临汾地震台体应变观测资料映震能力分析

利用小波分析方法,通过对临汾地震台体应变记录的国内外典型震例进行分析,总结临汾地震台体应变中强地震前异常变化特征及映震能力.发现体应变在大多数远震前没有出现明显的短临异常图像,而在近震方面有一定映震能力.     

基于气枪震源信号和背景噪声的2016年呼图壁6.2级地震前后波速变化特征初步研究

本文选取呼图壁气枪发射台周边流动台记录的2016年6月至2017年12月气枪震源信号和背景噪声信号,分别采用互相关时延检测法和移动窗互谱法研究2016年12月呼图壁6.2级地震前后波速变化特征,得到以下初步结果:呼图壁6.2级地震前后,距6.2级地震60 km的流动台记录的气枪震源信号未发现明显的波速变化,距6.2级地震27 km的固定台石梯子台在6.2级地震前出现了较为明显的波速变化异常,可能与信号传播路径不同有关;流动台记录到的背景噪声信号出现与呼图壁6.2级地震有关的波速异常变化;气枪主要利用体波信号,背景噪声主要利用面波信号,两者射线路径不同可能是导致不同波速变化特征的主要原因。     

太原地震台记录的四川汶川地震震相分析

四川汶川系列地震距太原基准地震台约1000km,介于近震与远震之间,震相特殊,识别困难。本文通过对汶川主、余震和四川其他地区远震波形的对照,及对主要震相周期、幅度及波形特点的分析,认为PN、SG两个震相是太原地震台记录四川汶川地震的主要定位震相。     

山西大地电场观测概述

对山西5个地震台站记录到的大地电场观测数据从日变化特征、数据相关性、地电湾扰等方面进行分析,结果表明,在观测系统、环境正常的情况下,代县、临汾、夏县台观测曲线有明显的日变化,其形态与地磁日变相似;各台站同测向数据均有较高的相关系数;代县、临汾、夏县能记录到地电湾扰变化,且临汾、夏县台记录的湾扰变化形态呈明显相似性特征.     

震中距100°左右地震震相特征分析

震中距100°左右的地震,位于远震与极远震之间,特征既像远震又像极远震,震相较难分析。为了提高对该震中距地震的速报能力,对山西省地震局太原基准地震台记录的该震中距的地震事件进行了分析,总结了其震相特征及规律。     

青海海西6．4级地震前临汾台石英摆及大地电场短临异常分析

通过分析青海海西6．4级地震前临汾台各项前兆资料,发现震前6天石英摆SN向记录到明显的前驱波现象;震前1天大地电场Ew向长、短极距比值出现明显突跳异常,震前2h记录到临震异常扰动信号。     

Pdif震相在CDSN兰州地震台的记录特征

通过对CDSN兰州地震台1990-2000年间31个极远震记录的分析,得到了Pdif震相在CDSN宽频带数字地震仪上的运动学和动力学特征;给出了兰州地震台Pdif震相走时便查表,以便分析时查询比较.所得结果有助于提高地震速报能力和积累震相分析经验,有助于对核幔边界物理性质的认识.     

井下、地表地震计记录波形对比——以松原地震台为例

分析了相邻井下、地表地震计记录的背景噪声及近震、远震波形特征,以及相关的振幅谱及近震、远震接收函数波形特征.结果表明,井下地震计记录的背景噪声比地表地震计小1个数量级,其近震、远震波形记录较清晰、简洁;井下、地表地震计记录的远震振幅谱和径向接收函数具有较好的一致性,但背景噪声、近震振幅谱、近震接收函数、远震切向接收函数...     

山西临汾台宽频带倾斜仪映震能力浅析

对山西临汾台VP型宽频带倾斜仪观测资料处理发现,与同台观测的普通倾斜仪相比,该仪器灵敏度高,记录的同震阶变幅度远大于普通形变倾斜仪;该仪器映震能力强,在2010年河津M4．8地震、洪洞M3．6地震、2009年陕西高陵M4．4地震等几次地震前记录到了明显的短期、甚至短临异常变化特征,尤其是在河津地震前更是出现了原始曲线形态、潮汐因子、加卸载响应比等多项丰富的异常信息,说明该仪器对山西带南部地震有较好的映震能力,可为今后分析本区及周边地震活动提供判定依据。     

江苏常熟台VS与VP型倾斜仪观测数据对比分析

通过对江苏常熟台VS与VP两个型号的垂直摆倾斜仪记录的2015～2016年地震事件波形数据进行对比分析,结果发现:在记录远震时,VP型宽频带垂直摆倾斜仪明显优于VS型垂直摆倾斜仪;在记录近震时,VS型垂直摆倾斜仪会产生同震阶跃,变化幅度大于VP型宽频带垂直摆倾斜仪的变化幅度。     

