地震钻孔综合剖面绘制软件的实现

钻孔剖面是地震安全性评价等工作中重要的基础资料。绘制钻孔地质柱状图是地震、地质工作中的一项基础工作。随着计算机在地质学中的广泛应用,如何利用计算机高效快速地绘制钻孔地质柱状图地质工作者还进行了各种尝试,但往往效率不高,对地震工作的针对性也不强。基于.NET平台,采用C#语言开发一款独立的地震钻孔柱状图和钻孔综合剖面绘制软件。介绍软件实现的关键环节及主要功能模块。该软件可以方便地读取实际观测中的原始数据进行柱状图绘制,生成高清矢量图形,编辑生成的钻孔参数文件还可以方便地用于构建地下三维地质模型和钻孔数据可视化分析和科学管理。     

测井数据岩性识别软件系统的开发与应用

利用BP神经网络方法识别岩性技术为理论基础,编制了集测井数据岩性识别、测井基础数据管理以及测井柱状图自动绘制等功能为一体的测井数据处理软件系统.利用彬长矿区标准化的实际基础数据,对该软件系统的岩性识别功能进行了检验,获得了较高的识别速度和准确率.应用结果表明,该软件系统具有一定的实用价值.     

工程地震钻孔柱状图的微机绘图系统

根据工程地震工作的需要,建立了适用于工程地震的岩土柱状图形库,编制了一套工程地震钻孔柱状图的微机绘图系统.该系统可直接生成集各岩土层参数、标贯值、岩土柱状图及剪切波速直方图等内容于一体的工程地震钻孔柱状图.所形成的图件规范、美观,内容完整、精确,大大提高了工作效率.     

在AutoCAD中实现三维地层模拟的一种方法

以地层等高线和地质柱状图为建模基础信息,采用曲面样条函数进行插值计算地质曲面,并对AutoCAD进行二次开发,将二维抽象的等高线信息以三维可视化的图形效果在AutoCAD的图形窗口中直观形象地表示出来,为开采和规划决策提供依据.此方法可使煤矿主采区域、城市活断层探测以三维地层显示,对煤矿行业,地震活断层研究有一定的参考价值.     

基于Volxer的矿床地质CT图示方法

矿床地质3D图示方法能够将复杂的地质构造、矿体形态以三维的形式表现出来,可有效地应用于矿产资源勘查、勘探开发生产管理、地质灾害治理等地质科学的多个领域.以某铜钼矿为例,基于Volxer 软件研究一种三维矿床地质CT图示方法.建立三维地质模型,多角度和多层面地展现矿床地质特征.     

大数据量地球物理测井绘图关键技术研究

在开发地球物理测井解释软件过程中,绘图所涉及的数据量很大,在绘图过程中要进行大量的比例运算、坐标转换及坐标映射等,特别是绘制巨幅、需要连续滚屏显示的声电成像测井图像,数据量和运算量更大,因此,就会经常出现内存不足、图形刷新速度过慢、图形重叠和闪烁等现象.在开发测井解释系统GeoWell过程中,采用内存映射文件、内存DC绘图、局部重绘等技术实现了大数据量巨幅测井图形的快速度、高质量绘制以及图形的连续滚动显示,提高了绘图效率,为微机环境下开发大数据量复杂测井绘图软件提供了技术参考.     

高精度地形图的Matlab与GMT联合开发研究

高精度地形图解译能够给出大量地质信息,用GMT软件绘制高精度地形图是地学研究者从事研究、成果交流与发表高质量论文的必要手段,但目前的地形数据格式不能直接应用,因此搭建一个平台,使其视窗化是一个亟待解决的问题。本文基于Matlab开发了GMT视窗化平台,为广大科研人员提供帮助。     

