共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 703 毫秒
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断层走滑包括粘滑和蠕滑,前者是伴有强震发生的快速运动,后者则是一种缓慢的无震稳滑运动,这2种运动常随时间交替出现,共同构成了断层的基本运动方式,在利用断层滑动速率讨论大震重复率的问题中,人们最关心的问题则是如何从总滑动量中分辨和划分出其中包包含的粘滑和蠕滑量,特别是对蠕滑量的划分,因为它直接影响大震重复率的正确性,笔者在野外考察的基础上,对昌马活动断鲜明的位移量进行了分级,确定出昌马断裂带全新以来 相似文献
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利用滑动速率、古地震资料估算走滑断裂的粘滑及蠕滑量的方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
断层走滑包括粘滑和蠕滑,前者是伴有强震发生的快速运动,后者则是一种缓慢的无震稳滑运动。这2 种运动常随时间交替出现,共同构成了断层的基本运动方式。在利用断层滑动速率讨论大震重复率的问题中,人们最关心的问题则是如何从总滑动量中分辨和划分出其中所包含的粘滑和蠕滑量,特别是对蠕滑量的划分,因为它直接影响着大震重复率的正确性。笔者在野外考察的基础上,对昌马活动断裂的位移量进行了分级,确定出昌马断裂带全新世以来的水平滑动量大致可划分为5个级别:31~41 m ;25~31 m ; 15~22 m ; 8~13 m ;1~5.5 m ,同时依据古地震学方法并结合14C断代法及断层崖形成年代的数学模拟计算,求得全新世以来在昌马断裂带上共发生5 次古地震事件。在上述2 项资料确定的基础上,进一步对昌马断裂带的粘滑及蠕滑量进行了划分,并给出了它们随时间的变化情况 相似文献
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从滑动弱化模型剪切破裂能G的计算公式出发,对三轴实验中常用位移测量方法作简要分析,认为改用弹簧应变片式位移计直接测量断层位移比用位移传感器在容器外部测量更能真实地反映粘滑的动态过程.作如此技术上的改进以后,当频率响应和采样速率比粘滑动态过程高得多时,就能直接得到(u)积分曲线而无需进行弹性修正.对同一粘滑事件,分别用弹簧应变片式位移计和位移传感器在高压容器的内外同时进行位移测量,在各种条件下,前者得出的G值总比后者高得多,约为3——10倍.初步的分析表明,后者偏低的主要原因在于容器外的位移计不能及时地反映粘滑时的位移变化,而新的方法在一定程度上克服了这一缺点,因而更接近于用地震学方法所得到的G值. 相似文献
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用声发射波形采集分析系统记录的完整花岗岩在固体围压下破裂及粘滑过程中产生的声发射波形,研究了声发射和粘滑时间序列与天然地震序列的关系,讨论了粘滑过程的时间分布,发现粘滑事件的累积频度曲线随时间的变化受围压和应变率影响,大致呈现指数函数和线性关系两种形式。总事件(包括粘滑和声发射)的累积频度随时间的变化在不同的实验条件下呈现出对数函数形式,粘滑序列中的声发射随时间减少。本文的结果对于研究不同应变速率及不同震源深度的地区的地震活动时间分布特征,以及在判别地震活跃期内不同阶段强震序列类型和前兆特征有一定参考作用。 相似文献
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2008年5月12日中国汶川发生了MW7.9地震,全球数字地震仪台网(GSN)74个台的地震仪和陕西周至地震台的数字水位仪都很好地记录到了该地震的同震粘滑错动过程和止滑过程。分析GSN 74个地震台的记录后发现:汶川MW7.9地震的同震粘滑错动过程是一次多点粘滑错动过程,主要由四个子粘滑错动事件构成,整个粘滑错动过程的持续时间不少于86.6 s;地震的弹性破裂过程与粘滑错动过程同时进行,是粘滑错动和弹性破裂共同作用的结果,是一种"粘滑错动+弹性破裂"的机制。对周至地震台数字水位仪记录分析后发现:汶川地震的同震粘滑错动过程与P.N.Sundaram[1]作的岩石粘滑错动实验结果一致,粘滑错动过程可细分为粘结(stick)和滑动(slip)二个过程。汶川地震在止滑过程中激发出了长周期勒夫面波(XsQ)和瑞雷面波(XsR)。研究粘滑震相有助于认识震源的粘滑错动过程,研究止滑震相有助于预判震灾损失。 相似文献
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报告了利用泡沫橡胶模拟浅部软弱层对走滑破裂引起的强地面运动影响的结果。走滑地震引起强地面运动的计算机模拟,有时与对断层浅部滑动特性的某些任意假设有关(如:断层面上部2km处的滑动固定为0)。断层滑动反演研究表明,走滑断层浅部的高频辐射通常低于断层深部。在多数情况下,(1)断层区上部几公里的断层可能较弱,不能维持地震高动能释放期间所需求的高水平的剪应力;(2)断层滑动可能具有不同的本构关系,例如,滑 相似文献
