智能结构控制发展综述

本文介绍了智能结构的基本概念和基本特点,并对智能结构控制理论的形成和发展进行了综合论述;重点阐述了在土木工程结构控制中应用较成功的人工神经网络和模糊逻辑的理论和应用的现状,提出了今后应重点解决的问题。     

H∞与H2优化控制系统的比较

分析和研究了Ｈ∞优化控制理论在结构主动控制系统中的应用，根据简单的状态方程求解Ｈ∞优化控制器，即对给定的γ，计算Ｈ∞优化控制器，使系统闭环传递函数的无穷大模量小于γ，当于γ→∞时，Ｈ∞优化控制问题转化为著名的Ｈ２（ＬＱＧ）优化控制问题，Ｈ∞优化控制是对最坏情况下功率的优化控制，而Ｈ２（ＬＱＧ）优化控制是对总能量的优化控制。     

工程抗震的新领域——结构振动控制

本文叙述了建筑结构振动控制的起源和设想,介绍了控制理论在建筑结构抗震中的应用和当前振动控制应用开发研究的现状,最后提出了该领域研究的前景展望和有待解决的主要理论和技术课题.      

土木工程结构控制的某些装置和方法

本文系统介绍、评述了当前有关结构控制中的被动控制装置和主动线性结构控制方法的研究现状及存在问题，对有关控制理论方法和硬件设备的结构，性能做了清理和介绍，提出了下一步研究的方向，供今后研究工作参考、借鉴。     

城市地震灾后恢复过程控制模型研究

本文研究了城市地震灾后恢复的一般理论问题。文中首先论述了系统灾后功能评价的基本原则,提出了以系统平衡作为灾后系统恢复的基本约束条件的观点。在此基础上,针对本文所建议的灾后状态转移方程,分别建议了简单系统和大系统的灾后恢复过程控制理论模型,并给出了具体的控制算法。     

结构主动控制和混合控制技术的新发展

介绍了九十年代以来，世界各国在主动控制，混合控制领域实验研究，理论分析及工程应用的最新成果，并对未来的发展方向进行了讨论和展望。     

多种海啸触发类型的流固耦合数值模拟初步研究

利用有限元流固耦合理论来模拟二维、三维海啸触发阶段的动态过程,将海啸可能的触发类型分离出来独自模拟分析,并解决了触发过程中,流固计算可能失效而面临的问题,从形变图,压强图以及能量图多侧面地表达出流固耦合在海啸触发模拟中的可行性.由于不需要进行浅水波近似,因此所使用的计算方法和结果可推到较广的使用范围.     

结构可变阻尼半主动控制

本文阐述了结构半主动控制的概念，并介绍了国内外有关结构半主动控制的研究状态，阐述了几种有关结构半主动控制的算法，包括基于经典最优控制的控制律及算法，基于变结构系统理论的滑动模太控制算法和非线性奇次系统的ｂａｎｇ－ｂａｎｇ控制算法。重点阐述了变结构系统理论和滑移面的确定及控制律的设计。     

半主动磁流变阻尼控制方法的比较与分析

提出了基于现代最优控制理论的半主动控制算法。通过对一装有５个磁流变阻尼器的７层框架结构的地震反应分析表明,基于两种主动控制算法的所提半主动控制律是非常有效的。     

电力系统地震功能失效数值模拟与控制分析

本文研究了电力供应系统地震功能失效评估方法,尤其对电力供应系统功能潮流分析方法与负荷的控制问题作了深入的探讨.不仅分析了供电系统的潮流(包括电压和功率)变化对供电系统的影响问题,而且建立了电流控制模型,利用DSEA控制算法对供电系统进行负荷控制,并在此基础上进行了系统过负荷时的数值模拟研究;另外,通过一实例分析,对本文的研究方法进行了验证,从而为供电系统抗震分析、功能评估及灾害预防提供理论基础.     

基于市场机制结构控制策略的研究和应用进展

半主动控制装置以其廉价、耗能低及控制稳定性好的优势成为目前结构控制领域的研究热点,由此势必产生具有大量半主动控制装置形成的复杂的结构控制系统,但足对于由大量半主动控制装置组成的结构控制系统,其形式非常复杂。相比于传统的集中式控制策略,分布式控制策略更适应此类复杂系统的控制要求。而基于市场机制的控制策略（Market-basedControl,简称MBC）属于分布式控制策略,它利用市场来模拟复杂的控制系统,用销售商和消费者来代替控制器和能源输出,从而将整个控制系统离散化,利用自由市场经济对有限资源合理分配的特点,对结构的振动实施高效的控制。介绍了分布式控制的概念,回顾了基于市场控制理论的发展过程,重点介绍丁其在土木工程领域的应用,存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

ACTIVE AND SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL OF STRUCTURES UNDER SEISMIC EXCITATION

Considerable effort has been devoted to develop passive and active methods for reducing structural response under seismic excitations. Passive control approaches have already found application in practice. Active control methods, on the other hand, are being vigorously examined for application to civil structures. This paper investigates the application of active and semi-active control schemes to structures subjected to seismic excitations, and it focuses on the use of the sliding-mode control approach for the development of the control algorithms. The possibility of control redundancy with respect to the number of sliding constraints is taken into account in the controller design. Several sets of numerical results are obtained for a realistic 10-storey shear building, subjected to earthquake-induced ground motions and controlled by active or semi-active control schemes. It is observed that both active and semi-active control schemes can be used to reduce the dynamic response. Active control performs very effectively in reducing the structural response, but the required control force values can be quite large to limit its practical application in the case of large and massive buildings. Active regulation of linear viscous dampers was found unnecessary for this type of structural system, as it did not induce any significantly more reduction in the response than the dampers acting passively. On the other hand, it is shown that active regulation of stiffness can be used with advantage to reduce the response. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

