几种辅助设备在强震仪中的应用

本文介绍了GPS、eMODEM、DE-211串口设备服务器等辅助设备在GDQJ-2型固态地震动强度记录仪中的应用，包括各自的功能、作用、实现方法以及和强震仪的接口。     

浅析使用12位数字强震仪对大坝进行安全监测的可行性

为了论证12位数字强震仪在性能和价格上具有优势，在一个水库大坝内安放了3台12位数字强震仪。期间记录到云南永胜ML6．1级地震和盐源宁蒗ML5．8级地震，结果仪器观测到的谱峰值都在0．80－0．86之间；最大加速度为1．14（伽）。12位数字强震仪能够满足大坝监测要求，而且价格便宜。     

中国水工结构强震观测

简要回顾了我国水工结构强震观测的历史，介绍了水工结构强震观测的现状、特点和监测技术，以及大坝地震安全报警和强震观测记录的应用，对今后水工结构强震观测工作提出了若干建议。     

强震记录与地震烈度的仪器测定实例

“十五”期间,四川强震台网将达到211个子台的规模。若仅按强震观测最基本的技术目标,用足够长的时间收集足够多的强震记录为抗震设计理论服务,显然未能尽其投资潜力。为此,我们将中国地震局工程力学研究所固化在该所GDQJ-1A数字强震仪内的烈度模式识别算法提取到台网中心计算机的后台,使“十五”建设采用的所有强震仪均“升级”成为可以现场测定地震烈度的设备。本文以2005年1月5日马尔康日部5.0级地震为例,展开强震台网的烈度测定和震灾快速评估。     

地球物理技术在大坝抗震研究中的应用

水工建筑物的场址和结构都十分复杂,涉及到坝址河谷地震动输入及坝体、库水、地基综合体系的动力相互作用和不同介质动态耦合等前沿课题.这些课题的解决有赖于多学科的配合.特别是地球物理学在水坝抗震中得到了广泛的应用.主要应用表现在为大坝抗震设计提供设计地震动参数、进行大坝的模型和原型抗震试验、大坝的强震安全监测、水库诱发地震等方面.     

水利水电工程强震监测和强震监测仪器

阐述了强震监测在实际工程中的作用,国内外强震监测的基本情况以及我国水利水电工程领域的强震安全监测的进展与现状,介绍了强震监测仪器的基本原理、特性及目前国内强震仪研制生产的技术水平和成果.介绍了水电工程领域强震监测工作中存在的实际问题.最后展望了强震监测工作在我国水电工程领域的发展趋势.     

多道中心式记录强震仪的设计与应用

介绍了多道中心式记录强震仪的工作原理,性能及技术指标,给出了仪器的设计方法、理论分析和具体电气功能控制、时间服务系统等结构框图。文中还介绍了强震仪在地震现场观测获取的很有价值的地震记录。     

泰国地震考察概述

以国家地震局科技监测司副司长孙其政为团长的中国数字地震台网考察团,一行10人,于1989年10月13日,赴泰国进行了为期8天的地震考察。在此期间,我们对不久前在泰缅边界发生的6.4级破坏性地震现场进行了考察,以及位于泰国西北部距曼谷近300公里的2个水库大坝和电站。两国地震工作者就如何利用强震仪监测库区水位变化,如何研究强地面运动对水坝的影响等多项内容进行了讨论;两国台站的工     

强震观测在小浪底水利枢纽大坝监测中的应用

文章结合小浪底水利枢纽的实际情况,就强震观测系统在小浪底大坝监测中的应用,从系统的设计、台站构成以及正常运行情况做了详细介绍,可为其它同类大坝的强震监测设计提供直接依据。     

西昌MS5.1地震官地大坝实测动力响应特征分析

2018年10月31日16时29分四川西昌发生M_S5.1地震,震中距官地大坝26 km,官地大坝强震监测台阵完整地记录到了本次地震过程。基于官地大坝强震监测台阵记录到的西昌地震强震动数据,通过分析各测点的时程特征、频谱反应规律,研究官地大坝在西昌地震作用下的反应特征和规律。研究表明大坝各部位PGA范围在3.70～69.98 gal,仪器烈度值在1.8～5.2度之间,受西昌地震破裂方向影响,强震动三分向峰值及频谱特性随着高程的增加呈明显的方向性放大效应,总体表现为顺河向分量大于横河向和垂直向分量;此次地震反应周期小于大坝基岩场地特征周期,且西昌地震激励下大坝场地卓越周期与大坝自振周期相差较大,本次地震对大坝安全无影响。     

基于分布式光纤传感的堤坝安全监测技术及展望

及时、准确地掌握堤坝的性态，是保证堤坝安全运行的基础.因此，需要一种实时监测系统对堤坝进行监测.分析了堤坝健康监测的主要内容，介绍了分布式光纤传感技术的工作原理及使用现状；探讨了分布式光纤传感技术在我国堤坝渗流和形变中的应用；指出了分布式光纤传感技术在土堤坝使用中存在的问题，并给出了新的堤坝长期安全监测系统设计建议，结论有益于指导构建新的基于分布式光纤技术的堤坝安全监测系统.     

土石坝安全监测与有限元模拟

土石坝的安全监测包括两个部分,一是关于应力的监测,主要是孔隙水压力的监测;二是变形的监测,包括地表沉降、地基深层分层沉降、坝肩水平位移等.实际工程表明,土石坝在填筑施工中出现安全问题时,超孔隙水压力与坝肩水平位移会明显偏大,结合地表沉降与坝基深层位移监测结果能够对坝体施工安全有效预警.为研究土石坝坝体与软弱地基的沉降、...     

