磁共振功能成像在临床医学中的应用一脑血栓形成的fMRI研究

目的：评价磁共振功能成像（ｆＭＲＩ）在临床医学中的应用。材料与方法：应用ＧＥ公司Ｓｉｇｎａ Ｈｏｒｉｚｏｎ磁共振成像系统及血氧合水平（ＢＯＬＤ）法,对１６例脑血栓形成患者进行检查。Ｔ１加权像应用自旋回波（ＳＥ,ｓｐｉｎｅｃｈｏ）序列,Ｔ２＾应用单次激发回波平面成像（ＥＰＩ,ｅｃｈｏ ｐｌａｎａ ｉｍａｇｉｎｇ）序列。实验采取对照－任务－对照－任务或任务－对照－任务－对照范式,应用Ｓｕｎ Ｓｐａｒ     

兔子急性脑梗塞的磁共振灌注成像的实验研究

本文进行了兔急性脑梗塞的磁共振灌注成像的实验研究,其研究内容是用兔急性脑梗塞模型,研究用造影剂和不用造影剂两种不同灌注成像方法的相关性,评价非造影剂灌注成像方法的有效性,并同时观察了兔急性脑梗塞在弥散加权成像、灌注加权成像和常规ＭＲＩ上的系列表现,以及经动脉溶栓的效果。初步研究结果表明,非造影剂灌注成像方法（ＦＡＩＲ序列）可以用于脑梗塞灌注评估;并结合ＤＷＩ、ＰＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ能反映脑缺血的ＭＲ特征性演变过程以及相应的病理生理学信息。     

脑血管畸形的影像诊断（附11例分析）

磁共振成像（简称ＭＲＩ）的临床应用为脑部血管异常的检查提供了一种无创伤手段。本文观察了１１例脑血管畸形的ＭＲＩ表现，６例有ＣＴ对照资料，４例有血管造影资料，８例手术证实。ＭＲＩ结果表明：畸形血管常呈线条状迂曲的低信号或无信号影，如果与畸形血管呈垂直切层时常呈点状和蜂房状低信号影或无信号影．在检测畸形血管钙化中，ＣＴ优于ＭＲＩ，而在检测后颅凹血管畸形中ＭＲＩ优于ＣＴ。而在检测后颅四血管畸形中ＭＲＩ优于ＣＴ。血管造影虽是有创检查，但对于观察畸形血管的全貌非常有用，目前仍是一种不可缺少的检查手段．     

磁共振脑血管成像方法的价值探讨

本文作者通过对１２３例病人同时进行３ＤＭＴＴＯＦ（三维磁化传递对时间飞逝法）和３ＤＰＣ（三维相位对比法）、磁共振脑血管成像（ＭＲＡ），对２１例患者同时进行了３ＤＭＴＴＯＦ及３ＤＴＯＦ（三维时间飞逝法）、脑血管成像，将它们对未稍小血管，颈外动脉，静脉显示程度相比较，并进行统计学分析，从而得出了３ＤＭＴＴＯＦ法较普通３ＤＴＯＦ法及３ＤＰＣ法在大脑中动脉岛叶分支、大脑后动脉的顶枕支，距状裂支的显示程度上优越，而且对静脉窦的抑制，颈外动脉及皮层静脉的抑制方面均优于后两者，并对在动脉瘤及动静脉畸形的诊断价值方面进行了探讨。提示３ＤＭＴＴＯＦ对小的动静脉畸形、海绵状血管瘤、小动脉瘤的诊断方面较３ＤＰＣ优越。３ＤＰＣ法对较大的动静脉畸形显示较好，对近年用于临床的ＭＴＴＯＦ法血管成像术的机理进行了探讨。指出这是一项新的磁化递抑制技术，应用于ＭＲＡ取得了较好的效应。     

