邢台地震区浅部构造特征及其与深部构造的耦合关系

根据邢台7-2 级和6-8 级地震震中区的浅层和超浅层地震勘探结果,查明了震中区浅部铲形断裂的性质及活动年代,认为新河断裂(F1) 自晚更新世以来已不再活动,它不是发震断裂。另外,结合该区深地震反射剖面和深地震测深剖面结果,讨论了震中区的深浅部构造形态及它们的相互关系,从而确定了发震断裂应为震源之下的高倾角超壳断裂①。邢台地震的发生是由于地幔岩浆的上侵作用产生附加应力场,并与区域构造应力场共同作用使该断裂重新活动,引发了邢台地震,并引起浅部断层及地表物质的运动     

1966年邢台地震群的发震构造模型——新生断层形成?先存活断层摩擦粘滑?

通过对邢台地震极震区浅层探测、新生代深浅构造运动的分期、地壳上地幔结构特征剖析及其与震源参数的对比等研究,指出邢台地震区控制早第三纪盆岭构造发育的铲形断裂及其下部向东缓倾的滑脱面与邢台地震的发生无关;邢台地震群是在最新构造应力场作用下,受北西向断层或横向障碍体阻隔的不连续“深断裂”依次向上撕裂状破裂扩展、引起相邻斜列状深断裂间应力迁移和加载等三维破裂过程的产物;邢台地震断层是先存地壳“深断裂”向上撕裂状扩展的“新生断层”。     

Seismotectonic Model for 1966 Xingtai Earthquake Swarm——Nucleation of Newly Generated Fault or Friction Stick-slip Along a Preexisting Active Fault

Volume 15,Number 275INTRODUCTIONThe Xln抄al eafthquake swarrn occurred In Shulu basin In the western part ofNorih China PlainIncludes Malan M6．8 eafthquake In hn纽M Countyon Marchs,1966,Don驯aug M6．7 and M7．2earthquakes In Ningln County on March 22,1966,Balchekou M6．2 ealthquake In Shulu County onMarch 26,1966,and啊…ac M6．0 earthquake in Juhi County on March 29 1966．They aredlstnbutedin an elliptical area in N35”E direction with long axisd劝out 110 km and short axis o…     

THE SOURCE PARAMETERS AND SEISMOTECTONIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SEPTEMBER 4, 2017 ML4.4 LINCHENG EARTHQUAKE

