青海湖沉积碳酸盐矿物之间氧同位素分馏的评估及其环境意义

青海湖沉积岩芯的矿物学和稳定同位素研究结果显示自生碳酸盐矿物以单种或多种矿物形式保存在沉积物中;不同碳酸盐样品的δ18O值的变化范围为5.47‰至-1.04‰,差值最高达6.5‰;δ18O值与总碳酸盐含量呈正相关关系,与碳酸盐矿物种类的改变则无明显关联.结果表明,造成δ18O显著变化的主导因素是湖水氧同位素组成,自然条件下生成的不同碳酸盐之间的氧同位素分馏不明显.说明δ18O是指示闭流湖泊降水蒸发水量平衡变化的敏感指标之一.     

Speleothem annual layers revealed by seasonal SIMS δ~(18)O measurements

In-situ seasonalδ18O measurements of section 236.3–235.6 cm of speleothem HS4,from Qingjiang Valley of the Middle reaches of Yangtze River,China,were performed by an Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry(SIMS)with Oka(Chinese primary calcite standard GBW04481)and UWC-3(international calcite standard from University of Wisconsin).The potential of using SIMSδ18O measurements to establish speleothem time series has been explored and the differences between conventional and SIMSδ18O values have been discussed.During a 3-day period,UWC-3δ18O has been measured on Cameca IMS1280 Ion Microprobe Mass Spectrometer against"Oka"external standard.The measured mean value of UWC-3(δ18OVPDB=?17.85‰±0.22‰,1SD)matches well with its recommended value(δ18OVPDB=?17.83‰?0.08‰),suggesting that the instrument was stable.The same method applied on HS4 producedδ18O measurements at seasonal resolution with distinct annual cycles and the total cycle number in agreement with that from Mg/Ca cycles and lamination layer counting of the same section,so it offers an alternative for accessing speleothem time series.However,compared with conventionalδ18O values of HS4,SIMSδ18O values are more negative by 0.90‰with larger seasonal variation.The main reasons might come from the micro-cracks,micro-pores or liquid inclusions existing in HS4,and organic materials in the speleothem might be another factor affecting the SIMSδ18O values,indicating that to obtain reliable speleothem SIMSδ18O values,both compaction and purity of samples are crucial.     

Correlation between δ~(18)O,Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca of coral Acropora and seawater temperature from coral culture experiments

To be used as proxies of seawater surface temperature(SST), the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of scleractinian coral skeletons must be verified by coral culture experiments in the laboratory. This paper describes a coral culture experiment that was conducted at several seawater temperatures T(21–28°C) using a tandem aquarium system and the new method for depositing coral skeletons grown under controlled conditions. The δ 18Oc values and the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral were measured. We concluded that the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral are clearly correlated with T. The linear regression curve is δ18Oc(‰)=δ0.1427δT(°C)δ0.1495(n=18, r=0.955, p0.0001), and the slope of δ0.1427‰/°C is at the low end of the range of published values(δ0.13–δ0.29‰/°C). The Sr/Ca ratio decreases with increasing T, whereas the Mg/Ca ratio increases with increasing T, indicating a negative correlation between Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca. Their linear regression curves are Sr/Ca(mmol/mol)=δ0.04156δT+10.59(n=15, r=0.789, p0.005) and Mg/Ca(mmol/mol)= 0.04974δT+2.339(n=17, r=0.457, p0.05), respectively, which demonstrate that when Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are increased by one unit, T increases by 5.19°C and decreases by 15.62°C, respectively. These variations are significantly lower than published values.     

EY60回声探测仪在青海湖鱼类资源量评估中的应用

2006年8月16-18日通过使用回声探测仪(Simrad公司EY60型,200kHz换能器)对青海湖的鱼类资源进行了探测评估.结果表明:青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalski)水平分布具不均匀性,有小型鱼群聚集现象;在不同的设定分区,鱼类密度在0.168-12.8ind./1000m~3之间,均值为1.16 ind./1000m~3;布哈河口鱼类较为密集,密度最大值为12.8ind./1000m~3.初步估算青海湖裸鲤达可捕规格(体长大于20cm)个体数量为6.5×10~7ind.,95%置信度区间为35.6×10~7-118.4×10~7ind.,应用资源密度体积法估算青海湖裸鲤的可捕资源量约为1 5275t.探测实验还证实,EY60回声探测仪在青海湖中进行鱼类资源评估时探测效果良好,分析软件Sonar5可以对鱼类个体自动识别、计数,便于进行鱼类资源量评估.     

