走滑断层—正断层的转换过程;而39°N以南地区的现今构造应力场保持稳定,最优主压应力轴呈NEE—SWW向,大部分网格应力状态显示走滑型。构造应力场的反演结果与活动构造、GPS主应变方向和剪切波分裂的快波偏振方向等相关研究结果基本一致。     

利用GPS和震源机制解研究青藏块体东北部构造应力场方向变化特征

利用1970年以来至今青藏块体东北部大量的震源机制解，分时间统计其主压应力方位并求其归一化分布。根据P轴的优势分布方位，推测其主压应力方向。同时，借助有限元方法，利用GPS大地水平形变观测资料，把1999年以来青藏块体东北部大量的GPS资料经过解算，计算其最大主应变率场及最大剪切应变率场。将震源机制解P轴的主压应力方向和GPS计算的最大主应力方向进行对比，分析青藏块体东北部构造应力场随时空的变化特点及时空差异性，探讨震源机制解P轴的优势分布方位、GPS资料的最大主应力方向与地震孕育之间的关系。     

利用小震和GPS资料分析冷龙岭地区现今变形过程与地震活动

利用小震资料对冷龙岭地区主要断裂的几何结构进行了研究,结合利用震源机制解反演的区域构造应力场和利用GPS资料计算的应变率场,分析探讨冷龙岭地区的地壳变形特征。结果表明：①冷龙岭地区的主压应力方向为NE向,与GPS主压应变率方向一致。应变率场峰值位于冷龙岭断裂以北的民乐一大马营断裂附近,然而该区域小震活动弱。②皇城一双塔...     

汶川、 芦山地震前后四川地区应力场时空演化

基于四川地区2000年1月~2014年6月M_L≥3.0地震震源机制解, 首先分析了四川地区各次级地块和不同断裂带的地震震源机制类型及整体应力场特征, 其次以汶川8.0级、 芦山7.0级地震为例, 研究两次强震发生前后四川各次级地块的主压应力时空演化特征。 获得的主要认识为: ① 四川各次级地块的地震震源机制比较紊乱, 反映了块体内部构造的复杂性, 而断裂带的地震震源机制则相对比较单一, 与其运动类型一致; ② 四川各次级地块及断裂带的整体应力方向比较一致, 优势方位呈现NW和NWW向, 倾角接近水平; ③ 汶川8.0级、 芦山7.0级地震发生前, 震中所在的龙门山断裂带中南段及川青地块的主压应力方位均出现过较好的一致性, 而在芦山地震后, 龙门山断裂带及川青、 川中地块的主压应力优势方位则转变为NE向。     

关中盆地地壳应力场特征分析

通过收集整理关中盆地1972-2018年中小地震的震源机制解,分析其震源破裂类型与空间分布特征,反演得到关中盆地地壳应力场特征为:最大主压应力轴方位261.8°,倾角48.8°;中等主压应力轴方位74.3°,倾角40.9°;最小主压应力轴方位167.4°,倾角3.7°。同时结合活动构造,探讨关中盆地构造变形和强震发生的动力学机制。     

首都圈地区震源机制解综合研究

对首都圈地区2002年1月～2010年6月619个ML≥2.0地震的震源机制解的基本特征进行了统计分析,并且依据区域构造特征将首都圈划分为3个区域,用聚类统计方法中的最长距离法对各分区的机制解进行了聚类分析,研究了各分区的构造应力张量特征。研究结果表明,首都圈地区震源机制解P轴方位的优势分布为NNE-NEE向,T轴方位的优势分布为NNW-NWW向,绝大多数地震震源处的应力场以水平作用为主,破裂以水平走滑为主。首都圈西部最大主压应力方位为NE75°,中部最大主压应力方位为NE62°,东部最大主压应力方位近EW向,区域构造应力场以水平向挤压为主要特征。     