上海佘山地震台阵远震记录的压缩感知分析

将压缩感知方法应用于上海佘山地震台阵远震定位,对于该台阵记录的M_S 5.5以上全球地震事件,根据震级大小、地震波走时、事件分布,筛选得到45个远震事件记录,采用分析压缩感知及传统方法,计算最优反方位角和慢度值,发现压缩感知方法在地震台阵的远震定位中表现良好;对于震相较为复杂的地震,在求取能量最大及超过最大能量95%以上的点,得到最终源信号,也就是震源位置,压缩感知方法具有更高的分辨率。     

鹤岗地震台垂直摆倾斜仪记录同震响应

对2011—2015年鹤岗地震台垂直摆倾斜仪记录的同震响应数据进行整理,垂直摆同震响应与震中距成线性关系;近距离地震(约Δ10°)同震响应以阶跃为主,阶跃大小、方向与地震实际倾斜量存在差异;远震同震响应的振幅与震级呈指数函数关系,振幅与震中距成幂函数关系。分析认为,同震响应(阶跃)不仅与震中距、震级因素有关,还与场地效应和传播路径关系密切。     

临汾地震台地电阻率异常变化特征与盆地内地震关系分析

主要以临汾盆地及周边地区近20年来所发生的6次4．5级以上地震为例,通过对这几次地震前临汾地震台地电阻率观测数据的分析,总结出临汾地震台地电阻率对应中强地震的中短期异常变化特征,特别是盆地内发生的3次地震,每次震前两测向曲线均统一表现为各向异性的变化特征,为判定该地区的震情趋势提供了信度较高的依据。     

鄂尔多斯地块东南缘地带Moho深度变化特征研究

鄂尔多斯地块东南缘是主要的历史强震活跃区,曾经多次发生6级或以上的强烈地震,其边缘边界具有较强的地震活动性.本文利用该区域内分布的固定台站数据记录的大量远震体波波形资料,应用频率域反褶积方法提取远震P波接收函数,由H-κ方法测定了各台站下方的Moho深度和V_p/V_s值.研究结果表明:鄂尔多斯地块东南缘的V_p/V_s值介于1.6~1.9之间.东缘的Moho深度介于33.4~45 km之间,太原断陷盆地附近的Moho深度较浅,最浅处为33.4 km;东部北段的延怀盆地、蔚县盆地、阳原盆地和南段的临汾盆地附近Moho深度变化不大,平均深度为40 km.而在东缘东侧,因存在着山西断陷带,导致块体边缘的Moho深度要小于块体内部的Moho深度.块体南缘的Moho深度介于31.0~53.1 km之间,自东段向西段Moho深度逐渐变大,从渭河盆地附近的31.0 km增厚至秦岭造山带地段的53.1 km.总之,鄂尔多斯地块东南缘地带的Moho深度和V_p/V_s值分布具有明显的分块特征,块体内部结构比较稳定,东缘东段地壳结构相对一致,东缘东侧与西侧地壳深度具有明显的差异性,从山西断陷以东向西地壳厚度逐渐增厚,很好地对应了其地质构造特点.     

Rapid source inversions of the 2023 SE Türkiye earthquakes with teleseismic and strong-motion data

We conducted rapid inversions of rupture process for the 2023 earthquake doublet occurred in SE Türkiye, the first with a magnitude of M_W7.8 and the second with a magnitude of M_W7.6, using teleseismic and strong-motion data. The teleseismic rupture models of the both events were obtained approximately 88 and 55 minutes after their occurrences, respectively. The rupture models indicated that the first event was an asymmetric bilateral event with ruptures mainly propagating to the northeast, while the second one was a unilateral event with ruptures propagating to the west. This information could be useful in locating the meizoseismal areas. Compared with teleseismic models, the strong-motion models showed relatively higher resolution. A noticeable difference was found for the M_W7.6 earthquake, for which the strong-motion models shows a bilateral event, rather than a unilateral event, but the dominant rupture direction is still westward. Nevertheless, all strong-motion models are consistent with the teleseismic models in terms of magnitudes, durations, and dominant rupture directions. This suggests that both teleseismic and strong-motion data can be used for fast determination of major source characteristics. In contrast, the strong-motion data would be preferable in future emergency responses since they are recorded earlier and have a better resolution ability on the source ruptures.     