二次离子质谱技术在季节分辨石笋δ~(18)O分析中的应用

尝试利用二次离子质谱(SIMS)技术,采用国家一级标样(GBW04481)Oka方解石和美国威斯康星大学标样UWC-3方解石,对长江中游清江和尚洞洞穴碳酸盐沉积物HS4石笋的8.3ka BP时段(236.3~235.6 cm)进行了季节分辨率的?18O原位分析,探讨了利用季节分辨SIMS?18O所呈现出的年际旋回对石笋进行相对定年的可能性;并通过SIMS法与常规法?18O值的比较,分析了两者间偏差产生的可能原因.以Oka作外标,利用Cameca IMS 1280离子探针在3个工作日内对UWC-3进行了氧同位素分析,获得的测量结果(?18OVPDB=?17.85‰±0.22‰,1SD)与其推荐值(?18OVPDB=?17.83‰?0.08‰)在误差范围内一致,说明仪器稳定性良好、测试方法可靠.用SIMS法获得的HS4石笋?18O季节分辨率记录,则呈现出较为显著的年际旋回特征,其旋回总数与同段石笋Mg/Ca比及石笋反光微层图像中所呈现出的年层总数一致,有望为不具备清晰年纹层石笋的相对定年提供一个新的方法.与常规法?18O分析结果相比,HS4石笋SIMS法?18O值系统偏负0.90‰,且季节性差异增大,其主要原因可能是缘于样品中细微裂隙、孔洞和包裹体的存在,同时亦不排除石笋中有机质的存在对SIMS?18O值可能造成的影响,说明要获得与常规法?18O值相符的SIMS?18O值记录,石笋样品的致密度和纯净度均至关重要.     

上海-南极洋面大气N_2O的δ~(15)N与δ~(18)O时空变化特征

在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采用Tedlar气袋采集了"雪龙号"考察船航线上洋面大气样品以及东南极米洛半岛近地面大气样品(采样时间分别为地方时上午10:00和夜间22:00),在室内通过带有全自动预GC浓缩接口(PreCon)的Thermo Finnigan MAT-253同位素质谱仪,对这些大气样品中N2O的同位素组成进行了高精度地测量;并分析了其δ15N与δ18O空间变化规律.上海-南极洋面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O平均分别为(7.21±0.50)‰和(44.52±0.52)‰.由30°N往南极随着纬度的变化,δ15N(6.05‰～7.88‰)呈线性增加趋势,增加率为0.01‰/纬度,δ18O(43.05‰～48.78‰)则呈现较大的波动;且δ15N与气温、N2O浓度呈负相关,而与δ18O呈弱的正相关.东南极米洛半岛近地面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O夏季变化趋势相一致,且二者呈显著正相关,而与N2O浓度呈显著负相关;不同地点大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O平均分别为(7.46±0.39)‰和(44.63±0.45)‰,略高于洋面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O;而显著高于北半球低纬度大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O值.分析讨论了引起地面大气N2O的δ15N与δ18O空间变化的主导因素.提供了全球大区域洋面大气N2O的同位素资料,有助于定量评估全球与区域大气N2O的净收支.     

