青藏高原羌塘中部中奥陶世变质堆晶辉长岩锆石SHRIMP年代学及Hf同位素特征

藏北羌塘桃形湖地区出露有一套变质基性岩,主要岩石类型有变质超基性岩、变质堆晶辉长岩、变质辉长岩(辉绿岩)、变质玄武岩和斜长花岗岩等,局部可见有残留的堆晶(层状)结构.变质堆晶辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP定年和Hf同位素研究表明其时代为(467±4)Ma,这是目前羌塘地区时代最老、最可靠的岩浆岩年龄.变质堆晶辉长岩锆石176Hf/177Hf比值介于0.282615～0.282657之间,εHf(t)加权平均值为5.02±0.28,反映其岩浆源区为亏损型地幔.变质基性岩地球化学特征与大洋中脊玄武岩类似,它很可能是古洋壳的残片.桃形湖变质基性岩代表羌塘中央隆起地区早古生代蛇绿岩残片.     

后碰撞幔源岩浆活动、底垫作用及准噶尔盆地基底的性质

准噶尔盆地周边地区广泛发育晚古生代后碰撞花岗岩类、基性_超基性杂岩和火山岩 .它们普遍具有正的εNd(t)值 ,表明岩浆起源于亏损地幔 ,并不同程度地受到地壳物质的混染 .幔源岩浆及其分异产物在上地壳侵位只是深部地质过程的浅部反映 ,大量的幔源岩浆很可能在壳幔界面附近和下地壳中发生底垫作用 ,成为准噶尔盆地基底的组成部分 .如果准噶尔盆地的基底是残留洋壳 ,除非发生高度部分熔融 ,否则不可能产生基性_超基性杂岩 .即使准噶尔盆地具有老陆壳基底 ,也会因为幔源岩浆底垫作用而受到强烈改造 .这种解释可以与地球物理资料相容 .     

青藏高原羌塘东部治多县左支——失多莫卜辉长岩带地球化学特征及构造意义

青藏高原羌塘东部治多县左支——失多莫卜辉长岩带形成于晚二叠世,由单一辉长岩组成。岩石富碱,Na2O〉K2O为钙碱性系列。微量元素特征表现为大离子亲石元素（LILE）富集,高场强元素分异,显示板内玄武岩特征。轻稀土元素高度富集,δEu不显亏损,为弱负异常到正异常。（87Sr／85Sr）i较低,变化于0．70419～0．70471之间,εNd（t）值较高,变化于4．3～4．9之间,显示了略亏损的地幔源区特征。该辉长岩带应形成于板内伸展扩张构造环境。     

华南沿海基性麻粒岩捕虏体的地球化学研究和下地壳组成

华南沿海新生代火山岩中的麻粒岩捕虏体都是镁铁质的, 分为岩浆麻粒岩和堆晶麻粒岩. 前者具有与大陆火山弧玄武岩相似的不相容微量元素模式; 后者亏损K₂O和P₂O₅以及大离子亲石元素. 华南麻粒岩捕虏体是晚中生代玄武质岩浆底侵于壳幔边界结晶-变质形成. Sr和Nd同位素特征显示麻粒岩母岩浆受到了陆壳物质混染, 它们的变化由AFC成岩模式控制. 微量元素和常量元素的变化主要受结晶分异控制. 捕虏体麻粒岩与研究区地表出露的晚中生代辉长岩和玄武岩的地球化学特征一致, 它们很可能是同一时期相同构造背景下岩浆活动的产物. 华南同时代花岗质岩浆的形成与这期强烈的基性岩浆活动有关. AFC模拟和现有资料显示, 华南下地壳主要由早中元古代变质岩和中生代底侵形成的基性麻粒岩构成.     

大兴安岭中南段中生代的构造热演化

通过对大兴安岭中南段中生代火山 深成岩同位素年龄的测定 ,对不同阶段岩浆活动的构造背景进行分析 ,从而确立了该区构造岩浆演化的序列 :晚三叠世以含幔源包体的基性 超基性岩侵位为标志的初始幔隆 ,早 中侏罗世以辉绿岩岩墙群侵入为标志的中、上部地壳伸展 ,晚侏罗世强烈的粗面质火山岩喷发 ,早白垩世板内非造山性质的碱性 亚碱性花岗岩侵位 ,同时还形成了基性岩墙和玄武岩 .据此 ,可以认为中生代大兴安岭的隆升与幔隆背景下深部岩浆上涌密切相关 .这一研究为进一步探讨大兴安岭造山模式奠定了基础 .     