结构控制技术在桥梁工程中的应用综述

就桥梁结构的被动控制和主动控制以及控制算法等三方面,系统综述了桥梁工程中振动控制技术的应用现状与进展,总结了桥梁结构主、被动控制所取得的一些研究成果和结论,同时,指出目前研究工作中存在的尚待进一步完善的问题,提出了今后的研究方向。     

A Self-tuning Robust Control System for nonlinear real-time hybrid simulation

In a real-time hybrid simulation, a transfer system is used to enforce the interface interaction between computational and physical substructures. A model-based, multilayer nonlinear control system is developed to accommodate extensive performance variations and uncertainties in a physical substructure. The aim of this work is to extend the application of real-time hybrid simulation to investigating failure, nonlinearity, and nonstationary behavior. This Self-tuning Robust Control System (SRCSys) consists of two layers: robustness and adaptation. The robustness layer synthesizes a nonlinear control law such that the closed-loop dynamics perform as intended under a broad range of parametric and nonparametric uncertainties. Sliding mode control is employed as the control scheme in this layer. Then, the adaptation layer reduces uncertainties at run time through slow and controlled learning of the control plant. The tracking performance of the SRCSys is evaluated in two experiments that have highly uncertain physical specimens.     

Performance-based semi-active control algorithm for protecting base isolated buildings from near-fault earthquakes

Base isolated structures have been found to be at risk in near-fault regions as a result of long period pulses that may exist in near-source ground motions.Various control strategies,including passive,active and semi-active control systems,have been investigated to overcome this problem.This study focuses on the development of a semi-active control algorithm based on several performance levels anticipated from an isolated building during different levels of ground shaking corresponding to various earthquake hazard levels.The proposed performance-based algorithm is based on a modified version of the well-known semi-active skyhook control algorithm.The proposed control algorithm changes the control gain depending on the level of shaking imposed on the structure.The proposed control system has been evaluated using a series of analyses performed on a base isolated benchmark building subjected to seven pairs of scaled ground motion records.Simulation results show that the newly proposed algorithm is effective in improving the structural and nonstructural performance of the building for selected earthquakes.     

分散滑移模态控制法在高层建筑结构抗震中的应用

分散控制与集中控制策略相比可以提高结构控制系统的可靠性。文中将分散控制和滑移模态控制算法原理相结合,导出分散滑移模态控制(decentralized sliding mode control,DSMC)算法并应用于高层结构振动控制中。该方法是将结构分解为若干个子结构,分别进行滑移模态控制。文中以某20层钢结构Benchmark模型为例,分别进行3个子结构与4个子结构的分散控制数值计算,与线性二次型最优控制(Linear quadratic optimal control,LQR)效果相比,DSMC算法可以有效地抑制结构位移和加速度反应。     

A Semi-active Oleodynamic Damper for Earthquake Control. Part 2: Evaluation of Performance through Shaking Table Tests

Sine sweep and earthquake excitation tests have been performed on a one-story spatial steel frame building equipped with two identical semi-active assemblies described and fully characterized in a companion paper. The tests allowed identifying and validating simple mathematical models of the building in its passive configurations as well as in semi-active operation according to an energy storing and suddenly dissipating algorithm. In order to eliminate or at least attenuate the detrimental effects of control delays due to adopted software, electronic apparatus and mechanical inertia of variable dampers' moving parts, a simple ‘sine-fit’ prediction method was conceived, evaluated and adopted in subsequent tests. It is shown that, with adequate anticipation of device operation, the selected control algorithm produces a satisfactory reduction of building response compared to that obtained in passive configurations, with overall system efficiency practically independent of the earthquake input and related only to the properties of the semi-active assembly. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

主动变刚度阻尼多振型半主动控制研究

探讨了开关型半主动控制算法的研究现状,基于单步状态预测控制律,提出了针对高层建筑多自由度结构体系AVS/D(主动变刚度阻尼)多振型开关控制律。通过算例仿真分析与其它开关控制律作了比较,结果表明这种开关控制律是可行的、有效的。特别是在多自由度结构体系振动过程中有多个振型同时在受控结构的反应中起主要作用时,本文提出的开关控制律比其它振型开关控制律有更好的控制效果。     

Design approaches for active, semi-active and passive control systems based on analysis of characteristics of active control force

In this paper,the characteristics of forces in active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building are analyzed.The following characteristics are observed:(1) active control can provide signifi cantly superior supplemental damping to a building,but causes a small frequency shift;(2) the linear quadratic regulator(LQR)-based control force is composed of an elastic restoring force component and a damping force component,where the damping force is almost identical to the total control force,howev...     

An off-and-towards-equilibrium strategy for vibrational control of structures

Traditional control strategies have difficulty handling nonlinear behavior of structures, time variable features and parameter uncertainties of structural control systems under seismic excitation. An off-and-towardsequilibrium （OTE） strategy combined with fuzzy control is presented in this paper to overcome these difficulties. According to the OTE strategy, the control force is designed from the viewpoint of a mechanical relationship between the motions of the structure, the exciting force and the control force. The advantage of the OTE strategy is that it can be used for a variety of control systems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, the seismic performance of a three-story shear building with an Active Tendon System （ATS） using a Fuzzy Logic Controller （FLC） is studied. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle any nonlinear behavior of structures. However, there are no design guidelines to set up the corresponding control rule table for a FLC. Based on the proposed strategy for the FLC, a control rule table associated with the building under study is developed, which then allows formation of a detailed algorithm. The results obtained in this study show that the proposed strategy performs slightly better than the linear quadratic regulator （LQR） strategy, while possessing several advantages over the LQR controller. Consequently, the feasibility and validity of the proposed strategy are verified.