基于ArcGIS的太原断陷盆地第四系三维地质建模

本文在收集并整理太原断陷盆地钻孔资料的基础上,对钻孔进行了地层分层,建立了钻孔分层空间数据库;利用空间信息管理、地质解译、空间分析和预测、地学统计、实体内容分析以及三维图形可视化等工具结合起来的三维地质建模技术,对太原断陷盆地进行了第四纪地层三维地质可视化建模;最终基于ArcGIS平台实现了由钻孔柱状图到地层垂直剖面和地层表面TIN的三维可视化。对进一步分析太原断陷盆地地层、断层分布及其活动性奠定了基础。     

基于GIS的找矿远景预测方法在西南三江某航磁测区的实际应用

本文将GIS空间分析功能与定量预测方法相结合，研制了基于GIS的定量找矿预测方法软件.利用此软件可以自动提取多元成矿信息，定量计算每个预测单元的预测值，同时绘制测区的成矿远景预测图.在西南三江某航磁测区的实际应用，取得了较好的应用效果.     

基于Excel自动绘制地震安全性评价报告的钻孔综合柱状图

钻孔综合柱状图是地震安全性评价报告中必备的一种图件。本文介绍在Excel中自动生成钻孔综合柱状图的方法,实现在Excel中设计柱状图框架,并利用Excel vba编程自动生成岩土柱状及剪切波速曲线。该方法运用一键式成图,简单易用,已在实践中得到较好的应用。     

Efficient and accurate edge‐preserving smoothing for 3D hexagonally sampled seismic data

The automatic detection of geological features such as faults and channels is a challenging problem in today's seismic exploration industry. Edge detection filters are generally applied to locate features. It is desirable to reduce noise in the data before edge detection. The application of smoothing or low‐pass filters results in noise suppression, but this causes edge blurring as well. Edge‐preserving smoothing is a technique that results in simultaneous edge preservation and noise suppression. Until now, edge‐preserving smoothing has been carried out on rectangular sampled seismic data. In this paper, an attempt has been made to detect edges by applying edge‐preserving smoothing as a pre‐processing step in the hexagonally sampled seismic‐data spatial domain. A hexagonal approach is an efficient method of sampling and has greater symmetry than a rectangular approach. Here, spiral architecture has been employed to handle the hexagonally sampled seismic data. A comparison of edge‐preserving smoothing on both rectangular and hexagonally sampled seismic data is carried out. The data used were provided by Saudi Aramco. It is shown that hexagonal processing results in well‐defined edges with fewer computations.     

成都平原东部地震动小区划研究

场地的区域工程地质条件决定了场地土结构及土动力学参数的区域性差异,对强震地面运动起着重要的控制作用。为了考虑这种控制作用,以便合理地进行成都平原地震动小区划,本文根据一定数量的地震反应分析结果和所处的区域工程地质条件,建立了地貌单元、土层厚度和土层结构等因素与各类地震反应谱和各档峰值加速度的统计直方图。并引入分量分析方法,对原始因素进行正交变换,用产生互不相关的新因素来代替它们。正交变换之后,根据因子得分矩阵建立模糊关系矩阵 R,根据反映新因素重要程度的因子载荷矩阵生成新因素权重矩阵 A,然后采用模糊综合评判方法,判别成都平原东部各点的地面地震动类型,并由判别结果勾划了本区地震动小区划图。     

CRUSTAL REFLECTIVITY PATTERN AND ITS RELATION TO GEOLOGICAL PROVINCES1

The statistical treatment of deep seismic reflections from several different geological units has resulted in different reflectivity histograms. Reflectivity in old and cold shields differs significantly from that in younger, warmer areas. In the shields reflectivity is generally poor and concentrated in the upper crust whilst Caledonian and Variscan areas show strong reflecting lamellae in their lower crust. Also the length of the reflecting elements varies with age and heat flow. The lower crust in young areas is a zone of a strong viscosity minimum as derived from model studies with a temperature dependent rheology. The subhorizontal reflecting lamellae in the lower crust are considered to have been created in a large-scale high-temperature, low-viscosity ordering process whose remnants are still preserved today. Local-scale differences of reflectivity histograms define certain subprovinces which can be distinguished by their specific patterns.     