Stratigraphy and otolith microchemistry of the naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler) and their indication for water level of Lake Qinghai during the Ming Dynasty of China

Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chemical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this research, the fishbones and otoliths of naked carp sampled near the Bird Island, offshore Lake Qinghai, were dated and analyzed for mineralogy and microchemical compositions. Comparing the microchemical compositions of ancient otoliths with those of modern otoliths, we conclude that the ancient naked carps inhabited a relict lake formed when the lake shrank from a high lake level, by combining with the AMS-14 C ages of fishbones and otoliths, the stratigraphy and surrounding topography of the sample site. AMS-14 C dating results of ancient fishbones and otoliths show that these naked carps lived from 680 to 300 years ago, i.e. during the Ming Dynasty of China. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns demonstrate that the ancient lapillus is composed of pure aragonite, identical to modern one, indicating that the mineral of lapillus didn't change after a long time burial and that the ancient lapillus is suitable for comparative analysis thereafter. Microchemical results show that both ratios of Mg/Ca((70.12±18.50)×10?5) and ? 18O((1.76±1.03)‰) of ancient lapilli are significantly higher than those of modern lapilli(average Mg/Ca=(3.11±0.41)× 10?5 and ? 18O=(?4.82±0.96)‰). This reflects that the relict water body in which the ancient naked carp lived during the Ming Dynasty was characterized by higher Mg/Ca and ? 18 O ratios than modern Lake Qinghai, resulting from strong evaporation after being isolated from the main lake, similar to today's Lake Gahai. Based upon the stratigraphy and altitude of naked carp remains, it can be inferred that the altitude of lake level of Lake Qinghai reached at least 3202 m with a lake area of 4480 km2 during the Ming Dynasty, approximately ~5% larger than it is today.     

辽东南地区地下水化学时空变化

根据辽东南地区10处泉水、井水的水化学组分和氢、氧同位素组成,讨论了地下水的化学类型、成因及其动态变化特征.测得水样的TDS范围为105.38～809.05 mg·L-1,主要阳离子为Na+、Ca2+,主要阴离子为SO42-、HCO3-;δ18O和δD值分别为-9.25‰～-7.53‰和-66.43‰～-54.33‰.根据Piper分类法,所采水样可划分为9种水化学类型.样品的氢氧同位素组成表明,研究区泉/井水主要来源于大气降水,并有深部流体的混入.在花岗岩分布区,大气降水经水-岩相互作用演化成F-含量较高的SO4·HCO3-Na型、HCO3-Na型或SO4-Na型水,为花岗岩裂隙水的典型特征;金州的水样因受碳酸盐岩层影响和海水入侵形成Cl-Ca·Mg型水;砂砾岩中的长石类矿物水解和粘土矿物的离子交换作用使得Na+和Ca2+相对富集形成HCO3-Na·Ca型水.地震发生前后部分泉/井出现了K+、F-和Cl-离子浓度的异常变化,这可能是深部流体混入浅层地下水造成的.K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-离子浓度变化对辽宁地震活动的响应较好.研究结果可用于辽宁地区流体地球化学地震监测、预测和水环境研究.     

青藏高原东部兴措湖生物壳体元素及同位素记录的气候环境信息

通过对青藏高原东部若尔盖盆地兴措湖50年来Gyraulus sibirica壳体元素及同位素分析,并与器测气象资料的比较,建立了兴措湖记录与对应的降水和气温间的函数关系,探讨了湖泊记录所指示的气候环境意义,结果表明：青藏高原东部兴措湖地区腹足类生物在夏半年形成壳体,它所记录的是夏半年而不是全年的气候环境信息,Gyraulus Sibria壳体Mg/Ca比及δ^18O指标与夏半年气温有一定的相关性,其中壳体δ^18O指标对气温变化更敏感,δ^18O与夏半年气温滑动平均间的变率为1．64‰／℃,均值比为0．28‰/℃,Sr/Ca比,δ^13C指标与夏半年的降水量关系较密切,尤其是Sr/Ca比随降水量波动呈显著相关变化,Sr/Ca变化与降水间的平均变率（d(Sr/Ca)/dP)为－0．045/mm。     