幔源岩浆在南岭燕山早期花岗岩形成中的作用：锆石原位Hf-O同位素制约

一些岩石学和同位素地球化学证据表明许多花岗岩是两种岩浆混合形成的,但对于是否有幔源岩浆参与大规模花岗岩的形成一直有不同意见.对南岭3个代表性的燕山早期（～160Ma）岩体进行了系统的锆石Hf-O同位素分析,结果显示清湖二长岩锆石具有非常一致的锆石Hf-O同位素组成,εHf（t）=11.6±0.3,δ18O=（5.4±0.3）‰,结合全岩Sr-Nd同位素和微量元素地球化学特征,表明清湖二长岩的母岩浆来源于受到近期地幔交代作用的含金云母岩石圈地幔,没有地壳物质的混染.里松花岗岩及其中暗色微粒包体（MME）和佛冈花岗岩的锆石Hf-O同位素组成有很大的变化范围,锆石Hf-O同位素呈负相关关系,里松MME主要为幔源岩浆（类似于清湖二长岩母岩浆）结晶的产物,有少量壳源岩浆的加入;里松和佛冈花岗岩是幔源岩浆与沉积岩重熔岩浆不同比例混合形成的,花岗岩的形成伴随着重要的陆壳增生和分异.     

碧口群西段董家河蛇绿岩地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

董家河蛇绿岩位于碧口群火山岩系西段,由蛇纹石化、滑石菱镁岩化变质橄榄岩、辉长岩、堆晶辉长岩和浅变质亚碱性拉斑玄武岩组成,具有典型的蛇绿岩套岩石组合特征.变质橄榄岩为轻稀土亏损型,辉长岩与变质玄武岩具共源岩浆演化特征,均表现为MORB型玄武岩的稀土元素及不活动痕量元素地球化学特征,是本区蛇绿岩的重要组成端元,指示扬子北缘碧口地区一个已经消失的古洋盆.辉长岩中锆石的激光探针U-Pb测年结果((839.2±8.2)Ma)表明,该洋盆形成于新元古代晋宁期.     

在壳幔作用过程中Sr含量对岩浆岩Sr同位素组成的影响：兼论东南？…

在壳幔作用过程中,壳幔源岩浆常会发生一定程度的混合,而它们Ｓｒ含量的差异会对混合岩浆的Ｓｒ同位素组成产生重大影响。本文简要介绍壳幔源岩浆的Ｓｒ含量差异对形成大陆型等同位素组成的双峰式火山岩的制约、幔源基性岩浆岩高（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ的可能成因、岩浆混合程度的定量计算及壳幔相互作用的一些最新的观点与研究成果,并讨论东南沿海白垩纪等同位素组成的双峰式火山岩的成因,指出基性端员玄武岩起源于上地幔     

长江中下游火山—侵入杂岩研究中值得探讨的几个问题（一）

长江中下游燕山期中酸性－酸性火山－侵入杂岩大家公认为具有偏碱性到碱性特点，但对富碱原因即大质来源则存在不同意见，大多数人认为壳幔混源，碱质来源于富集地幔的部分熔融，也受到地壳物质的混染。另一种意见强调富碱是由于岩浆侵位或分异过程中地幔的部分熔融，也受到地壳物质的混染。笔者根据长江中下游有关岩体的大量岩石化学分析数据，分地区、分岩体、也按时代对其Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ与ＳｉＯ２的相关性作了     

西昆仑空巴克石英闪长岩类地球化学特征及构造环境分析

西昆仑空巴克石英闪长岩为原特提斯洋基本闭合,康西瓦韧性剪切带活动的产物。岩体属强过铝质、钙碱性系列偏碱性浅成相花岗岩类,大多属I型花岗岩,少数为S型花岗岩,构造环境为晚加里东期活动陆缘碰撞造山带环境。岩浆源为壳幔混源型。     