Detection capabilities of the BURAR seismic array—contributions to the monitoring of regional and distant seismicity

Data recorded with the Bucovina Romanian Seismic Array (BURAR) seismic array between January 2005 and December 2008 were analyzed to verify the monitoring capabilities of regional and distant seismicity. For this time interval, nearly 35,000 events detected by BURAR and identified in seismic bulletins (Preliminary Determination of Epicenters and Romanian Earthquake Catalogue) were investigated using parameters as backazimuth, epicentral distance and magnitude. A remarkably detection capability is emphasized for teleseismic observations (Δ > 20°). BURAR onsets could be associated to almost 60% of all events in the teleseismic distance, with a magnitude detection threshold of 4.5 (mb). When no threshold magnitude is applied, the full detection capability of BURAR is in the same order as the performance of GERES array, which is one of the most sensitive stations in Central Europe. For regional events, detection capability decreases to about 16% of all events within regional distance range. The site conditions (crustal structure and high frequency cultural noise) as well as array dimension, affect the signal coherency and reduce the array detection capability for regional events. For both teleseismic and regional distances, a monthly variation of BURAR detection capabilities has been found; the number of events detected during the summer time is diminished by the specific seasonal human activity and atmospheric conditions (thunderstorms). To prove the good detection capability of the BURAR for teleseismic distances, a comparison with the observations of the Romanian Real Time Network in terms of magnitude and epicentral distance was carried out. The higher signal detection capability of BURAR is due to the array techniques applied in data processing, which enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. The monitoring performed by the BURAR seismic array provides a good azimuthal coverage of the regional and distant seismicity, in a large range of epicentral distances.     

呼和浩特基准地震台极远震震相记录特征分析

选取2010—2020年呼和浩特基准地震台记录的195个6.0级以上极远震事件波形,分析震相特征。按照震中距由小到大的顺序,挑选出9个典型极远震事件作为研究对象,依据AK135走时表,分析波形记录特征,以期提高地震台站的震相分析水平及资料产出质量。     

福建省钻孔体应变同震响应分析

通过福建省4个钻孔体应变仪对印尼强震的同震响应波对比分析,研究了福建省体应变变化特征,得出体应变幅度与震级成正比、响应延迟时间与震中距成正比的结论,进一步探讨了福建省各台站对印尼远强震的体应变变化特征及其与断层性质的关系。     

南北地震带中南段典型强震震前跨断层形变特征分析

基于南北地震带中南段18个不同震级的典型震例震前跨断层形变观测异常特征, 结合《中国震例》已有研究结果, 定性分析了各地震震前跨断层形变观测异常的类型和时、 空变化特征。 结果表明, 对于8.0级以下地震, 震前2~3年异常数量明显增多、 震前1~1年半左右异常达到峰值、 震前部分场地异常恢复的特征对区域强震预测在时间上具有一定的中期或短期前兆意义; 震前跨断层场地异常震中距和异常类型对强震震级具有一定的预测意义; 无论是跨断层异常类型、 空间分布, 还是异常的时间进程特征均与区域强震发生地点没有显著的统计关系。 汶川M_S8.0地震前出现趋势异常多、 中短期异常较少、 外围异常多和中心异常少的特征; 异常最早出现在7~8年前, 震前3年左右明显增加, 震前部分异常恢复; 异常以趋势异常和速度变化为主, 没有破年变异常。     

Tectonoelectricity

Anomalous earth-current changes in association with an earthquake occurrence have often been reported since the 19th century. Changes reported in classical as well as recent literature are reviewed, although it is hard to say that any physically clear relationship between earth-current changes and earthquakes has been established. Even though a strong correlation between precursory earthcurrent changes and earthquakes has often been reported in the U.S.S.R. and the People's Republic of China in recent years, it appears that a general rule governing the earthquake-related earth-current changes is still very much unknown, partly because of contamination by artificial and natural noise.In contrast to the difficulty in understanding earth-current changes, monitoring of earth-resistivity seems to provide a much clearer means for interpreting geoelectric phenomena in association with tectonic processes in the Earth. Soviet and American work showed that the resistivity decreases to a considerable extent in the focal region prior to an earthquake. Such a change seems to be closely correlated to dilatancy generation in the Earth's crust. This finding doubtless provides an important means for earthquake prediction.An ususual, highly sensitive resistivity variometer, developed by the writer, disclosed that a resistivity change takes place at a teleseismic distance when an earthquake of large and medium magnitude occurs. Many of the resistivity changes thus observed are preceded by a premonitory change, which is supposed to reflect the preliminary rupture at a focal region.