地震台站新型太阳能供电系统设计

在虎门地震综合观测站的建设中,设计了一套以太阳能为主、发电机为辅的新型供电系统,解决了工作人员日常照明及地震仪器设备的交、直流用电问题。本文主要介绍该太阳能供电系统的设计过程。     

供电系统改造对静乐地震台前兆观测数据的影响分析

文章通过对静乐地震台供电系统改造前后仪器运行的稳定性、雷电影响、内在质量等方面进行对比分析,认为改造后的"太阳能直流供电"模式明显优于改造前的"市电+UPS供电"模式,可在同类无人值守的台站推广应用。     

野外地震台站太阳能电池板与蓄电池需求分析

介绍野外地震台站太阳能电池板与蓄电池的需求计算方法,为野外地震台站太阳能供电系统部件的选型提供参考依据,并在青海地震台网野外地震台站太阳能供电系统建设中得到较好的应用。     

太阳能供电系统在天津测震台站的应用

利用太阳能供电系统解决天津市部分台站无法接入交流供电的问题,对部分台供电系统进行改造,采用复合式供电模式,避免农忙或雷雨季节停电问题,以提升台网整体数据传输连续率。     

太阳能供电系统在天津测震台站的应用

利用太阳能供电系统解决天津市部分台站无法接入交流供电的问题,对部分台供电系统进行改造,采用复合式供电模式,避免农忙或雷雨季节停电问题,以提升台网整体数据传输连续率。     

无人值守地震台站通信设备电源改造

针对福建省龙岩地区部分无人值守地震台站通信设备采用交流供电,运行不稳定的问题,对这些台站的通信设备改造为直流电源供电。实践证明,改造后消除了采用直流逆变器对观测资料的干扰,减少了直流逆变功耗,有效提高了无人值守地震台站通信设备运行的稳定性和数据连通率。     

试谈太阳能供电系统充电控制器的改进

叙述了山西大同数字遥测地震台网建设过程中，对镇川台太阳能供电系统进行改进的情况，讨论了在地震观测系统中使用太阳能供电系统应考虑的问题，提出了相应的解决办法。指出，根据地域、气候等条件合理设计太阳能电池的容量，合理设置控制器的浮充电流，可使太阳能电源系统处于较佳的工作状态。     

牡丹江地震台与密山地震台供电系统故障分析

黑龙江省“十五”数字地震观测网络项目自2007年完成建设并开始运行,其中牡丹江地震台新增形变、火山测震台网等观测项目,密山台新增测震,大地电场等观测项目。台站运行期间,地震专业仪器设备出现设备故障及损坏情况,经过对台站技术系统的分析,判断牡丹江地震台和密山地震台由农电局供电的交流供电系统存在问题,本文分析了故障产生的原...     

无人值守测震台站风光互补发电系统的设计

我国测震台站大多数地处偏远山区,电网覆盖面有限,解决台站设备供电问题势在必行。文章结合山西省风能及太阳能资源的分布情况,提出风光互补发电系统供电方式,并根据山西省内测震台站所用设备情况,设计出风光互补发电系统,以解决无人值守台站设备的供电问题。该系统既可提高台站设备供电的可靠性,又实现了节能减排的效果。     

滦县地磁场井下观测系统抗干扰效果

近距离铁磁性物质干扰(农田耕作、基建等)、直流供电干扰(高压直流输电、地电阻率观测等)是地磁场地面观测的主要干扰方式。在滦县地震台布设地磁场井下观测系统,检验井下观测的抗干扰效果,结果发现,地磁场井下观测可抑制近距离铁磁性物质干扰,但无法抑制直流供电干扰(可通过避让一定距离解决),该分析结果为未来地震监测手段的选取提供技术参考指标和依据。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.