At 3:05, September 4, 2017, an M_L4.4 earthquake occurred in Lincheng County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, which was felt obviously by surrounding areas. Approximately 60km away from the hypocenter of Xingtai M_S7.2 earthquake in 1966, this event is the most noticeable earthquake in this area in recent years. On the one hand, people are still shocked by the 1966 Xingtai earthquake that caused huge disaster, on the other hand, Lincheng County is lack of strong earthquakes. Therefore, this quake has aroused widespread concerns by the government, society and seismologists. It is necessary to clarify whether the seismogenic structure of this event is consistent with the previous seismicity and whether it has any new implications for the seismic activity and seismic hazard in this region. Therefore, it is of great significance to study its seismogenic mechanism for understanding the earthquake activity in Xingtai region where a M_S7.2 earthquake had occurred in 1966. In this study, the Lincheng earthquake and its aftershocks are relocated using the multi-step locating method, and the focal mechanism and focal depth are determined by the "generalized Cut and Paste"(gCAP)method. The reliability of the results is analyzed based on the data of Hebei regional seismic network. In order to better constrain the focal depth, the depth phase sPL fitting method is applied to the relocation of focal depth. The inversion and constraint results show that aftershocks are mainly distributed along NE direction and dip to SE direction as revealed by depth profiles. Focal depths of aftershocks are concentrated in the depths of 6.5~8.2km with an average of about 7km. The best double-couple solution of the mainshock is 276°, 69° and -40° for strike, dip and slip angle for nodal plane I and 23°, 53° and -153° for nodal plane Ⅱ, respectively, revealing that it is a strike-slip event with a small amount of normal-fault component. The initial rupture depth of mainshock is about 7.5km obtained by the relocation while the centroid depth is 6km derived from gCAP method which was also verified by the seismic depth phase sPL observed by several stations, indicating the earthquake is ruptured from deep to shallow. Combined with the research results on regional geological structure and the seismic sequence relocation results, it is concluded that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault plane of this earthquake. There are several active faults around the hypocenter of Lincheng earthquake sequence, however, none of the known faults on the current understanding is completely consistent with the seismogenic fault. To determine the seismogenic mechanism, the lucubrated research of the M_S7.2 Xingtai earthquake in 1966 could provide a powerful reference. The seismic tectonic characteristics of the 1966 Xingtai earthquake sequence could be summarized as follows:There are tensional fault in the shallow crust and steep dip hidden fault in the middle and lower crust, however, the two faults are not connected but separated by the shear slip surfaces which are widely distributed in the middle crust; the seismic source is located between the hidden fault in the lower crust and the extensional fault in the upper crust; the earthquake began to rupture in the deep dip fault in the mid-lower crust and then ruptured upward to the extensional fault in the shallow crust, and the two fault systems were broken successively. From the earthquake rupture revealed by the seismic sequence location, the Lincheng earthquake also has the semblable feature of rupturing from deep to shallow. However, due to the much smaller magnitude of this event than that of the 1966 earthquake, the accumulated stress was not high enough to tear the fracture of the detachment surface whose existence in Lincheng region was confirmed clearly by the results of Lincheng-Julu deep reflection seismology and reach to the shallower fault. Therefore, by the revelation of the seismogenic mechanism of the 1966 Xingtai earthquake, the seismogenic fault of Lincheng earthquake is presumed to be a concealed fault possessing a potential of both strike-slip and small normal faulting component and located below the detachment surface in Lincheng area. The tectonic significance indicated by this earthquake is that the event was a stress adjustment of the deep fault and did not lead to the rupture of the shallow fault. Therefore, this area still has potential seismic hazard to a certain extent.     

伽师强震群区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究

穿过伽师强震群的深地震反射剖面提供了研究区从地表直至莫霍界面的地壳细结构图像.探测结果表明：研究区上、下地壳分界面埋深约20～30 km，莫霍界面埋深约52～58 km.上地壳内部存在着两种截然不同的反射图像.上地壳上部为沉积盖层，厚度约8～9 km，盖层内部反射成层分布，显示了稳定而连续的沉积特点；上地壳下部则为“反射透明”背景下存在的叠层状反射带.下地壳内部呈现明显的反射性质，具体体现在上、下地壳分界面和莫霍间断面都表现为具有一定持续时间的多循环反射叠层结构特征.时间剖面上所有反射事件由北东向南西下倾的整体图像直观地反映了塔里木盆地地壳变形而向西昆仑下插入的事实.剖面47km桩号附近，上地壳下部至壳幔过渡带以上地壳范围内存在一条高倾角的深断裂，具有走滑性质，本研究认为该深断裂与1997年伽师强震群的发生密切相关，推断它为伽师强震群的发震构造.而时间剖面上壳幔过渡带反射的连续性则说明该断裂没有向下穿过莫霍面.存在于上地壳上部的两条高倾角的浅部断层可能对应于地质推测的麦盖提—下苏洪断裂带，它们与位于其下方的地壳深断裂构成了伽师强震群可能的深、浅构造关系.     

三河-平谷8.0级地震区地壳结构和活动断裂研究——利用单次覆盖深反射和浅层地震剖面

跨1679年三河-平谷8.0级地震区完成的单次覆盖深地震反射剖面和浅层地震反射剖面,揭示了三河-平谷地震区的地壳结构和断裂的深、浅构造特征.结果表明,该区地壳以TWT6～7 s左右的强反射带为界分为上地壳和下地壳,上地壳厚约18～21 km,下地壳厚约13～15 km.剖面揭示的地壳深断裂和浅部活动断裂具有上下一致的对...     