上海-南极洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O时空变化特征

在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采用Tedlar气袋采集了“雪龙号”考察船航线上洋面大气样品以及东南极米洛半岛近地面大气样品（采样时间分别为地方时上午10：00和夜间22：00）,在室内通过带有全自动预GC浓缩接口（PreCon）的Thermo Finnigan MAT-253同位素质谱仪,对这些大气样品中N20的同位素组成进行了高精度地测量;并分析了其δ^15N与δ^18O空间变化规律．上海-南极洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O平均分别为（7．21±0．50）‰和（44．52±0．52）‰．由30°N往南极随着纬度的变化,δ^15N（6．05‰～7．88‰）呈线性增加趋势,增加率为0．01‰/纬度,δ^18O（43．05‰～48．78‰）则呈现较大的波动;且δ^15N气温、N2O浓度呈负相关,而与δ^18O呈弱的正相关．东南极米洛半岛近地面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O夏季变化趋势相一致,且二者呈显著正相关,而与N2O浓度呈显著负相关;不同地点大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O平均分别为（7．46±0.39）％。和（44．6±0．45）‰,略高于洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O;而显著高于北半球低纬度大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O值．分析讨论了引起地面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O空间变化的主导因素．提供了全球大区域洋面大气N2O的同位素资料,有助于定量评估全球与区域大气N2O的净收支．     

地幔矿物的氧同位素分馏

采用增量方法,计算了地幔矿物(特别是MgsiO_3和Mg_2SiO_4同质多相变体)的氧同位素分馏.结果表明,地幔矿物相之间存在如下~(18)O富集顺序:辉石(Mg,Fe,Ca)_2Si_2O_6>橄榄石(Mg,Fe)_2SiO_4>尖晶石型(Mg,Fe)_2SiO_4>铁铁矿型(Mg,Fe,Ca)SiO_3>钙钛矿型(Mg,Fe,Ca)SiO_3.如果地幔内部处于氧同位素完全平衡状态,由于地幔不同深度矿物相化学组成与晶体结构的差异,预计过渡带中尖晶石结构的硅酸盐矿物比下地幔钙钛矿结构的硅酸盐矿物相对富集~(18)O,但相对于上地幔中的橄榄石和辉石亏损~(18)O,从而出现地幔的氧同位素分层.如果假定全球范围同位素平衡,地球内部的化学结构可用下述~(18)O富集顺序来描述:上地壳>下地壳>上地幔>过渡带>下地幔>地核.     

德令哈大气水汽中δ~(18)O的时间变化特征——以2005年7月～2006年2月为例

大气水汽中氧稳定同位素是研究气候现代过程的重要手段.根据测得的青藏高原东北部德令哈2005年7月~2006年2月大气水汽中δ18O以及观测的气象要素,分析了德令哈大气水汽中δ18O的变化特征以及与温度、比湿的关系.研究结果表明,德令哈大气水汽中δ18O季节变化显著,夏季值高于冬季值;在取样期间存在较大的波动,波动幅度超过37‰;受温度季节变化影响,德令哈大气水汽中δ18O的日变化与日平均温度之间存在着明显的正相关关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ18O与大气中水汽含量的关系较复杂,研究发现在季节尺度上,冬季大气水汽中δ18O与空气比湿成正相关关系,但在夏季,大气水汽中δ18O显著受到降水的影响而与空气比湿显现相反的关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ18O值低于当地降水中δ18O值,它们之间平均差值?δ18O为10.7‰;德令哈大气水汽中δ18O值受到降水事件的影响,在7,8月间相对偏低,模拟结果显示,降水事件使德令哈大气水汽中δ18O值在7,8月间平均偏低7‰.     

大别山超高压变质作用期前和期后水-岩相互作用的氢氧同位素证据

对大别山东部超高压变质岩单矿物进行了氢氧同位素分析 ,得到榴辉岩的全岩δ18O值变化较大 ( -5‰～ 9‰ ) ,而其中云母的δD值变化较小 ( -85‰～-70‰ ) .在石英与其它矿物之间存在氧同位素平衡和不平衡两种现象 ,并且部分榴辉岩中出现绿辉石与石榴石之间的氧同位素分馏“倒转” .然而 ,较低的榴辉岩δ18O值 ( -5‰～ 1‰ )反映了其原岩的氧同位素特征 ,是由于超高压变质作用之前与大气降水发生相互作用的结果 .大别 苏鲁造山带榴辉岩氧同位素不均一性的保存指示 ,引发前进变质作用的古板块俯冲是快速的 ,因而所伴随的变质流体流动为隧道式而不是弥散式 .退变质作用导致部分矿物之间出现氢氧同位素不平衡 ,但引起退变质反应的流体在稳定同位素组成上是内部缓冲的 ,其氢氧同位素组成取决于寄主岩石的化学性质 .     

砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物成岩流体演化和水岩作用模式——以川西孝泉-丰谷地区上三叠统须四段致密砂岩为例

碳酸盐胶结物是川西坳陷孝泉-丰谷地区须四段第一重要的胶结物类型.通过碳酸盐胶结物岩石学、矿物学、碳氧同位素以及包裹体均一温度等的系统分析,讨论了研究区须四段致密砂岩中不同类型碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀机制、孔隙流体演化以及分布规律.连晶方解石胶结物具有相对较重的碳、氧同位素(δ13C=2.14‰,δ18O=-5.77‰),沉淀时间早,是在常温常压条件下,直接从过饱和碱性湖水介质中析出的产物.沉淀时流体的氧同位素较轻,主要表现为大气水-海水混合流体的特征(δ18O=-3‰),说明研究区须四段沉积时期的沉淀流体同时受到了大气水和海水的影响;次生孔隙中充填的方解石胶结物具有相对较轻的碳、氧同位素(δ13C=-2.36‰,δ18O=-15.68‰),沉淀时间晚,主要沉淀于中、晚侏罗沉积期的埋藏作用阶段,反映了有机质参与的长石溶蚀过程是该类碳酸盐胶结物沉淀的重要物质来源,粘土矿物转化过程中释放的Ca2+,Fe3+和Mg2+离子也是其重要的物质来源之一.由于埋藏过程中,水岩相互作用的影响,沉淀时流体的氧同位素出现了较明显增大(增重3‰左右);钙屑砂岩中的白云石胶结物沉淀于中侏罗沉积期的埋藏作用阶段,与碳酸盐岩屑具有类似的较重的碳氧同位素特征(δ13C=1.93‰,δ18O=-6.11‰),说明了两者在来源上的一致性,沉淀时流体氧同位素显著偏重(δ18O=2.2‰左右).不同胶结物沉淀时流体氧同位素的差异体现了不同水岩相互作用体系或是不同水岩相互作用强度的影响.这是含较多刚性颗粒的砂岩具有相对偏负的碳同位素(岩屑石英砂岩)、沉淀流体具有相对偏重氧同位素(钙屑砂岩)的主要原因.     

海洋水色遥感产品在青海湖鱼产潜力估算中的应用

鱼产潜力可为渔业资源保护和管理提供科技支撑,传统的鱼产潜力估算方法在大型湖泊中往往成本高、采样率低、时效差.本研究基于2018—2020年非冰封期(5—10月)在青海湖的实测数据,通过提取和校对海洋水色遥感MODIS卫星数据反演产品(1 km分辨率)并结合垂向归纳模型(VGPM)构建了青海湖浮游植物初级生产力及鱼产潜力估算模型,估算的浮游植物初级生产力与实测值对比的平均相对误差小于25%.利用该模型估算2018—2020年非冰封期青海湖基于浮游植物初级生产力的鱼产潜力并分析其时空分布规律,结果显示青海湖鱼产潜力在5—10月呈现先增加后减少的季节波动规律,最大值出现在夏季(7—8月);空间分布上呈现湖心小,岸边及靠近入湖支流河口区域大的分布状态,全湖总鱼产潜力月均变化范围为2.5万~17.6万t.鱼产潜力的时空分布规律主要受气温、外源营养物质、裸鲤摄食等影响.研究表明青海湖非冰封期的鱼类资源承载力年累计值可达45.8万t,明显高于现有裸鲤资源的现存量和历史产量高峰值,表明青海湖仍然具备很大的鱼类资源承载力与增殖空间.本研究为同类型的大型高原湖泊基于卫星遥感的高效长期鱼产潜力监测估算提供了范例,为青海湖“封湖育鱼”政策制定和增殖放流保护决策提供参考.     