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文中总结了基岩断层带黏滑与蠕滑的地质标志与岩石力学实验证据,分析了控制黏滑与蠕滑的物理机制。断层带内的矿物组成、矿物变形机制、流体作用和断层带变形方式等是控制黏滑与蠕滑的主要因素。富含黏土矿物的断层泥具有速度强化型摩擦滑动,控制着断层蠕滑,而以方解石、石英、长石及辉石等造岩矿物为主的断层泥在大陆浅源地震的震源深度条件下具备黏滑条件。脆性破裂伴随的扩容过程是断层黏滑的必要条件,而压实、碎裂和塑性剪切变形形成的叶理和小褶皱对应于蠕滑。在流体作用下,压溶使孔隙和微裂隙愈合,有利于断层强度的恢复和断层闭锁,既是断层发生不稳定滑动的根源,也是断层带局部存在高压流体的条件,而在流体作用下的退变质反应与水解反应生成黏土矿物和层状及环状硅酸盐矿物,不仅降低了断层带的强度,还导致断层向蠕滑转变。断层带内均匀分布多个剪切面和较宽的变形带对应于蠕滑,局部化的R剪切及Y剪切、窄变形带和摩擦镜面对应于黏滑。 相似文献
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Microscopic Indicators of Stick-Slip and Creep-Slip in Deformation Products From the Daqingshan Piedmont Active Fault 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yao Daquan Tang Youbiao Li Jie and Liu JiacanSeismological Bureau of Anhui Province Hefei China 《中国地震研究》1996,(1)
Through the collection of oriented samples,consolidation of undisturbed samples,and systematic microscopy of thin sections,the deformation products from the Daqingshan piedmont active fault zone have been studied.The obtained results have been analyzed in combination with those of rock fracture experiments and macroscopic surveys.Based on the above,the present article summarizes the microscopic indicators of stick-slip and creep-slip,which reflect the characteristics of fault movement,and has given some suggestion on relevant problems. 相似文献
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在气体介质三轴高温岩石力学实验仪器上,采用意大利Scaglia Bianca石灰岩,在温度50~300℃、围压150MPa,含50MPa孔隙压、无孔隙压含饱和水和完全干燥三种条件下,开展摩擦滑动实验.实验力学数据和显微结构表明,完全干燥样品在120℃时出现慢滑移,实验样品中没有出现溶解与沉淀.无孔隙压含饱和水条件下,100℃、120℃、150℃条件下出现典型的慢滑移,实验样品中含有微弱的溶解与沉淀;300℃条件下出现黏滑,实验样品中出现沉淀.在含50MPa孔隙压条件下,50℃时的实验表现为典型的稳滑,实验样品中以溶解为主;在100~150℃时,出现慢滑移,实验样品中以溶解为主,沉淀为辅;在200~300℃时,出现典型黏滑,实验样品中以沉淀为主.实验结果表明,石灰岩断层泥摩擦滑动稳定性随温度变化,受流体中碳酸钙的溶解和沉淀作用控制,因此,流体中矿物质的饱和度这一化学性质对断层带的摩擦强度和摩擦滑动稳定性具有显著影响. 相似文献
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THE GEOLOGICAL AND ROCK MECHANICAL DISTINCTION EVIDENCE BETWEEN STICK-SLIP AND CREEP IN HOST ROCK SEGMENTS OF FAULT 下载免费PDF全文
ZHOU Yong-sheng 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1266-1272
Paleo-seismic and fault activity are hard to distinguish in host rock areas compared with soft sedimentary segments of fault. However, fault frictional experiments could obtain the conditions of stable and unstable slide, as well as the microstructures of fault gouge, which offer some identification marks between stick-slip and creep of fault.