皖南新元古代双峰式岩墙群的年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

皖南许村镇附近发育一套岩墙群,主要由辉长岩和花岗闪长斑岩组成,它们在时空上紧密伴生,成因上密切相关。岩石的SiO2含量集中分布在酸性和基性成分之间,缺乏中性及中酸性成分,构成一套双峰式侵入岩组合。对花岗闪长斑岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,表明双峰式岩墙侵入时间为822．1＆#177;6．6Ma。辉长岩具有正εHf （t）值（2．1～4．4）、大离子亲石元素和LREE富集,显示大陆拉斑质玄武岩地球化学和同位素组成特征;花岗闪长斑岩富含Zr、Hf和稀土元素,较高的Ga/A1比值,较低Ba、Sr、P、Ti含量,总体上地球化学特征类似A2-型花岗岩,εHf （t ）值范围（1．8～4．6）与辉长岩基本相同。许村双峰式岩墙群的基性端员辉长岩是拉张环境下华南弱亏损岩石圈地幔部分熔融产生玄武质岩浆的产物,而酸性端员花岗闪长斑岩是玄武质岩浆在上升途中受地壳混染,并发生底侵作用和由玄武岩浆提供的热源导致地壳重熔的结果。     

Mafic alkalic magmatism in central Kachchh,India: a monogenetic volcanic field in the northwestern Deccan Traps

Magmatism in Kachchh, in the northwestern Deccan continental flood basalt province, is represented not only by typical tholeiitic flows and dikes, but also plug-like bodies, in Mesozoic sandstone, of alkali basalt, basanite, melanephelinite and nephelinite, containing mantle nodules. They form the base of the local Deccan stratigraphy and their volcanological context was poorly understood. Based on new and published field, petrographic and geochemical data, we identify this suite as an eroded monogenetic volcanic field. The plugs are shallow-level intrusions (necks, sills, dikes, sheets, laccoliths); one of them is known to have fed a lava flow. We have found local peperites reflecting mingling between magmas and soft sediment, and the remains of a pyroclastic vent composed of non-bedded lapilli tuff breccia, injected by mafic alkalic dikes. The lapilli tuff matrix contains basaltic fragments, glass shards, and detrital quartz and microcline, with secondary zeolites, and there are abundant lithic blocks of mafic alkalic rocks. We interpret this deposit as a maar-diatreme, formed due to phreatomagmatic explosions and associated wall rock fragmentation and collapse. This is one of few known hydrovolcanic vents in the Deccan Traps. The central Kachchh monogenetic volcanic field has >30 individual structures exposed over an area of ∼1,800 km² and possibly many more if compositionally identical igneous intrusions in northern Kachchh are proven by future dating work to be contemporaneous. The central Kachchh monogenetic volcanic field implies low-degree mantle melting and limited, periodic magma supply. Regional directed extension was absent or at best insignificant during its formation, in contrast to the contemporaneous significant directed extension and vigorous mantle melting under the main area of the Deccan flood basalts. The central Kachchh field demonstrates regional-scale volcanological, compositional, and tectonic variability within flood basalt provinces, and adds the Deccan Traps to the list of such provinces containing monogenetic- and/or hydrovolcanism, namely the Karoo-Ferrar and Emeishan flood basalts, and plateau basalts in Saudi Arabia, Libya, and Patagonia.     

Zircon U–Pb age and geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic implication of the Tuotuohe Cenozoic alkaline magmatism in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

A large number of Eocene-Oligocene alkaline/alkali-rich igneous rocks were developed in the Tuotuohe region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,we present zircon U-Pb ages,Hf isotope data,and major and trace element compositions of the Cenozoic alkaline rocks from the Tuotuohe region in order to constraint the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution history of Qiangtang Block.Zircon U-Pb ages were measured via LA-ICP-MS to be39.6,37.6 and 32.0 Ma.The 39.6 Ma trachyte was characterized by low SiO2 and high K2O and MgO contents.The 37.6 and 32.0 Ma orthophyres show enrichment in SiO2 and K2O,but deficient in MgO.All of the samples belong to the alkaline rocks.These rocks display enrichment in REE,LREE,and LILE,depletion in HFSE,and no obvious Eu anomalies.Geological and geochemical features suggest that there were two possible mechanisms for the origin of the alkaline rocks in the Tuotuohe region:(1)the removed mafic lower crust dropped into the asthenosphere,forming the mix magma(Nariniya trachyte);(2)the upwelling asthenosphere triggered the crustal melting(Nariniya and Zamaqu orthophyre).The Eocene-Oligocene alkaline rocks in the study and adjacent areas are likely to be the result of the same tectonic-magmatic event of deep lithospheric evolution that is the crustal material melting triggered by lithospheric delamination.This conclusion extends the influence scope of lithospheric delamination eastward to the Tuotuohe region(*92°E)from Banda Co(*82°E).     