In situ SIMS oxygen isotope analyses: Evidence for the formation of aluminum-rich chondrules from ordinary chondrites

Aluminum-rich chondrules(ARCs),which share mineralogic and chemical properties with both Ca,Al-rich inclusions(CAIs)and ferromagnesian chondrules,play an important role in revealing their temporal and petrogenetic relationships.In this work,seven ARCs were found in three ordinary chondrites GRV 022410(H4),GRV 052722(H3.7)and Julesburg(L3.6).They contain bulk Al2O3~17%-33%and exhibit igneous textures composed of olivine,high-and low-Ca pyroxene,plagioclase,spinel and glass.In situ SIMS analyses show that ARCs have oxygen isotopic compositions(δ18O=–6.1‰–7.1‰;δ17O=–4.5‰–5.1‰)close to ferromagnesian chondrules but far more depleted in 16O than CAIs(δ18O=-40‰;δ17O=-40‰).Most ARCs plot close to the terrestrial mass fractionation(TF)line,and a few between the TF and carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mixing(CCAM)lines.Plagioclase,nepheline and glass suffered O-isotopic exchanges during the metamorphism processes in the parent body.Spinel,olivine and pyroxene represent the primary O-isotopic compositions of ARCs,and define a fitted line with a slope of~0.7±0.1.Compared with the results of previous studies,shallower slope as well as more depleted16O compositions further demonstrates that ARCs in ordinary chondrites are not a simple mixing product of ferromagnesian chondrules and CAIs.Instead,they probably experienced higher-degree oxygen isotope exchange with a 16O-poor nebular gas reservoir during multiple melting episodes.     

Diagenetic fluid evolution and water-rock interaction model of carbonate cements in sandstone: An example from the reservoir sandstone of the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation of the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area,Sichuan Province,China

Carbonate cement is the most abundant cement type in the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area of the West Sichuan Depression. Here we use a systematic analysis of carbonate cement petrology, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and enclosure homogenization temperatures to study the precipitation mechanism, pore fluid evolution, and distribution of different types of carbonate cement in reservoir sand in the study area. Crystalline calcite has relatively heavy carbon and oxygen isotope ratios(δ13C = 2.14‰, δ18O = -5.77‰), and was precipitated early. It was precipitated directly from supersaturated alkaline fluid under normal temperature and pressure conditions. At the time of precipitation, the fluid oxygen isotope ratio was very light, mainly showing the characteristics of a mixed meteoric water-seawater fluid(δ18O = -3‰), which shows that the fluid during precipitation was influenced by both meteoric water and seawater. The calcite cement that fills in the secondary pores has relatively lighter carbon and oxygen isotope ratios(δ13C = -2.36‰, δ18O = -15.68‰). This cement was precipitated late, mainly during the Middle and Late Jurassic. An important material source for this carbonate cement was the feldspar corrosion process that involved organic matter. The Ca2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ ions released by the clay mineral transformation process were also important source materials. Because of water-rock interactions during the burial process, the oxygen isotope ratio of the fluid significantly increased during precipitation, by about 3‰. The dolomite cements in calcarenaceous sandstone that was precipitated during the Middle Jurassic have heavier carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, which are similar to those of carbonate debris in the sandstone(δ13C = 1.93‰, δ18O = -6.11‰), demonstrating that the two are from the same source that had a heavier oxygen isotope ratio(δ18O of about 2.2‰). The differences in fluid oxygen isotope ratios during cement precipitation reflect the influences of different water-rock interaction systems or different water-rock interaction strengths. This is the main reason why the sandstone containing many rigid particles(lithic quartz sandstone) has a relatively negative carbon isotope ratio and why the precipitation fluid in calcarenaceous sandstone has a relatively heavier oxygen isotope ratio.     