深反射剖面揭示的芦山7.0级地震发震构造

芦山地震发生在龙门山断裂带前缘.关于芦山地震的发震断层,有的认为是前山断裂——双石—大川断裂,有的认为是山前断裂——大邑断裂拟或其他隐伏断裂,发震断裂究竟是哪条断裂以及芦山地震是不是汶川地震的余震?目前仍存在较大争议.震后穿过芦山地震区完成了一条长近40km的深地震反射剖面,以确定芦山地震的发震构造.反射剖面显示浅部褶皱和断裂构造发育,在上地壳存在6条逆冲断裂,下地壳存在一条非常明显的变形转换带,在深度16km左右还存在一个滑脱层,浅部的6条断裂最终都归并到该滑脱层上.参考主余震精定位结果,芦山地震的发震断裂应该是位于双石—大川断裂和大邑断裂之间的隐伏断裂F4,F2和F3断裂受控于发震断裂而活动,形成剖面上"Y"字型余震分布现象.隐伏断裂F4属山前断裂,不是前山断裂,因此芦山地震不是汶川地震的余震.     

唐山地震区地壳结构和构造:深地震反射剖面结果

1976年7月28日,在唐山地区发生了7.8级大地震.为了研究该区的地壳结构和断裂的深浅构造关系,2009年,我们在唐山市南部的丰南地区,跨唐山断裂带完成了1条道间距40m、炮间距200m、50次覆盖的深地震反射探测剖面.结果表明:研究区的地壳厚度为32 ～ 34km,莫霍面自东向西逐渐加深,在丰南县和宣庄镇之间,中-...     

Exploration and Research of Deep Crustal Structures in the Zhangzhou Basin and Its Vicinity

INTRODUCTIONThe Zhangzhou basinislocated onthe southeast coast of Fujian Province .Interms of geotectonicunits ,it lies in the east Fujian volcanic fault-depression zone between the Wuyi-Daiyun mountainupheaval zone and depression zone of Taiwan Straits of the south China block. In terms ofseismotectonics ,it islocatedinthe middle sectionof the southeasterncoastal seismic zone .In history,the area was influenced by repeated destructive earthquakes , and the seismic activity was closely…     

Exploration and Study of Deep Crustal Structure in the Quanzhou Basin and Its Adjacent Area

INTRODUCTIONQuanzhou Citylocates on the southeast coast of Fujian Province .Tectonically,it locates in thevolcanic fault depression zone in East Fujian betweenthe Wuyi-Daiyunfolded doming-upregion of theSouth China block and the depression zone of the Taiwan Straits . Being on the north segment of thesoutheast seismic belt of China , many destructive earthquakes inthe history affected the area and theregional seismicityis closelyrelated withfaulting.Inthe Quanzhou basin,large-scalelo…     

从反射地震剖面中认识芦山地区的地壳精细结构和构造

采用深地震反射剖面探测,结合地表地质信息,本文对芦山地区的地壳结构、深浅构造和隐伏活动断裂进行了分析.研究结果表明:该区上地壳结构特征清晰,深度约为15km左右;区内断裂由于受青藏高原向东南方向的推挤和坚硬的四川盆地阻挡的联合作用均属逆冲断裂,其中双石—大川断裂以低角度向深部延伸,主要表现为纯逆冲的运动学性质,并与周边小断裂共同组成叠瓦状断层构造.而广元—大邑断裂为上陡下缓式逆冲断裂,与其六条分支断裂共同组成了"正花状"构造,断裂活动是以逆冲为主,并伴随着小的水平滑动,是一条斜向逆冲的断裂.在芦山地震发震断裂的2km范围内推测存在一陡一缓两条断裂,并根据三者形态推测其在18km或以上收敛到一起并向深部延伸,从而使它们在芦山地震中被同时激活.研究结果揭示了研究区近地表活动断裂和地壳深部构造之间的关系,为进一步研究龙门山断裂带的深部构造环境、深浅构造关系以及断裂的活动性提供了有利的依据.     

