和静5.2级地震前呼图壁台前兆手段异常及短临预报

0 前言 1991年6月6日16时02分6.1秒在和静县阿拉沟附近(北纬42°41′,东经87°15′)发生了一次M_s5.2级地震。地震震中距21号温泉90km左右,距呼图壁台150km。震前呼图壁地震台的21号温泉动水位、23号井水位、跨断层短水准测量、水平断层仪等前兆手段出现了前兆异常,根据对这些异常的跟踪分析,对这次地震做出了较好的短临预报,收到了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

兴海6．6级地震前海东地区前兆资料异常特征

20 0 0年 9月 1 2日在青海省海南州兴海县以北 ( 3 5°1 5′N ,99°3 0′E)发生了Ms6 6级地震 ,随后又发生多次余震 ,其中 5级以上强余震 5次。兴海地震前青海省海东地区所属台站的一些前兆观测项目均出现了不同程度的异常 ,分析与研究这些异常特征对于及早发现地震异常信息、预报地震以及减轻地震灾害有着重要的意义     

张北6.2级地震前后地震波速比在源区与场区的变化特征

计算了 1 991年～ 1 999年发生在北纬 3 9°0 0′～ 42°0 0′,东经 1 1 2°3 0′～ 1 1 6°0 0′范围内的ML≥ 2 .0级地震的波速比 ,分析了张北 6 .2级地震前后源区与场区波速比的时空变化特征及其差异 ,发现 6 .2级地震前源区和场区波速比在时间分布上都出现较明显的低值异常 :下降—低值—平静—恢复—发震过程。在空间分布上低值异常比较集中和同步。对计算结果进行了 t检验 ,源区与场区波速比的时空变化及 t检验表明 6 .2级地震前源区与场区波速比异常非常明显 ,场区 1 995年开始出现波速比在正负之间比较大的变化后持续低值。 6 .2级地震后源区和场区的波速比计算结果一致 ,时空变化均为正常     

2003年10月25日甘肃省西部发生6.1级和5.8级地震

据中国地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 3年 1 0月 2 5日北京时间 2 0时 4 1分和 2 0时 4 8分在甘肃省西部民乐、山丹间发生 2次破坏性地震。第 1次地震为 6 .1级 (38.4°N ,1 0 1 .2°E) ;第2次地震为 5.8级 (38.4°N ,1 0 1 .1°E)。这 2次地震的震中距甘肃省张掖市 90km ,距武威市 1 4 0km。地震有感范围大 ,其中附近的张掖、酒泉、武威、金昌等城市均强烈有感 ;兰州以及邻近省份的省会西宁、银川等地也普遍有感。主震后 ,余震不断 ,当天就发生余震 30 0多次。地震灾害波及永固、民联、洪水、顺化、南丰等乡村及周边乡镇村的 1 1 1 80 4人。截至 1…     

征稿启事

20 0 4年3月2 4日9时53分,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗与西乌珠穆沁旗之间( 4 5 4°N ,1 1 8 2°W )发生了里氏5 9级地震。发生地震的内蒙古震区地处牧区,人口相对稀少。本次地震震中距东乌珠穆沁旗、西乌珠穆沁旗均约1 0 0km ,距霍林郭勒市区约1 1 0km ,距锡林浩特市区约2 30km。河北承德、辽宁朝阳、吉林白城等地有感。震中距离北京市约50 0km ,地震的余波传到北京市,产生震感。锡盟地震波及锡盟、赤峰、通辽北部的8个旗县市区。灾区共有2 1 4所中小学的52 4 6间、约1 32 2 1 3m2 校舍受损,造成直接经济损失6 1 0 0万元。其中:受损严重…     