We summarized geological and rock mechanical distinction evidence between stick-slip and creep in host rock segments of fault, and analyzed the physical mechanisms which controlled the behavior of stick-slip and creep. The chemical composition of fault gouge is most important to control stick-slip and creep. Gouge composed by weak minerals, such as clay mineral, has velocity weakening behavior, which causes stable slide of fault. Gouge with rock-forming minerals, such as calcite, quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, has stick-slip behavior under condition of focal depth. To the gouge with same chemical composition, the deformation mechanism controls the frictional slip. It is essential condition to stick slip for brittle fracture companied by dilatation, but creep is controlled by compaction and cataclasis as well as ductile shear with foliation and small fold. However, under fluid conditions, pressure solution which healed the fractures and caused strength recovery of fault, is the original reason of unstable slide, and also resulted in locking of fault with high pore pressure in core of fault zone. Contrast with that, rock-forming minerals altered to phyllosilicates in the gouges by fluid flow through degenerative reaction and hydrolysis reaction, which produced low friction fault and transformations to creep. The creep process progressively developed several wide shear zones including of R, Y, T, P shear plane that comprise gouge zones embedded into wide damage zones, which caused small earthquake distributed along wide fault zones with focal mechanism covered by normal fault, strike-slip fault and reverse fault. However, the stick-slip produced mirror-like slide surfaces with very narrow gouges along R shear plane and Y shear plane, which caused small earthquake distributed along narrow fault zones with single kind of focal mechanism. 相似文献
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Nicholas W. Hayman Lucie Ducloué Kate L. Foco Karen E. Daniels 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(12):2239-2257
It is a long-standing question whether granular fault material such as gouge plays a major role in controlling fault dynamics
such as seismicity and slip-periodicity. In both natural and experimental faults, granular materials resist shear and accommodate
strain via interparticle friction, fracture toughness, fluid pressure, dilation, and interparticle rearrangements. Here, we
isolate the effects of particle rearrangements on granular deformation through laboratory experiments. Within a sheared photoelastic
granular aggregate at constant volume, we simultaneously visualize both particle-scale kinematics and interparticle forces,
the latter taking the form of force-chains. We observe stick-slip deformation and associated force drops during an overall
strengthening of the shear zone. This strengthening regime provides insight into granular rheology and conditions of stick-slip
periodicity, and may be qualitatively analogous to slip that accompanies longer term interseismic strengthening of natural
faults. Of particular note is the observation that increasing the packing density increases the stiffness of the granular
aggregate and decreases the damping (increases time-scales) during slip events. At relatively loose packing density, the slip
displacements during the events follow an approximately power-law distribution, as opposed to an exponential distribution
at higher packing density. The system exhibits switching between quasi-periodic and aperiodic slip behavior at all packing
densities. Higher packing densities favor quasi-periodic behavior, with a longer time interval between aperiodic events than
between quasi-periodic events. This difference in the time-scale of aperiodic stick-slip deformation is reflected in both
the kinematics of interparticle slip and the force-chain dynamics: all major force-chain reorganizations are associated with
aperiodic events. Our experiments conceptually link observations of natural fault dynamics with current models for granular
stick-slip dynamics. We find that the stick-slip dynamics are consistent with a driven harmonic oscillator model with damping
provided by an effective viscosity, and that shear-transformation-zone, jamming, and crackling noise theories provide insight
into the effective stiffness and patterns of shear localization during deformation. 相似文献
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本文通过三种结构模型的黏滑地震模拟实验,利用高频速度连续观测系统获得了地震失稳过程的速度特征,讨论了最大位移量的选取方法,估算了实验室黏滑型地震的矩震级,探讨了黏滑类型、应力降大小与震级的关系.结果表明,黏滑型地震的应力降过程可能包含一次到多次高频振荡,对应若干次黏滑子事件.高频振荡的摆动幅度很大,包含有多种频率成分,峰值速度0.003~0.008 m·s-1.初步估计黏滑型地震的震级范围为-4.4~-3级,断层构造面的差异对各种黏滑模型的地震震级分布有明显影响.总体来看应力降与地震震级没有明显相关性,决定地震震级的主要因素应当是震源尺度. 相似文献
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Frictional heat generation and seismic radiation in a foam rubber model of earthquakes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Results from a study of stick-slip particle motion at the interface between two stressed foam rubber blocks indicate that normal vibrations and interface separation are an important part of the stick-slip process in foam rubber. The dimension of the dynamic slip pulse is small compared to the dimension of the model (approximately 10 cm vs. 200 cm) consistent with the abrupt-locking slip pulse model ofBrune (1970, 1976), andHeaton (1990). A comparison of frictional heat generation between stable-sliding and stick-slip foam rubber models indicates a linear relation between the temperature increase on the fault surface (for a given distance of slip) and the driving shear force for the stable-sliding model, while for the stick-slip model there is essentially no variation in frictional heat generation with an increase in shear stress. We performed experiments to investigate the ratio of normal motion to shear motion at different levels of normal stress in the stick-slip foam rubber model. Preliminary result indicate that the normal component of the particle motion increases more rapidly with increasing normal stress than the shear component. The phenomenon of interface separation and normal vibrations may thus explain some of the most frustrating problems in earthquake mechanics, e.g., the heat flow paradox, the long-term weakness of major active faults, and anomalousP-wave radiation. 相似文献