利用地震走时层析成像方法确定西昌地区断裂带深部几何形态

断裂深部产状和空间几何关系是研究地壳运动变形、动力作用及其地表响应的基础,也是模拟发震断裂与强震关系的基础。为了研究川西南地区强震活动与安宁河、则木河和金河断裂的关系,对盐源-西昌-雷波高分辨地震折射剖面初至Pg波走时和断层面反射波走时进行模拟,获得了川滇活动地块东边界带安宁河、则木河和金河断裂的深部形态。结果表明:在上地壳内,安宁河断裂和则木河断裂东倾32°～35°,其速度结构为舌状低速带,二者规模较大,延伸到了基底。金河断裂东倾约30°,向下延伸至少5km。     

Characteristic of crustal structure in the Shulu fault basin and its vicinity

（王椿镛，张先康，林中洋，李学清）ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｏｆｃｒｕｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｈｅＳｈｕｌｕｆａｕｌｔｂａｓｉｎａｎｄｉｔｓｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙ￥Ｃｈｕｎ－ＹｏｎｇＷＡＮＧＩ；Ｘｉａｎ－ＫａｎｇＺＨＡＮＧ；Ｚｈｏｎｇ－ＹａｎｇＬ...     

用双差定位结果分析华北地区的地震活动

华北地区北部是阴山—燕山隆起区、 华北平原和太行山隆起的交界处, 区域内地震活跃, 北部有张家口—渤海地震活动带(张渤带), 西邻山西地震活动带。 本研究采用双差定位法对华北地区2006—2009年发生的地震进行重新定位, 结果显示, 近年来华北地区的地震主要集中在北部的张渤带上, 总体呈WNW向分布。 震源深度主要集中在0~20 km的中上地壳, 占地震总数的96.3%, 有大约57.5%的地震分布在10 km以上的地壳内。 张渤带东部的唐山地区是该地震带上地震最密集的地区, 地震分布与区域内的断层有密切关系。 华北平原中南部的邢台地区也是地震相对较密集的区域, 定位结果显示, 邢台地区的新河断裂可能深达Moho面, 在该断裂的下方可能存在速度异常体, 把邢台地区西南部的地震活动从空间上隔离成上下两部分。 沿新河断裂的地震分布出现异常, 在深度10 km处, 地震分布由北东向西南逐渐与上部的地震分离, 震源深度逐渐加深, 最深可达30 km左右。     

华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据

在华北盆地中西部的临城一巨鹿深地震反射剖面上，ＣＤＰ叠加剖面在双程走时２．５-４．５ｓ部分显示出一系列连续性好、能量强的低角度反射事件，在剖面上显示的延伸距离达４０ｋｍ．这些反射事件解释为滑脱断层，它自西向东倾角变缓，发育在深度为ｓｋｉｎ（剖面西端）至１０ｋｍ（东端）的结晶基岩中．在剖面的浅部显示出两个相似的单边断陷盆地，其主断裂以铲形归并到这一滑脱构造．上盘在伸展过程中向东滑移，拉张和重力滑动作用可能是形成这些断裂的主要原因．剖面东部的中下地壳内众多的反射事件具有叠层状的特征，并遭受强烈的变形，可能表示地幔物质上涌侵入至地壳内．岩浆侵入在地壳上部形成附加的伸展应力场，同时使下地壳增热，粘度下降，某些矿物发生脱水作用，脱出的水上移并储存于中地壳内．伸展应力场及热和水的作用促进滑脱构造的形成．邢台地震的震源深度分布表明，这一地区脆韧过渡带的深度为１０-２５ｋｍ，滑脱面为过渡带的上界面．     

用深地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结构

为了取得邢台地震区的地壳细结构,1990年冬,国家地震局地球物理研究所等实施了一条穿过华北平原中部束鹿断陷盆地的深地震反射剖面.经过叠加和偏移后的剖面显示出清晰的地壳细结构图像.剖面图上1-4s之间的强反射对应于由一组正断层产生的沉积层变形,其中新河断裂为束鹿盆地和新河凸起之间的边界主断裂,它伸展到8km以下深处.在5s左右显示出一组较强的反射界面,它可能对应于脆性上地壳的下界面.10-11s之间的壳-幔过渡带包含一组振幅大、连续性好的强反射,在震源下方的Moho界面上似乎被间断.岩浆从上地幔顶部侵入到地壳中,使得地壳可能出现部分熔融,这一过程是产生扩张盆地和发生邢台地震的主要原因.     