东大别地区现代构造应力场空间分布特征研究

搜集了东大别地区震源机制解资料,利用应力张量平均法、FMSI法计算得出该地区的现代构造应力场空间分布特征并加以分析。结果表明:多数地区最大主压应力轴方位为近EW或NEE向,最小主压应力轴方位为近NS或NNW向,应力轴的倾角较小;应力张量平均法计算结果显示西边界的最大主压应力轴方位为91°,东边界的最大主压应力轴方位为267°;FMSI方法计算结果显示,西边界的最大主压应力轴方位为87°,东边界的最大主压应力轴方位为260°。     

中国大陆活动地块的运动与应变状态

从地壳运动与应变的角度给出了活动地块的定义,根据中国大陆及周边地区最近几年GPS观测得到的由1598个GPS站速度组成的统一速度场,估计了各个活动地块的运动与应变参数,分析了各个活动地块的运动与应变状态。中国大陆各地块存在一致的向东运动分量,但其南北分量是不一致的。西部地块存在一致的向北运动分量,东部地块存在一致的向南运动分量。在90°E以东,从喜马拉雅地块向NE方向,各地块的运动方向按顺时针方向旋转,各地块的运动速率是不相同的。从总体上看是西部大、东部小,南部大、北部小,西部大约是东部的3～4倍。各地块主压应变方向的空间分布是不相同的。在90°E以西各地块的主应变方向基本上为SN向,在青藏高原的东北部各地块的主压应变方向基本为NE向,在青藏高原东南部各地块的主压应变方向绕喜马拉雅构造东端顺时针方向旋转。各地块的主应变与剪应变率也是不同的,其中喜马拉雅、天山地块的主压和最大剪应变率最高,其次是拉萨、羌塘、滇西南、祁连与川滇地块。东部各地块的应变率较小。根据应变状态推测,喜马拉雅地块南北向的缩短速率为(15.2±1.5)mm/a,仍然是现今构造活动最强烈的地区,其次是天山地块,天山地块南北向的缩短速率为(10.1±0.9)mm/a。这两个地块目前仍处于隆升状态,从面应变看,面膨胀在中国大陆占优势,东部基本都是膨胀区,在西部面压缩与面膨胀从南向北相间分布。中国大陆的大多数东西向或近东西向断裂两侧的相对运动都是左旋或类似左旋走滑型的,大多数南北向断裂两侧的相对运动都是右旋或类似右旋走滑型的。GPS测定的阿尔金断裂中部的左旋走滑速为(4.8±1.3)mm/a,鲜水河断裂的左旋走滑速为(9.8±2.2)mm/a。地块边界断裂带的运动为地块运动创造了条件,地块及其边界的运动是协调一致的统一的,各个地块的活动程度是不相同的,统计检验结果表明,大多数地块之间的相对运动是显著的与非常显著的,这证明活动地块是客观存在的,喜马拉雅、拉萨、天山、羌塘和滇西南是活动最强烈的地块,中蒙、中朝西、阿拉善和华南是较稳定的地块,印度、太平洋、菲律宾板块与欧亚板块的互相作用力是中国大陆地块运动的主要驱动力。青藏高原地壳物质在印度板块NNE向的强烈推挤下,向NNE和NE方向运动,由于受到北部、东北部和东部地块的阻挡,经高原的东南部向印度洋方向运移,     

基于GPS应变与震源机制解应力反演喜马拉雅构造带现今地壳形变特征

喜马拉雅构造带及其临近区域是印度板块与欧亚大陆板块挤压碰撞的前缘地带.本文利用GPS实测速度场与震源机制解数据分别计算了研究区域现今地壳岩石圈表面的GPS应变场及岩石圈内部的主应力分布,研究了印度板块持续挤压作用下板块边界带地壳岩石圈现今地壳形变的空间分布特征.结果显示,南北向的剧烈挤压变形与东西向的拉伸变形是现今青藏高原南缘地壳岩石圈的主要变形特征.其中南北向的地壳挤压变形主要集中在主前缘冲断带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间.东西方向上,南北走向的亚东—谷露断裂是区域地壳东西向伸展变形的重要分界断裂.75°E是研究区域地壳形变的另一条显著不连续边界,其西侧地壳主压应变强度低、方向弥散且最大主压应力方向一致性较差,而东侧地壳主压应变方向与主压应力方向以及地壳水平运动速度场方向均具有较好的一致性.布格重力异常的小波多尺度辨析结果显示该分界带与循喜马拉雅西构造结楔入欧亚大陆的印度板块密切相关.     