Numerical investigation of the response of the Yele rockfill dam during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

In this paper the seismic response of a well-documented Chinese rockfill dam, Yele dam, is simulated and investigated employing the dynamic hydro-mechanically (HM) coupled finite element (FE) method. The objective of the study is to firstly validate the numerical model for static and dynamic analyses of rockfill dams against the unique monitoring data on the Yele dam recorded before and during the Wenchuan earthquake. The initial stress state of the dynamic analysis is reproduced by simulating the geological history of the dam foundation, the dam construction and the reservoir impounding. Subsequently, the predicted seismic response of the Yele dam is analysed, in terms of the deformed shape, crest settlements and acceleration distribution pattern, in order to understand its seismic behaviour, assess its seismic safety and provide indication for the application of any potential reinforcement measures. The results show that the predicted seismic deformation of the Yele dam is in agreement with field observations that suggested that the dam operated safely during the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to explore the impact of two factors on the seismic response of rockfill dams, i.e. the permeability of materials comprising the dam body and the vertical ground motion.     

强地震动数据采集系统研究

本文介绍了GDQJ—1A型强地震动数据采集系统的结构原理和技术性能，它可用于强地震观测和工程振动测量。     

超强地震作用下深厚覆盖层场地重力坝抗震安全研究

本文通过成层状地基地震动输入计算方法得到覆盖层边界自由场运动,采用粘弹性边界,考虑地基辐射阻尼效应及坝体和地基的接触非线性,针对强震区深厚覆盖层场地重力坝开展线性和非线性动力时程分析研究,结合需求能力比DCR评估其抗震性能。由线弹性动力时程分析可知,在运行基准地震OBE作用下,重力坝坝体应力均在允许范围内,其抗滑稳定安全系数不能满足要求;由非线性动力分析可知,在OBE和最大设计地震MDE作用下,重力坝发生较大滑动位移。通过在重力坝坝体下游坝后回填土加强重力坝抗震稳定性,结果表明,下游坝后回填土可有效减小坝体滑动位移,加强其抗震稳定性。本文针对深厚覆盖层场地重力坝开展的抗震安全研究为抗震设计提供了科学依据,为强震区深厚覆盖层场地重力坝的抗震分析提供参考。     

百色水利枢纽数字遥测地震台网技术系统

介绍了百色水利枢纽遥测地震台网工程技术方案,主要仪器设备选型,并通过不断优化技术方案,确保台网的实际监测能力达到设计要求。通过实际震例检验了台网的监测能力及定位误差。从台网的运行情况表明,台网技术系统先进,设备运行稳定可靠,对监测百色水利枢纽库区及附近地区地震发挥重要作用。     

Analysis of seismic disaster failure mechanism and dam-break simulation of high arch dam

Based on a Chinese national high arch dam located in a meizoseismal region, a nonlinear numerical analysis model of the damage and failure process of a dam-foundation system is established by employing a 3-D deformable distinct element code(3DEC) and its re-development functions. The proposed analysis model considers the dam-foundation-reservoir coupling effect, infl uence of nonlinear contact in the opening and closing of the dam seam surface and abutment rock joints during strong earthquakes, and radiation damping of far fi eld energy dissipation according to the actual workability state of an arch dam. A safety assessment method and safety evaluation criteria is developed to better understand the arch dam system disaster process from local damage to ultimate failure. The dynamic characteristics, disaster mechanism, limit bearing capacity and the entire failure process of a high arch dam under a strong earthquake are then analyzed. Further, the seismic safety of the arch dam is evaluated according to the proposed evaluation criteria and safety assessment method. As a result, some useful conclusions are obtained for some aspects of the disaster mechanism and failure process of an arch dam. The analysis method and conclusions may be useful in engineering practice.     

Quantitative failure metric for gravity dams

Quantitative failure monitoring is a critical tool for safety assessment of concrete dams. This includes damage occurrence, intensity, location, number, size, and propagation pattern. Such an assessment is essential for a quantifiable prioritization of repair and will thus reduce overall cost and improve safety. This paper will address this timely topic through the nonlinear transient analysis of a dam and failure will be ascertained through a multi‐scale damage index. A damage‐plastic model for mass concrete is used, Drucker‐Prager elasto‐plastic one for the foundation, and infinite elements are used for far‐field boundaries. Water‐dam interaction is accounted for through fluid finite elements. It is determined that the proposed damage indices can indeed provide a quantitative metric for the degree of failure in gravity dams in terms of the input dynamic motion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于PSO-AHP的大坝致灾因子权重计算

提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化-层次分析法（SELPSO-AHP）的致灾因子权重计算模型,该模型依据大坝现场检测、原型监测和安全定期检查等成果,由层次分析法构建大坝风险分析的层次结构体系。为保证判断矩阵的一致性,引入改进粒子群算法和罚函数法用于层次分析法的权值计算,取得了比遗传算法更精确、更稳定的结果。将所建立的模型用于某混凝土重力坝的运行风险分析,得到了影响该坝运行风险的主要因素,为保障大坝安全提供了依据。     

Seismic safety of high concrete dams

China is a country of high seismicity with many hydropower resources. Recently,a series of high arch dams have either been completed or are being constructed in seismic regions,of which most are concrete dams. The evaluation of seismic safety often becomes a critical problem in dam design. In this paper,a brief introduction to major progress in the research on seismic aspects of large concrete dams,conducted mainly at the Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR) during the past 60 years,is presented. The dam site-specific ground motion input,improved response analysis,dynamic model test verification,field experiment investigations,dynamic behavior of dam concrete,and seismic monitoring and observation are described. Methods to prevent collapse of high concrete dams under maximum credible earthquakes are discussed.