测井地质学新进展

八十年代以来，测井技术的迅速发展，油气、煤田勘探开发的需要，层序层学理论的出现以及其它相关学科的进展已迅速速推动与拓展了测井地质学的研究范围。表面在传统测井地质，如地层压实、有机质含量坟取、用测井资料确定财性、岩相、沉积环境研究等有了更新的概念。     

国家地震台数据断记统计及批量补数自动处理

在VS2015开发环境下,使用C#语言编写国家地震台断记统计和批量补数自动处理程序,实现数据中断统计查询、数据采集器波形数据文件下载和上传波形数据文件至远程服务器的自动化。该自动处理程序在部分地震台使用以来,运行良好,数据完整率、连续率得到保障。     

RELATIONS OF IP DECAY-CURVE STATISTICS AND GEOLOGY*

Six thousand three hundred IP measurements made in central and southern Germany have been statistically evaluated. Shapes of IP decay curves obtained in the course of routine prospecting for sulfides were characterized in the following way: three chargeabilities were recorded during the 2 s current-off time. By dividing the last by the first chargeability an “IP decay coefficient’ was calculated and statistically evaluated by means of histograms. When the histograms were compared with the statistics of apparent resistivity and chargeability, no relationship could be detected. Therefore, the histograms of M3/M1 values represent a characteristic property of distinct areas with certain geological features, mineral assemblage and tectonics. Weathering does not alter this geophysical “fingerprint”, which depends solely on geology.     

高密度电法的三维数据场可视化

高密度电法是重要物探方法之一，由于它具有施工快捷、分辨率高、可靠性好、图像直观等优点，已被广泛应用于寻找金属非金属矿、地下水及各类工程地质勘察等众多领域.目前，该方法在数据资料处理方面还局限在二维图像.本文结合在山西阳泉复杂采空区利用高密度电法和高精度GPS测量联合勘察的工程实例，基于WinDisp软件平台，实现了高密度电法的三维数据场可视化，构建了视电阻率参数下的三维地质体结构模型，并且可以任意移动、旋转、切片、分层显示、实时显示真实地理坐标等.该模型客观、真实、形象地反映了电性异常的三维地质结构，为高分辨率预测复杂采空区的空间分布特征提供了直观、可靠的资料.     

利用GIS技术建立工程地震地质基础信息系统

地理信息系统（简称ＧＩＳ）是近年来发展起来的空间数据处理技术。将ＧＩＳ技术应用于东南沿海地区工程地震研究,以ＧＩＳ工具软件Ｍａｐｉｎｆｏ及Ａｒｃ／ｉｎｆｏ为软件开发平台,初步建立了东南沿海地区工程地震地质基础信息系统。该系统具有空间查询、空间特征相关分析等功能,为工程地震研究中各类数据的有效管理和综合利用提供了方便     

A novel technique for automatic seismic data processing using both integral and local feature of seismograms

A novel technique for automatic seismic data processing using both integral and local feature of seismograms was presented in this paper. Here, the term integral feature of seismograms refers to feature which may depict the shape of the whole seismograms. However, unlike some previous efforts which completely abandon the DIAL approach, i.e., signal detection, phase identification, association, and event localization, and seek to use envelope cross-correlation to detect seismic events directly, our technique keeps following the DIAL approach, but in addition to detect signals corresponding to individual seismic phases, it also detects continuous wave-trains and explores their feature for phase-type identification and signal association. More concrete ideas about how to define wave-trains and combine them with various detections, as well as how to measure and utilize their feature in the seismic data processing were expatiated in the paper. This approach has been applied to the routine data processing by us for years, and test results for a 16 days’ period using data from the Xinjiang seismic station network were presented. The automatic processing results have fairly low false and missed event rate simultaneously, showing that the new technique has good application prospects for improvement of the automatic seismic data processing.     

全三维地震解释

三维地震为油气工业的增储上产作出了重大贡献，随着采集处理成本的不断降低，周期的不断缩短，全三维处理和叠前深度偏移等技术的推广应用，以及计算机技术的迅速发展，全三维地震解释已成为国内外致力发展的技术。