鹿角珊瑚δ^180，Sr／Ca和Mg／Ca比值与海水表面温度的相关性研究——不同海水温度下的珊瑚养殖实验

珊瑚δ^18Oc,Sr／Ca和Mg／Ca比值是海水表面温度SST的指示剂,需要采用室内的珊瑚养殖实验给于验证．本文利用新型的室内珊瑚养殖水循环系统和新生长珊瑚培植方法,进行了不同海水温度孔21—28℃）下的鹿角珊瑚的养殖实验,对养殖珊瑚δ18Oc,Sr／Ca和Mg／Ca进行了测定．结果表明,养殖珊瑚δ18Oc,Sr／Ca和Mg／Ca与r均呈现出明显的相关性,线性回归曲线为δ18Oc（‰）=-0．1427×孔℃）-0．1495（n=18,r=-0．955,P〈0．0001）,斜率-0．1427％d℃落在文献发表值范围（-0．13—0．29％d℃）的低端,Sr／Ca比值随r的上升而下降．而对Mg／Ca比值则相反,随丁的升高而增加,Sr／Ca与Mg／Ca呈现负相关关系,其线性回归曲线分别为Sr／Ca（mmol／m01）=-O．04156×T＋10．59（n=15,r=-0．789,P〈0．005）,Mg／Ca（mmol／m01）=0．04974×T＋2．339（n=17,r=-0．457,P〈0．05）,表明Mg／Ca和Sr／Ca每增加1mmol／mol时,记录的丁分别升高5．19℃和降低15．62℃,这些数值均明显低于文献所发表值,文章对此进行了初步讨论．     

德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的时间变化特征——以2005年7月-2006年2月为例

大气水汽中氧稳定同位素是研究气候现代过程的重要手段．根据测得的青藏高原东北部德令哈2005年7月-2006年2月大气水汽中δ^18 O以及观测的气象要素,分析了德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的变化特征以及与温度、比湿的关系．研究结果表明,德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O季节变化显著,夏季值高于冬季值;在取样期间存在较大的波动,波动幅度超过37‰;受温度季节变化影响,德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的日变化与日平均温度之间存在着明显的正相关关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O与大气中水汽含量的关系较复杂,研究发现在季节尺度上,冬季大气水汽中δ^18 O与空气比湿成正相关关系,但在夏季,大气水汽中δ^18 O显著受到降水的影响而与空气比湿显现相反的关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值低于当地降水中δ^18 O值,它们之间平均差值△δ^18 O为10．7‰;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值受到降水事件的影响,在7,8月间相对偏低,模拟结果显示,降水事件使德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值在7,8月间平均偏低7‰．     

再循环陆壳物质对岩石圈地幔的改造:鲁西早白垩世高镁闪长岩中异剥橄榄岩捕虏体证据

本文报道了鲁西早白垩世高镁闪长岩中异剥橄榄岩捕虏体的岩相学与矿物化学资料,以便揭示异剥橄榄岩的成因和岩石圈地幔的深部过程.岩相学研究表明,异剥橄榄岩捕虏体呈浑圆状产于高镁闪长质侵入体中,大小介于3cm×4cm×5cm～3cm×2cm×1cm,并且橄榄石呈残留孤岛状存在于单斜辉石中.矿物化学研究表明,橄榄石的镁橄榄石分子(Fo)介于89～91,Ni=1414～3629ppm,类似于新生代幔源橄榄岩捕虏体中橄榄石的成分,但略低于早白垩世方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的成分.橄榄石的δ18O值介于(6.03‰±0.33‰)～(6.82‰±0.35‰)(平均值为(6.5‰±0.4‰)),高于典型幔源橄榄岩中橄榄石的δ18O组成(5.2‰±0.3‰).与晚白垩世和新生代玄武岩中地幔橄榄岩捕虏体里的单斜辉石相比,异剥橄榄岩捕掳体中单斜辉石的Na2O,TiO2和Al2O3含量相对偏低,而CaO含量、Mg#值(91.2～94.1)和Ti/Eu比值(Ti/Eu=2082～2845)明显偏高,但与早白垩世高镁闪长岩中方辉橄榄岩里的单斜辉石成分类似单斜辉石以较低的稀土元素(REE)丰度、富集轻稀土元素(LREE)的配分型式和强烈亏损高场强元素(如Nb,Ta,Zr和Hf)为特点.此外,异剥橄榄岩的87Sr/86Sr,143Nd/144Nd和187Os/188Os(125Ma)比值分别变化于0.70596～0.70737,0.512181～0.512416和0.12661～0.57650.上述特征表明异剥橄榄岩为地幔橄榄岩受再循环陆壳物质熔体改造所成.