2003年地球科学类国际学术会议信息

20 0 3年 ,国际大地测量学与地球物理学联合会 (ＩＵＧＧ)、国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会 (ＩＡＳＰＥＩ)、国际地磁学和超高层大气物理学协会 (ＩＡＧＡ)等国际学术组织和一些国家的地学专业机构将在世界各地召开国际学术会议。为使我国地震科学工作者更方便地了解这些专业国际会议的有关情况 ,我们将部分与地震学研究有关的会议作一简短介绍 ,仅供参考。1　第 3届大陆地震国际会议———地震机理与减轻地震灾害 (3ｒｄＩｎｔｅｒｎａ ｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎＣｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＥａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ———Ｍｅｃｈａ…     

国际地震学和地球内部物理学协会（IASPEI）亚洲区域大会及其地震CT论文简介

国际地震学和地球内部物理学协会（ＩＡＳＰＥＩ）亚洲区域大会及其地震ＣＴ论文简介ＭａｎｙＳｅｉｓｍｉｃＴｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙＡｒｔｉｃｔｅｓＰｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＩＡＳＰＥＩＲｅｇｉｏｎａｌＡｓｓｅｍｂｌｙｉｎＡｓｉａ［本刊讯］为纪念唐山大地震２０...     

两种膀胱准备方式在膀胱癌磁共振成像及术前鉴别肿瘤肌层浸润效能中的探索研究

目的：探讨两种膀胱准备方法对膀胱癌磁共振成像（MRI）的图像质量及术前鉴别膀胱癌肌层浸润诊断效能的影响。方法：76例膀胱癌患者行术前磁共振检查,分为A组和B组,分别行两种不同的膀胱准备方式,对比两种方法在高分辨率T2WI上图像质量有无差别,并结合弥散加权成像（DWI）及动态增强成像（DCE）序列,判断两组病例磁共振图像对判断膀胱癌病灶肌层浸润情况的诊断效能有无影响。结果：两位阅片者之间一致性良好,A组（禁食4～6 h后于检查前排空膀胱并通过导尿管向膀胱内灌注约100 mL生理盐水后半小时内进行检查）,与B组（检查前2 h排空膀胱内尿液后禁食禁水）相比,前者具有更优的膀胱充盈度评分;在诊断效能上,A组病例诊断肌层浸润性膀胱癌的敏感性及准确度均高于B组,但其差异无统计学意义。结论：检查前通过导尿管向膀胱内灌注适当容量（本研究为100 mL）生理盐水可作为一种辅助膀胱准备方法,帮助膀胱癌患者的膀胱适度充盈,以提高磁共振图像质量,进而提高膀胱磁共振诊断效能。     

首届国际CT和体视科技创新与应用高层论坛邀请函

由中国体视学学会主办的“首届ＣＴ和三维成像国际学术会议”将于２０００年１０月４－８日在北京隆重召开。特在会议期间开设“首届国际ＣＴ和体视科技创新与应用高层论坛”．由ＣＴ和三维成像国际学术会议组委会同“中华英才半月刊”信息中心联合主办：１主题和宗旨：ＣＴ和体视科技为社会服务及其展望;在工业、建筑业、电子医疗方面和地球浅层ＣＴ的科技创新与应用实践,推动ＣＴ科技更好地为发展生产力、为社会服务。２论坛议题：１）医疗ＣＴ：ＣＴ、体视和激光显微成像科技与电子医疗设备和诊断的应用：保健治疗,能及时消除隐患,更…     

磁共振功能成像在临床医学中的应用──脑血栓形成的fMRI研究

目的：评价磁共振功能成像（fMRI）在临床医学中的应用。材料与方法：应用GE公司SignaHorizon磁共振成像系统及血氧含水平（BOLD）法,对16例脑血栓形成患者进行检查。T1加权像应用自旋回波（SE,spinecho）序列,T2应用单次激发回波平面成像（EPI,echoplanaimaqing）序列。实验采取对照—任务—对照—任务或任务—对照—任务—对照范式,应用SunSpare工作站。有关数据处理软件以及t-检验与相关分析等统计学方法对数据进行处理。结果：对照组多数患者短期内病情稳定,停脱水降颅压药后,很快复发.只有一例四十岁男性例外。fMRI显示仅2例本组患者大脑皮质初级运动区有激活。实验组患者指疗期内病情稳定,一个疗程内功能明显恢复。fMRI显示实验组患者大脑皮质初级运动区明显激活。结论：磁共振功能成像在检测脑血栓形成患者功能恢复方面是一个客观而有效的手段,同时亦提示脑血栓形成急性期应用改善脑血管微循环药物疗效巩固,应用与不用相比有明显差别。     