Seismotectonic Study on the West Part of the Interaction Zone Between Southern Tianshan and Northern Tarim

The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone from geological profiles, deep crust seismic detection and earthquake focal mechanisms data. Based on the synthesized geological features, deep crust structure, and earthquake focal mechanisms, we think that the main regional tectonic feature is that the Tianshan tecto-lithostratigraphic unit overthrusts on the Tarim block. The Tianshan tectonic system includes the Maidan fault and thrust sheets in front of the fault; The Tarim tectonic system includes the underground northern Tarim margin fault, conjugate faults in basement and overthrust fault in shallow. The northern Tarim margin fault is a high angle fault deep in the Tarim crust, adjusting different trending deformation between Tianshan and Tarim. It is a major active fault that can generate large earthquakes. The other faults, such as the Tianshan overthrust system and the Tarim basement faults in this area may generate moderately strong earthquakes with different styles.     

华北强烈地震深部构造环境的探测与研究

20世纪六七十年代以来, 华北地区发生了一系列强烈地震． 强烈地震的孕育、 发生和发展与深部构造密切相关． 近50年来, 我国地震科学领域在强烈地震的地震构造和深部环境方面开展了大量的研究． 深部地球物理探测和地震层析成像结果揭示了华北地区地壳结构的基本特征, 并在强烈地震发生的深部构造环境等问题上取得了重要进展． 本文在回顾华北地区地壳上地幔结构探测的基础上, 对1966年邢台M_S7.2, 1976年唐山M_S7.8, 1975年海城M_S7.3和1679年三河—平谷M8.0地震的地震构造和深部构造环境进行评述． 深部地球物理数据的综合分析表明, 震源下方的低速异常带, 高角度超壳深断裂, 地壳深浅构造的不一致, 偏低的上地幔顶部速度和局部隆起的莫霍界面, 是华北伸展构造区深部孕震环境的共同特征．      

冀中坳陷东北部河西务断裂深浅构造特征

浅层高分辨率地震探测揭示,河西务断裂在近地表为倾角70°—75°的高角度正断层,断裂由1条主干断裂及1条次级断裂构成。主干断裂上断点埋深170 m左右,活动时代为中更新世晚期。石油深地震探测结果和大地电磁测深资料分析结果显示,断层上陡下缓,呈铲形,两侧地层角度不整合,扩展向斜、褶皱和伴生断裂发育,断裂切割较深,在38 km左右深度与大兴断裂交汇向下延伸,进入上地幔,断裂的下盘存在壳内高导体(层)。结合精定位小震的分布以及华北地区地震孕育发生的特点认为,河西务断裂存在中强地震发生的构造背景。     

太行山山前断裂带的构造特征

据近年来的地质和地球物理资料对太行山山前断裂带做了研究 ,得到一些新的认识。断裂带开始出现于中生代 ,主要形成于早第三纪 ,由一系列NE -NNE向断裂左型斜列组成。断裂带的结构构造和活动具有鲜明的分段性 ,中北段的保定 -石家庄等断裂为大型拆离断裂 ,在倾向上水平延伸 70km左右 ,早第三纪水平拉张断距约 17km ,垂直断距 50 0 0～ 60 0 0m。断裂带基本上是发育于上地壳的拆离滑脱构造 ,不属深大断裂。它第四纪活动性不强 ,与强震活动没有直接成因关系 ,但断裂带南、北两部分与其它走向的地震构造带交汇 ,对区域地震构造和地震预测研究仍有重要意义