苍山5.2级地震异常群体时空演化特征

在对 1 995年山东省苍山 5 2级地震异常筛选的基础上 ,分析了异常群体阶段性演化过程。结果表明 ,震前 1 0a左右震中周围出现小震小区域综合断层面解主压应力P轴偏转 (约 3 0°) ,震前 7a左右震中附近 3～ 4级地震增强集中及应变释放加速 ;震前 4a左右转为异常平静 ;震前 1a左右震中外围开始出现形变类前兆异常 ,前兆异常台站比和异常台项比约达 6%及 4%左右 ,异常比例偏少 ;震前约半年起 ,以震中附近地震波速比异常出现为起点 ,相继出现各类前兆异常 6条 ,短期前兆异常台站比和异常台项比分别约达 2 5 %和 1 7%左右 ,显示孕震进入短期阶段 ,但临震异常不明显。对由此获得的 5级地震预测启示进行了讨论。     

2002年5月15日台湾6.5级地震震源参数

据中国地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 2年 5月 1 5日北京时间 1 1时 46分在台湾苏澳以东海域( 2 4.5°N,1 2 2 .1°E)发生 MS6.5地震。震中距苏澳约 2 5km,距台北约 80 km。据报道 ,福建、浙江部分沿海地区有震感。我们利用 CDSN的 6个台站的数字波形资料初步反演了该震的震源参数 ,结果如下 :最佳双力偶解节面 :走向 1 0 9°,倾角 84°,滑动角 3°;节面 :走向 1 9°,倾角 87°,滑动角 1 74°。应力轴T轴 :本征值 4.8,方位 3 3 4°;仰角 7°;N轴 :本征值 -0 .4,方位 1 68°;仰角 83°;P轴 :本征值 -2 .9,方位 64°;仰角 2°。标准地震矩 :M0 =…     

1999年9月14日四川省绵竹清平5.0级地震前区域地震活动

1　空间分布我们采用四川省地震台网目录资料 ,选取发生在北纬 3 0°3 0′～ 3 0°5 0′,东经 1 0 3°5 0′～1 0 5°1 0′德阳及邻区内的地震 ,对 1 970年以来的资料进行了分析。据统计 ,1 970年至 1 999年1 0月 ,该区发生 3 .0级以上地震共 85次 (图1 )。 1 999年 9月 1 4日绵竹清平 5 .0级地震为图 1　德阳地区 M≥ 3.0地震分布图近 3 0年来的最大地震 ,其次是 1 970年 3月 2 2日什邡、绵竹九顶山间 4.9级地震。历史上最大的地震为 1 95 8年 2月 8日绵竹 (微观震中 )6.2级地震 ,宏观震中为北川 ,震害较为严重。2　频次异常从 M-t、 N -…     

本月新闻

伊朗中北部发生强烈地震　　2 0 0 4年5月2 8日1 2时38分4 6秒(国际时) ,伊朗中北部发生了强烈地震。据德黑兰大学地球物理学研究所测定,此次地震的震级为里氏5 5级,震中位于马赞达兰省恰卢斯市郊区的巴拉代镇。美国国家地震信息中心(NEIC)公布的结果为:震中位于51 582°E ,36 2 74°N ,震源深度为2 8 5km ,震级为MS6 4 ;中国国家数字地震台网的快报结果为:震中位于36 32°N ,51 0 0°E ,震源深度为55km ,震级为MS6 6 )。震中距伊朗首都德黑兰大约70km ,距马赞达兰省首府沙里约1 35km。从伊朗里海各省到中部和西北部的8个省都有…     

东北地区2003年第四季度M_L≥3.0地震目录

Theearthquakes (ML≥3 0 )catalogueofFouthquarterinnortheasternarea ,2 0 0 3序号发震时间地　震　位　置月日时　分　秒北纬东经地　点震级(ML)深度(km) 精度1 1 0 92 3 5 3 3 5 5 41°3 6′1 2 5°40′吉林省通化市3 9Ⅰ2 1 0 1 0 2 1 3 42 9 941°3 6′1 2 5°45′吉林省通化市3 7Ⅰ3 1 0 1 3 1 71 1 5 9 2 3 6°5 8′1 2 6°0 5′黄海4 0Ⅱ41 0 1 61 2 441 1 3 41°3 5′1 2 0°2 5′辽宁省朝阳市3 2 1 1Ⅰ5 1 0 2 5 1 90 2 42 841°5 4′1 2 8°1 5′吉林省长白山3 0Ⅰ东北地区2003年第四季度M_L≥3.0地震目录$辽宁数字…     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.