中国大陆活动地块与强震活动关系

研究了中国大陆各Ⅰ级活动地块区强震活动特点, 包括强震活动的总体水平、地震应变能释放速率、震级频度关系、震源破裂特性和地震应力场特征等, 以及由GPS资料给出的各活动地块运动变形特征, 如各地块运动的速度、地块变形的应变速率、最大主压应变方向、地块运动变形中的张、压状态等. 在此基础上, 对中国陆区Ⅰ级活动地块区的强震活动特点和地壳运动变形性状进行对比研究, 给出各活动地块的构造动力环境及其运动变形的性状决定其地震活动的总体状况, 包括: 活动地块现今地壳运动变形的应变速率与地震应变能释放呈线性相关; 由震源机制给出的各活动地块的地震应力场与由GPS观测给出的现今地壳运动应变(应力)场的同一性, 以及震源破裂类型与地壳形变张、压状态的一致性等. 这些结果显示了中国大陆活动地块及其运动性状对强震孕育发生的控制作用.     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

三峡地区地震震源机制解初步研究

根据三峡与邻近地区实际天然地震数据,利用GMT软件绘制出三峡地区两次地震的震源机制解。绘制出了三峡地区1964年以来地震震中分布情况,以及频率变化。震源机制解以及三峡与邻近地区断层资料显示出该地区受到西藏块体、四川盆地、川滇块体与鄂尔多斯地块的共同挤压作用,三峡及邻区的现今水平构造应力场的主压应力轴为北东东向,是喜马拉雅期构造应力场的继续。近东西向的向东移动显示出该地区可能为青藏高原地幔物质向东"逃逸"的通道之一。根据水库蓄水前后震源机制解资料反映的震源机制变化,认为蓄水对于三峡及邻区应力场在垂向上有一定的影响。     

汶川MS8.0地震孕育发生的机制与动力学问题

2008年5月12日四川省汶川县发生了MS8.0强烈地震.发震断层是龙门山断裂带的映秀—北川断裂.分析震前的GPS速度场发现,从巴颜喀拉块体西部到龙门山断裂带沿大约N103°E方向的缩短速率为13.0 mm/a,龙门山断裂带的右旋走滑速率1.1 mm/a,断裂带处于闭锁状态.四川盆地沿大约N103°E方向有少量的压缩变形,而沿SW方向有少量的拉张变形.同震位移场显示,这次地震可能是巴颜喀拉块体SE向逆冲与四川盆地NW向俯冲同时发生的.应变场分析发现,震前震中区的主压与主张应变率分别为-30.840×10^-9/a与13.956×10^-9/a,主压应变轴N105.4°E与震源机制解得到的主压应力轴的方向N103°E一致.由本文提出的应力-应变机制得到的断层滑动方向和走向与地表破裂调查和震源机制解得到的结果一致.印度、太平洋和菲律宾海板块与欧洲板块的相互作用是龙门山断裂带积累弹性应变能和孕育汶川地震的长期作用力.苏门达腊大地震使青藏高原和华南块体的相互作用加强,促进了汶川地震的发生.     

Preliminary Study on the Horizontal Crustal Deformation in Chinese Continent

In the paper, the current strain field and stress field in Chinese continent have been discussedbased on the processed data from two GPS campaigns of national GPS network carried out inthe years of 1994 and 1996. With a principal compressional strain direction of NNE, thewestern and castern parts of Qinghai-Xizang subplate are dominated by extensional straiu andthe central Part by compressional strain. Along the southwestern segment of southeastern partof Qinghai-Xizang subplate, i. e. Yunnan area, the princiPal compressional strain direction isNW and the compressional strain is equivalent to the extensional strain in magnitude. Theprincipal compressional strain of Xinjiang subplate is mainly NNE and NE with a difference inthe strain magnitude. The principal compressional strain in North China subplate is quite effective in NE and nearly EW directions with differences along some segments. However, thecompressional strain is corresponding to the extensional strain in magnitude in most areas. Theprincipal     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90°E is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2 ± 1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1 ± 0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8 ± 1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8 ± 2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