Subaqueous volcanism in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean based on Jurassic basaltic tuff and pillow basalt in the Raohe Complex,NE China

On-land records of subaqueous explosive volcanic eruptions are rarely reported.To understand this phenomenon and discuss its global significance,we studied the geochronology and geochemistry of basaltic tuff and pillow basalt in the Raohe Complex,NE China.The basaltic tuff consists of well-sorted vitreous,crystal(mostly clinopyroxene),and minor lithic fragments.It is characterized by a high Mg O(15.7–15.9%)content and zero Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~*=99–102).The tuff erupted at 172±1 Ma based on SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating,coeval with the previously reported age of the pillow basalt.The pillow basalt has intermediate Mg O content and weakly negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~*=90–99).Based on immobile trace element discrimination,the basaltic tuff and pillow basalt belong to alkali basalt displaying an OIB-type trace element pattern,and consistent Nd isotope signatures ofε_(Nd)(t)=4.4–6.2,indicating an identical mantle source.The pillow basalt has coupled Sr-Nd isotopic values,whereas the basaltic tuff has significantly higher initial~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values that are similar to synchronous seawater.This indicates that the elemental exchange between the mantle-derived material and seawater most likely occurred in a subaqueous explosive volcanic eruption,rather than in an effusive eruption.Detailed calculations suggest that the high efficiency of the Sr-isotope exchange between seawater and the mantle-derived material triggered by a subaqueous explosive volcanic eruption is likely one of the main reasons for the rapid decrease of the global seawater~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr value.     

Magma-reservoir crystallization processes: small-scale dikes in cumulate gabbros, Mauna Kea Volcano, Hawaii

 Gabbroic xenoliths that represent cumulate environments within Mauna Kea Volcano are, in rare examples, penetrated by small-scale (<7 cm) dikes. We examined four dike/host composite xenoliths to establish how this evidence for magma seemingly injected into cumulate gabbro fits into the evolution of igneous processes in shield volcano magma reservoirs. Olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase compositions in both host gabbros and dikes are characteristically tholeiitic and evolved (Fo_71–66, cpx-Mg # 79–77, An_72–51) with respect to Hawaiian magmatism. Dikes, however, when compared with their host gabbros, have slightly greater abundances of some incompatible elements and slightly more evolved olivine compositions (e.g., Fo₆₈ vs Fo₇₁₎. Compared with Mauna Kea lava compositions, both host gabbros and dikes have lower incompatible-element abundances, positive Eu anomalies, and, notable for dikes, major-element compositions unlike those of lavas (e.g., SiO₂<46 wt.%). The small-scale dikes, therefore, also have cumulate characteristics. We interpret them as representing late-stage liquids (e.g., <5 wt.% MgO, based on <Fo₇₀) "squeezed" from solidifying cumulus piles of evolved (e.g., ∼Fo₇₀) gabbroic assemblages. The compositions of the dikes, however, do not match those of the most evolved liquids expected in reservoirs because they appear to have lost interstitial liquids (e.g., positive Eu anomalies, low abundances of some trace elements). Because minerals in the dikes were in equilibrium with highly evolved liquids, conditions for small-scale dike formation in cumulate environments apparently occur only at the last stages of reservoir magma differentiation and solidification. Received: 25 February 1997 / Accepted: 14 June 1997     

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and phenocryst EPMA of dikes,Guocheng, Jiaodong Peninsula: Implications for North China Craton lithosphere evolution