亚洲地震委员会（ASC）正式宣告成立

亚洲地震委员会（ＡＳＣ）正式宣告成立１９９６年８月１～３日，在唐山召开的国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会（ＩＡＳＰＥＩ）亚洲区域大会期间，由ＩＡＳＰＥＩ秘书长Ｅｎｇｄａｈｌ博士主持召开了亚洲地震委员会代表会议。来自亚洲和南太平洋地区共１９个国家的代表出...     

湖泊沉积物DNA在气候环境变化和生态系统响应研究中的应用

随着气候与生态问题的不断涌现,气候环境变化与生态系统响应研究的重要性日益凸显,而传统方法逐渐难以满足深入研究的需要.现代分子生物技术的快速发展使针对湖泊沉积物的DNA分析逐渐被引入相关研究中,有效弥补了传统研究方法的不足,为研究者提供了理解过去气候和环境变化、生态系统响应的新视角.湖泊沉积物中的DNA蕴藏着丰富的生物群落演变信息,不仅是重建古气候、古环境变化历史的有力工具,更有助于研究生态系统的长期演化过程及内部机制,探讨气候环境变化及人类活动对生态系统的影响.本文分析了保存在湖泊沉积物中DNA的特点,着重介绍湖泊沉积物DNA分析在气候环境变化及生态系统响应研究中的应用,并对该技术目前存在的挑战、可能的解决方案及未来发展潜力进行了总结与展望.     

A correlation between pulse diagnosis of human body and health monitoring of structures

The concept of health monitoring is a key aspect of the field of medicine that has been practiced for a long time. A commonly used diagnostic and health monitoring practice is pulse diagnosis, which can be traced back approximately five thousand years in the recorded history of China. With advances in the development of modem technology, the concept of health monitoring of a variety of engineering structures in several applications has begun to attract widespread attention. Of particular interest in this study is the health monitoring of civil structures. It seems natural, and even beneficial, that these two health-monitoring methods, one as applies to the human body and the other to civil structures, should be analyzed and compared. In this paper, the basic concepts and theories of the two monitoring methods are first discussed. Similarities are then summarized and commented upon. It is hoped that this correlation analysis may help provide structural engineers with some insights into the intrinsic concept of using pulse diagnosis in human health monitoring, which may be of some benefit in the development of modem structural health monitoring methods.     

第23届欧洲地震委员会全会综述

第23届欧洲地震委员会全会于1992年9月7—12日在捷克和斯洛伐克首都市拉格召开。出席这次大会的代表共345人。会上宣读论文278篇,张贴论文70篇。本文在概述了这次会议情况的同时,详细介绍了其学术交流情况及笔者对会议的印象与体会。     

Algal Cultivation for Treating Wastewater in African Developing Countries: A Review

The tremendous increase in human population and rapid decline in freshwater resources have necessitated the development of innovative and sustainable wastewater treatment methods. Africa as a developing continent is currently backing on sustainable solutions to tackle impending water resource crisis brought forward by wastewater‐induced environmental pollution and climate change. Microalgae‐based wastewater treatment systems represent an emerging technology that is capable of meeting the new demand for improved wastewater treatment and climate change mitigation strategies in an environmentally friendly manner. This review critically looks at the opportunities of Africa in harnessing and exploiting the potential of microalgae for the treatment of various wastewaters based on their capacity to recycle nutrients and for concurrent production of valuable biomass and several useful metabolites. Wastewaters, if improperly/completely untreated and discharged, simultaneously pollute freshwater sources and present significant health and environmental risks. Nutrients in wastewater can be utilized and recovered in the form of marketable biomass and products when integrated with the cultivation of microalgae. Several valuable bioproducts can be generated from wastewater‐grown microalgal biomass including biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed, and various bioactive compounds. This biorefinery approach would most certainly improve wastewater treatment process economics, enhancing the technical feasibility of algae‐based wastewater remediation in African countries.     

The detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions

This paper reports on a joint meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society's Joint Association for Geophysics and VERTIC (the Verification Technology Information Centre) held in London in 1992. The topics presented focused on the detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions. The objective of the meeting was to emphasize the multi-methodological approach that is important in verifying compliance with test-ban treaties. An overview of seismological monitoring was followed by a discussion of the technical and scientific aspects of a global seismic monitoring network, and in particular of the 1991 experiment to test the large-scale international exchange of seismic data between recording stations and data centres world-wide. The current capabilities of satellite remote-sensing were presented, and their use explained in terms of both the provision of information for monitoring the development of foreign nuclear testing programmes and also for providing sufficient information for the evaluation of treaty compliance. A review of radio-isotope sampling showed how the isotopic signature of both air and ground based sampling programmes can be diagnostic of the nuclear source. Finally, previously classified research on the ionospheric effects of underground nuclear explosions was presented, the generated acoustic waves disturbing the ionosphere and producing detectable changes in the reflection of radio and radar signals which have potential as a monitoring technique.     

Sustainable development of India's waters—some policy issues

The paper develops a policy for the sustainable management of India's waters. It is demonstrated that, in contrast to the historical and current policy, a scientific policy could be developed, which will enable meeting the formidable challenges of the sustainable development of India's waters. An approach to policy formulation is also proposed. The institutional issues are briefly discussed. The article is based on a forthcoming book on the subject. A specific case is taken for reasons of realism to emphasize the possibility of creative policy formulation in other environments.     

锥束CT精确重建算法研究最新进展

第八届三维图像重建及核医疗学国际会议于2005年7月在美国盐湖城召开.该会议是在CT、PET及SPECT图像重建领域最负盛名的会议之一.本文主要介绍在本次会议上提出的几种最新锥束CT精确重建算法,包括MD-FBP算法、R-line算法等;还讨论了这两种精确锥束重建算法的各自优点,并对CT图像重建领域下一步的研究方向做了展望.     

欧洲地震委员会第24届大会综述

欧洲地震委员会第２４届大会于１９９４年９月１９－２４日在希腊首都雅典召开，出席这次大会的代表共３８０人。会上宣读和张贴论文５４１篇，内容主要涉及地震预测研究、地震活动性、工程地震、震源物理和数据采集、理论与解释等。本文综述这次大会的情况。     

Meeting of the international gravity commission, Cairo, November 28, 1984

In closing the meeting, Tanner thanked the participants for their interest and contributions. He then briefly reviewed the plan of action leading up to the Paris meeting. An agenda had already been prepared and the draft plan for the project would be revised by early January in time to accompany a circular letter inviting participants to the meeting. Tanner would undertake to notofy the executive of the IGC and its regional vice-presidents who could then advise their colleagues of the steps the IGC proposes to take in support of the Africans.A major effort will be made to obtain meeting facility that was fully equipped to handle a meeting in French and English as this seemed essential to the success of the meeting. The usual projection facilities would also be available to ensure the fullest possible discussion.     

关于发震断层与静止断层交遇的讨论

发震断层在其传播过程中与静止断层的交遇是地震时带有普遍性的现象,本文把交遇问题分为四种基本类型;建立各自相应的力学模型;通过物理力学分析和数学模拟,并结合地震实例讨论了各类交遇可能产生的后果: 1.发震断层终止于交遇处。2.发震断层被静止断层所截,而后,交遇区域发生强余震。3.发震断层穿越静止断层向前传播,而后,可能发生共轭地震。这些讨论可能对预测未来大震的震级及强余震的发生有一定的意义。