中国大陆及其周边地区应力场特征

本文收集了1976—2018年发生在中国大陆及其周边地区(15°~55°N, 65°~125°E)的4303个地震震源机制解, 分析了该区震源机制解和P、 T轴空间分布特征, 并使用这些震源机制解, 反演得到了中国大陆及周边地区二维构造应力场分布。 应力场反演结果表明, 云南大部、 青藏高原大部以及华北华南大部以走滑型应力性质为主, 印度洋板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞控制着中国西部地区, 大量的逆断型地震集中分布在青藏高原周缘和西域活动地块的天山地区。 青藏高原内部也存在正断型地震, 且应力场方向在26°N发生了很大的变化。 位于青藏高原东构造线以南的滇缅活动块体, 最大主压应力σ₁方向在大致100°E发生突变, 由以西的NNE方向偏转到NNW方向。 中国东部的东北块体到华北块体再到华南块体, 最大主压应力方向有一个从NE向逐渐转变成EW向再变化到NW向的旋转趋势。 应力场总体结果表明, 中国东部应力场主要受到太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对欧亚大陆俯冲的作用, 中国西部主要受印度板块向北碰撞欧亚大陆的影响, 块体内部相互作用、 块体与断裂带相互作用也对应力场变化产生影响。     

应用震源机制方法研究鹤岗煤田开采区的构造应力环境

求解鹤岗强矿震震源机制解结果,表现出走滑伴随逆断层和正断层活动、非双力偶型的多样性。两组节面优势分布方向和节面的倾角优势分布不显著,两者分布无明显规律,反映出矿井下破裂面比较复杂。矿震震源主压应力释放优势方向北西310°左右,优势倾角为25°～60°;主张应力轴走向NE,主张应力场优势方向为北东60°左右,仰角在30～70°之间;中等应力轴(N)近于垂直,优势倾角为70～90°。矿震震源机制解显示的矿区最大主应力方向与区域构造应力场的最大主应力方向近似正交,矿震震源机制主应力轴优势倾角远大于区域构造地震,反映的是矿区采煤生产的次生构造应力环境重力应力场的贡献明显。     

对中国大陆地壳水平变形的初步探索

根据全国ＧＰＳ网１９９４和１９９６年两期观测资料的处理结果,讨论了中国大陆地区现阶段应变场和应力场。青藏亚板块的西部和东部张应变起主导作用,中部压应变占优势,主压应变方向为北北东向;青藏亚板块东南部东南段云南地区的主压应变方向为北西向,压应变和张应变量级相当。新疆亚板块的主压应役北北东向至北东向为主,应变量存在差别。华北亚板块的主压应变方向是北东至近东西向为主导,局部地段存在差别,大部分地区压应变     

南北地震带区域构造应力场反演

利用区域应力张量阻尼方法,使用南北地震带及其邻近区域2009年1月—2017年8月466次M_L≥3.5地震的震源机制解,及1976年1月—2017年8月GCMT公布的259次M≥4.5地震的震源机制解,反演得到研究区1.0°×1.0°网格大小区域的构造应力场。应力场空间分布特征显示,南北地震带作为青藏高原的东边界,由于所处动力环境复杂,其内部最大主应力方向具有明显的空间差异性。这种差异主要表现为:南北地震带北段最大主应力方向为NE向;南北地震带中段及周边除龙门山断裂带NE段最大主应力为NW-NNW向外,其它地段最大主应力近EW向;南北地震带中南段最大主应力方向逐渐由近EW向到NW或NE向,再到近NS向。整体而言,南北地震带及邻近区域最大主应力方向由北到南发生了顺时针旋转。川滇菱形块体内部最大主应力方向为NNW向,应力方向转换带与块体边界基本一致,其东边界以东最大主应力方向为NW向,西边界以西为NNE向。从区域构造应力场的角度分析,难以将“南北地震带”作为一个统一的地震带应用于中长期地震预测的研究与实践中。