Widespread dike swarm, including diorite-, monzonite-porphyry and lamprophyre, intruded in the al- tered breccia gold deposits along basin marginal faults, Guocheng, Jiaodong Peninsula. Petrography exhibits biotite enclaves in amphibole phenocrysts and the presence of acicular apatites in these dikes. Electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) show that the amphibole and clinopyroxene phenocryst’s mantle in diorite porphyry and lamprophyre respectively has sharply higher MgO (Mg#) and Cr2O3 contents in contrast to their cores. The plagioclase phenocryst in monzonite porphyry has reverse zoning. These results indicate that the magma mixing between mantle-derived mafic and crust-derived felsic magmas occurred in the original process of the dikes. Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images show well-developed magmatic oscillatory zones and the acquired LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages are 114±2 Ma (MSDW=1.5) for monzonite porphyry (GS1) and 116±1 Ma (MSDW=0.8) for diorite porphyry (GS2), respectively. Earlier magmatic events in the northwest Jiaodong Peninsula represented by some inherited or captured zircons also occur in these dikes. Magmatic zircons from GS1 and GS2 display consistent chondrite-normalized REE patterns and Nb/Ta values, implying that they may share a similar or same source. HREE enrichment and obvious negative Eu anomalies of these zircons preclude garnet presented in their source. Our results, combined with preciously pub- lished data, indicate that dike intrusion and gold mineralization among quartz vein, altered tectonite and altered breccia gold deposits are broadly contemporaneous throughout the Jiaodong Peninsula. These also imply that the intensive crust-mantle interaction and asthenospheric underplating had oc- curred in the Early Cretaceous in the Peninsula, together with foundering of lower crust in the early Mesozoic, representing the different stages of lithosphere thinning in the North China Craton (NNC).     

湘东北地区石蛤蟆花岗岩体SHRIMP U—Pb年龄及地球化学特征

分布于湖南东北部的石蛤蟆岩体侵位于新元古代地层中。由微细粒斑状黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩等两期侵入体组成。通过锆石SHRIM PU--Pb法测得岩体侵位年龄为157土2Ma（2d）,MSWD=0．98,成岩时代为晚侏罗世。SiO2=68．26％～68．53％,K2O／Na2O=1．37～1．59,岩石属镁质、准铝质-微过铝质、高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列;岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,Rb／Sr较低（0．40～0．56）;乏REE较高（171．48～183．81）,Eu为弱负异常（δEu=0．86～0．93）,（La／Yb）N=27．11～45．87;具较高的eNd值（-5．11）和高T2DM（1．63Ga）。综合研究表明,石蛤蟆花岗岩为混合源高钾钙碱性花岗岩类（KCG）,其花岗岩浆有大量幔源物质加入。讨论认为岩体形成于构造体制转换下的地球动力学背景,是造山晚期张弛作用下的产物。     

Geochronological Significance of the Post-Orogenic Mafic- Ultramafic Rocks in the Hongqiling Area of Jilin Province, Northeast China

INTRODUCTIONThe mafic-ultramafic complexesinthe Hongqilingarea were emplacedintothe metamorphic rocksof the Hulan Group. Age determination of the intrusion and metamorphism of the Hulan Groupmetamorphic rocks is crucial for the study of petrogenesis and evolution, orogenesis and itsdevelopment of the region. However ,so far it has been difficult to determine the geochronology ofmafic-ultramafic rocks inthe area ,thusthe age obtainedfromprevious data hadto be used.Inrecentyears ,withthe …     

Evolution of Icelandic central volcanoes: evidence from the Austurhorn intrusion,southeastern Iceland

The Austurhorn intrusive complex in southeastern Iceland represents an exhumed Tertiary central volcano. The geometry of the intrusion and geochemistry of the mafic and felsic rocks indicate Austurhorn was a volcanic center analogous to Eyjafjallajökull and Torfajökull in Iceland's eastern neovolcanic zone (EVZ). Early transitional tholeiitic basalt magmatism at Austurhorn formed a shallow crustal chamber 5 km in diameter. Apparent rhythmic modal layering of, and intrusive contacts within, the gabbro indicate the mafic chamber was replenished frequently as it cooled and crystallized. Felsic activity postdated near-solidification of the gabbro; numerous granitic magmas intruded along gabbro margins and within the adjacent crust. Field relations indicate that infrequent felsic replenishment prevented convective mixing of the Austurhorn chamber during this time, although commingled mafic and felsic magmas are observed in an extensive net veined complex. Late stage mafic dikes intrude the entire complex, suggesting that magmatic heat was abundantly available throughout the evolution of the Austurhorn system. Plagioclase and clinopyroxene compositions in mafic through felsic rocks, including gabbros, support a model of progressive differentiation. Field relations constrain the felsic magmas to originate at P1 kbar, presumably by fractional crystallization. The structure and geochemistry of the Austurhorn intrusive complex suggest formation in an immature rift environment similar to the modern EVZ. The proposed rift segment was parallel to the western and eastern neovolcanic zones, and probably resulted from a reorganization of plate boundaries 7 Ma (Saemundsson 1979; Helgason 1985; Jancin et al. 1985) triggered by activity of the Iceland mantle plume.